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Economy of Brazil vs Suriname compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Brazil has a GDP of $2.28T compared to $4.52B for Suriname, ranking 11/197 and 165/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $2.13T in government debt (93.3% of GDP), compared to $4.79B (105.8% of GDP) in Suriname.

Brazil vs Suriname GDP by year

Brazil
Suriname
1x
Year GDP, current $
Brazil Suriname
2025 $2,279,920,092,492 $4,523,657,797
2024 $2,185,821,610,689 $4,416,775,113
2023 $2,191,131,765,685 $3,472,693,412
2022 $1,951,923,942,083 $3,791,603,200
2021 $1,670,647,398,905 $3,107,923,198
2020 $1,476,107,231,310 $2,911,807,496
2019 $1,873,288,205,060 $4,016,040,575
2018 $1,916,933,898,011 $3,996,198,867
2017 $2,063,514,977,366 $3,591,679,431
2016 $1,795,693,482,853 $3,317,421,648
2015 $1,802,212,206,815 $5,126,237,646
2014 $2,456,043,727,199 $5,240,606,061
2013 $2,472,819,535,557 $5,145,757,576
2012 $2,465,227,802,807 $4,980,000,000
2011 $2,616,156,223,918 $4,422,276,622
2010 $2,208,837,745,101 $4,368,370,998
2009 $1,666,996,438,581 $3,875,409,836
2008 $1,695,855,083,498 $3,532,969,035
2007 $1,397,114,486,369 $2,936,612,022
2006 $1,107,626,541,435 $2,626,380,435
2005 $891,633,839,894 $1,793,410,397
2004 $669,289,424,806 $1,484,092,538
2003 $558,233,745,652 $1,274,190,311
2002 $509,795,273,807 $1,093,574,468
2001 $559,983,634,799 $834,279,358
2000 $655,448,231,984 $947,671,970
1999 $599,642,024,320 $886,290,698
1998 $863,710,759,256 $1,110,850,000
1997 $883,206,179,730 $926,422,500
1996 $850,426,432,992 $861,372,806
1995 $769,333,050,987 $691,590,498
1994 $525,369,467,296 $605,492,537
1993 $368,292,034,381 $428,764,706
1992 $328,191,909,882 $404,600,000
1991 $342,534,090,909 $448,100,000
1990 $384,959,818,182 $388,400,000
1989 $412,990,820,287 $542,600,000
1988 $307,881,930,752 $1,161,000,000
1987 $283,056,836,894 $980,000,000
1986 $256,480,852,471 $891,000,000
1985 $210,879,844,639 $873,000,000
1984 $188,339,974,087 $864,000,000
1983 $189,656,506,321 $883,500,000
1982 $271,314,113,768 $915,000,000
1981 $258,015,174,749 $889,000,000
1980 $237,393,489,893 $795,000,000
1979 $221,338,204,480 $782,500,000
1978 $200,278,646,124 $735,500,000
1977 $176,344,101,402 $641,500,000
1976 $153,168,949,208 $505,500,000
1975 $129,203,555,239 $465,500,000
1974 $109,794,519,728 $409,850,000
1973 $83,592,275,863 $339,450,000
1972 $58,434,858,375 $311,950,000
1971 $48,869,830,902 $301,000,000
1970 $42,327,664,794 $274,900,000
1969 $37,171,640,819 $259,650,000
1968 $33,930,457,425 $241,350,000
1967 $31,086,389,195 $220,700,000
1966 $28,283,323,733 $190,350,000
1965 $22,465,522,884 $154,150,000
1964 $20,963,733,695 $134,400,000
1963 $23,287,712,878 $125,950,000
1962 $19,231,747,852 $116,150,000
1961 $17,275,940,449 $107,700,000
1960 $17,030,465,539 $99,650,000

