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Economy of Brazil vs Georgia compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Brazil has a GDP of $2.18T compared to $33.8B for Georgia, ranking 10/197 and 107/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $1.9T in government debt (92% of GDP), compared to $12.2B (35.8% of GDP) in Georgia.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Brazil
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Georgia
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Brazil Georgia
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $17,030,465,539 $188,463,862,170 - $5,243,159,136
1961 $17,275,940,449 $204,671,754,317 - $5,498,288,150
1962 $19,231,747,852 $218,180,090,102 - $5,779,416,530
1963 $23,287,712,878 $219,489,170,643 - $6,022,260,625
1964 $20,963,733,695 $226,951,802,444 - $6,349,244,544
1965 $22,465,522,884 $232,398,645,703 - $7,019,638,204
1966 $28,283,323,733 $247,969,354,965 - $7,548,614,493
1967 $31,086,389,195 $258,384,067,874 - $8,020,635,559
1968 $33,930,457,425 $283,705,706,525 - $8,378,001,666
1969 $37,171,640,819 $310,657,748,645 - $8,778,177,254
1970 $42,327,664,794 $342,966,154,504 - $9,836,129,833
1971 $48,869,830,902 $381,868,537,873 - $10,079,213,237
1972 $58,434,858,375 $427,464,970,641 - $10,365,106,122
1973 $83,592,275,863 $487,176,363,096 - $11,037,028,854
1974 $109,794,519,728 $526,900,425,028 - $12,009,362,470
1975 $129,203,555,239 $554,123,521,012 - $12,895,704,866
1976 $153,168,949,208 $610,960,688,345 - $13,682,282,557
1977 $176,344,101,402 $641,107,493,085 - $14,625,580,176
1978 $200,278,646,124 $672,969,879,570 - $15,712,196,495
1979 $221,338,204,480 $718,459,683,183 - $16,870,286,035
1980 $237,393,489,893 $784,557,974,035 - $17,642,345,728
1981 $258,015,174,749 $751,214,260,139 - $18,571,497,605
1982 $271,314,113,768 $757,449,338,498 - $18,943,381,710
1983 $189,656,506,321 $735,256,072,880 - $19,758,250,885
1984 $188,339,974,087 $774,959,900,815 - $20,830,721,462
1985 $210,879,844,639 $835,794,253,030 - $21,860,010,300
1986 $256,480,852,471 $898,395,242,581 - $20,072,807,510
1987 $283,056,836,894 $930,108,594,645 $7,321,981,334 $20,330,036,656
1988 $307,881,930,752 $929,550,529,488 $8,833,588,173 $21,459,462,456
1989 $412,990,820,287 $958,924,326,220 $8,902,632,715 $19,915,715,326
1990 $384,959,818,182 $917,211,118,029 $7,735,927,264 $16,970,422,996
1991 $342,534,090,909 $926,678,475,666 $6,324,503,311 $13,389,689,057
1992 $328,191,909,882 $921,636,677,089 $3,690,328,964 $7,377,748,823
1993 $368,292,034,381 $967,024,426,396 $2,701,181,331 $5,216,056,134
1994 $525,369,467,296 $1,023,623,112,444 $2,513,867,645 $4,673,678,615
1995 $769,333,050,987