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/suriname | CC BY

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Suriname by year

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Suriname
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Brazil Suriname
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $10,713 - $7,070 -
2024 $10,311 $22,338 $6,962 $21,801
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $5,522 $21,110
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $6,084 $20,079
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $5,030 $18,458
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $4,755 $16,947
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $6,630 $19,772
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $6,666 $17,855
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $6,050 $17,568
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $5,644 $14,475
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $8,814 $16,544
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $9,108 $16,598
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $9,043 $16,173
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $8,851 $15,185
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $7,950 $13,926
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $7,944 $13,039
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $7,130 $12,393
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $6,576 $12,097
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $5,530 $11,530
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $5,003 $10,803
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $3,453 $10,014
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $2,888 $9,389
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $2,516 $8,552
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $2,202 $8,046
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $1,715 $7,865
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $1,988 $7,535
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $1,898 $7,367
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $2,429 $7,521
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $2,068 $7,422
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $1,963 $7,048
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $1,610 $7,000
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $1,434 $6,973
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $1,022 $6,650
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $969 $6,992
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $1,080 $6,852
1990 $2,581 $6,688 $942 $6,493
1989 $2,819 - $1,329 -
1988 $2,141 - $2,886 -
1987 $2,006 - $2,469 -
1986 $1,854 - $2,271 -
1985 $1,556 - $2,256 -
1984 $1,420 - $2,261 -
1983 $1,461 - $2,333 -
1982 $2,138 - $2,430 -
1981 $2,080 - $2,368 -
1980 $1,959 - $2,118 -
1979 $1,870 - $2,072 -
1978 $1,733 - $1,928 -
1977 $1,562 - $1,666 -
1976 $1,390 - $1,302 -
1975 $1,201 - $1,190 -
1974 $1,045 - $1,041 -
1973 $815 - $858 -
1972 $583 - $785 -
1971 $500 - $768 -
1970 $444 - $724 -
1969 $399 - $708 -
1968 $374 - $681 -
1967 $351 - $644 -
1966 $328 - $575 -
1965 $268 - $482 -
1964 $257.3 - $435 -
1963 $294.2 - $424 -
1962 $250.2 - $409 -
1961 $231.6 - $395 -
1960 $235.3 - $378 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/suriname | CC BY

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,713, ranking 85/197, compared to $7,070 in Suriname, ranking 104/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338, while Suriname ranks 89th at $21,801.

Economic indicators

Brazil Suriname
Gross domestic product
$2.28T
2025
$4.52B
2025
GDP rank
11/197
2025
165/197
2025
GDP growth
2.29%
2024-2025
1.79%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$10,713
2025
$7,070
2025
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2025
104/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,338
2024
$21,801
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
88/197
2024
89/197
2024
Government debt
$2.13T
2025
$4.79B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
93.3%
2025
105.8%
2025
Government debt per person
$9,999
2025
$7,483
2025
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2025
69/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,555
2026
$3,363
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$871B
2025
n/a
Number of millionaires
386,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
70
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
39.3%
2024
30.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2024
2.2%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.4%
2025
37.3%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
5%
2024-2025
9.21%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
14.5%
2026
10%
2013
Unemployment rate
5.83%
2025
7.92%
2016
Population
213964342
648096

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Brazil
Spending

Debt
Suriname
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Brazil Suriname
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 47.4% 93.3% 37.3% 105.8%
2024 45.5% 87% 29.3% 88%
2023 45.3% 84% 28.9% 97.7%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 28.2% 111.7%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 32% 115.8%
2020 46.2% 96% 30.2% 146.4%
2019 43% 87.1% 40.5% 84%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 29.5% 68.6%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 28.7% 73%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 27.9% 75.4%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 29.9% 41.2%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 25.2% 25.2%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 26.2% 27.9%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 25.1% 20.1%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 21% 18.7%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 21% 17.3%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 24% 14.6%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 20.5% 14.8%
2007 40.4% 63% 22.6% 16.4%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 22.2% 22.5%
2005 41.9% 67% 22.2% 27.1%
2004 39.7% 68% 20.8% 29.4%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 19.2% 31.5%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 22.2% 37.4%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 21.8% 37.2%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 24.4% 48.4%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 19.6% 32.3%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 30.3% 21.6%
1997 38.6% 31.8% 21.1% 16.8%
1996 38.2% 30.7% 21.4% 11.8%
1995 - 28% 20.2% 16.3%
1994 - 30% 19.8% 30.5%
1993 - 32.6% 21.2% 51.1%
1992 - 37.1% 24.4% 64.4%
1991 - 38.1% 26.6% 75.7%
1990 - 40.6% 22.7% 72.9%
1989 - 40.2% - -
1988 - 46.9% - -
1987 - 50.3% - -
1986 11.7% 49.4% - -
1985 11.1% 52.6% - -
1984 10% 55.8% - -
1983 9.7% 51.5% - -
1982 8.1% 32.8% - -
1981 7.8% 34.6% - -
1980 6.8% 39.7% - -
1979 9% 36.6% - -
1978 10.2% 37% - -
1977 10.4% 31% - -
1976 10.6% 31.8% - -
1975 10.7% 27.7% - -
1974 10.5% 25.7% - -
1973 11% 22.4% - -
1972 12.6% 22.5% - -
1971 11.7% 17.9% - -
1970 11.4% 17% - -
1969 11.2% 16.5% - -
1968 14.4% 15.8% - -
1967 13.5% 13.8% - -
1966 14.6% 19.6% - -
1965 14% 17.6% - -
1964 25.4% 22.2% - -
1963 22.8% 20.4% - -
1962 23.1% 23.7% - -
1961 12% 25.7% - -
1960 13.7% 22.3% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/suriname | CC BY

In 2025, Brazil's government spending was $1.08T, accounting for 47.4% of its GDP, while Suriname spent $1.69B, or 37.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 93.3% in Brazil and 105.8% in Suriname, ranking 29/185 and 18/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Suriname
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Suriname
2025 -8.07% -9.61%
2024 -6.17% -3.36%
2023 -7.71% -1.67%
2022 -3.96% -2.57%
2021 -2.63% -5.66%
2020 -11.6% -12%
2019 -4.86% -20.2%
2018 -6.99% -8.56%
2017 -7.97% -8.62%
2016 -7.99% -10.2%
2015 -9.28% -8.29%
2014 -6.27% -2.65%
2013 -3.42% -2.64%
2012 -2.35% -0.38%
2011 -2.74% 2.32%
2010 -3.55% -0.15%
2009 -4.23% 2.03%
2008 -2.39% 2.39%
2007 -2.66% 5.01%
2006 -4.87% 0.59%
2005 -3.36% -3.39%
2004 -2.95% -1.2%
2003 -5.4% -0.11%
2002 -4.15% -3.3%
2001 -3.47% 3.49%
2000 -3.32% -7.76%
1999 -5.17% -4.92%
1998 -7.22% -6.39%
1997 -5.6% -0.32%
1996 -5.35% 3.42%
1995 - 1.17%
1994 - -1.89%
1993 - -4.68%
1992 - -6.45%
1991 - -9.8%
1990 - -3.04%
1989 - -
1988 - -
1987 - -
1986 -1.6% -
1985 -1.3% -
1984 -0.4% -
1983 0.1% -
1982 1.4% -
1981 1% -
1980 2.5% -
1979 0.4% -
1978 -0.1% -
1977 0.1% -
1976 0.1% -
1975 0% -
1974 0.6% -
1973 0.1% -
1972 -0.1% -
1971 -0.3% -
1970 -0.4% -
1969 -0.6% -
1968 -1.6% -
1967 -2.1% -
1966 -1.3% -
1965 -2% -
1964 -8.79% -
1963 -5.78% -
1962 -6.82% -
1961 -2.93% -
1960 -3.85% -
1959 -0.18% -
1958 -0.76% -
1957 -0.29% -
1956 -0.14% -
1955 -0.62% -
1954 -0.49% -
1953 -1.26% -
1952 0.64% -
1951 0.87% -
1950 -1.58% -
1949 -1.22% -
1948 0.002% -
1947 0.25% -
1946 -1.78% -
1945 -2.87% -
1944 -2.37% -
1943 -0.75% -
1942 -2.55% -
1941 -2.15% -
1940 -1.13% -
1939 -1.2% -
1938 -0.59% -
1937 -1.62% -
1936 -0.27% -
1935 -0.5% -
1934 -2.28% -
1933 -1.56% -
1932 -6.47% -
1931 -1.56% -
1930 -3.58% -
1929 -0.09% -
1928 0.57% -
1927 0.12% -
1926 -0.76% -
1925 -0.07% -
1924 -0.45% -
1923 -1.94% -
1922 -3.8% -
1921 -2.98% -
1920 -3.11% -
1919 -3.69% -
1918 -4.51% -
1917 -4.8% -
1916 -4.35% -
1915 -6.33% -
1914 -7.32% -
1913 -1.91% -
1912 -3.05% -
1911 -2.15% -
1910 -2.06% -
1909 -1.62% -
1908 -1.89% -
1907 0.38% -
1906 0.28% -
1905 0.96% -
1904 -0.62% -
1903 1.79% -
1902 1.59% -
1901 -2.46% -
1900 -5.57% -
1899 -2.13% -
1898 -14% -
1897 -2.38% -
1896 -0.79% -
1895 -1.33% -
1894 -4.11% -
1893 -1.77% -
1892 -2.6% -
1891 0.51% -
1890 -3.02% -
1889 -3.79% -
1888 0.63% -
1887 -0.76% -
1886 -3.8% -
1885 -5.71% -
1884 -3.89% -
1883 -3.33% -
1882 -1.58% -
1881 -1.9% -
1880 -4.84% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/suriname | CC BY

In 2025, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $184B, equivalent to 8.07% of GDP. This compares to Suriname's deficit of $435M, or 9.61% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 30 of those years, while Suriname ran a deficit in 28 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to 5.19% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.59% of GDP for Suriname.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Brazil

Suriname
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Brazil Suriname
2025 5% 9.21%
2024 4.4% 16.2%
2023 4.6% 51.6%
2022 9.3% 52.4%
2021 8.3% 59.1%
2020 3.2% 34.9%
2019 3.7% -
2018 3.7% -
2017 3.4% 22%
2016 8.7% 55.4%
2015 9% 6.89%
2014 6.3% 3.38%
2013 6.2% 1.92%
2012 5.4% 5.01%
2011 6.6% 17.7%
2010 5% 6.94%
2009 4.9% -0.13%
2008 5.7% 14.7%
2007 3.6% 6.43%
2006 4.2% 11.3%
2005 6.9% 9.9%
2004 6.6% 9.99%
2003 14.7% 23%
2002 8.4% 15.5%
2001 6.8% 38.6%
2000 7% 59.4%
1999 4.9% 98.8%
1998 3.2% 19%
1997 6.9% 7.15%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/suriname | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.09%, compared with 24.3% in Suriname. In 2025, inflation was 5% in Brazil and 9.21% in Suriname.

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $16.2M
Machinery & equipment $9.49M
Animal & marine products $9.28M
Metals $8.2M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.9M
Chemicals & pharma $3.11M
Raw materials & minerals $2.72M
Wood & paper products $1.45M
Raw agricultural goods $686K
Miscellaneous $453K
Suriname
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $501K
Animal & marine products $429K
Machinery & equipment $363K
Textiles & consumer goods $266K
Chemicals & pharma $217K
Miscellaneous $152K
Metals $143K
Raw materials & minerals $83K
Precious metals & jewellery $33K
Raw agricultural goods $22K

Balance of trade

Brazil Suriname
Current account balance
-$66.7B
2025
-$2.48B
2025
Current account balance ranking
188/190
2025
146/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.93%
2025
-54.9%
2025
Goods imports
$291B
2025
$1.91B
2025
Goods exports
$351B
2025
$2.97B
2025
Service imports
$105B
2025
$3.59B
2025
Service exports
$54.4B
2025
$218M
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.5%
2025
38.4%
2010
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.8%
2025
52.5%
2010

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Suriname
Economic freedom 52.4 53
Economic freedom ranking 148/197 143/197
Property rights 49.2 40.5
Government integrity 37.2 41
Judicial effectiveness 55.6 46.5
Tax burden 70.6 69.1
Government spending 39.8 74.3
Fiscal health 28 76.6
Business freedom 65.7 56.9
Labor freedom 57 69
Monetary freedom 76 56.4
Trade freedom 69 65.2
Investment freedom 40 20
Financial freedom 40 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Brazil
Suriname
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Suriname
2026 52.4 53
2025 55.1 50.9
2024 53.2 46.7
2023 53.5 46.1
2022 53.3 48.1
2021 53.4 46.4
2020 53.7 49.5
2019 51.9 48.1
2018 51.4 48.1
2017 52.9 48
2016 56.5 53.8
2015 56.6 54.2
2014 56.9 54.2
2013 57.7 52
2012 57.9 52.6
2011 56.3 53.1
2010 55.6 52.5
2009 56.7 54.1
2008 56.2 54.3
2007 56.2 54.8
2006 60.9 55.1
2005 61.7 51.9
2004 62 47.9
2003 63.4 46.9
2002 61.5 48
2001 61.9 44.3
2000 61.1 45.8
1999 61.3 40.1
1998 52.3 39.9
1997 52.6 35.9
1996 48.1 36.7
1995 51.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/suriname | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 52.4, ranking 148/197, compared to 53 for Suriname, ranking 143/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Brazil Suriname
Services, % of GDP
59.7%
2025
50.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.1%
2025
35.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
6.09%
2025
6.77%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.25T
2025
$3.93B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$22,670
2025
$21,000
2025
Total reserves including gold
$359B
2025
$1.62B
2025
Total reserves ranking
13/177
2025
132/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$47.5B
2025
-$2.04B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$74.1B
2024
$666M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
-$9.05M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.4%
2024
20.5%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
70%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17.1%
2025
36.2%
2010

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/suriname | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.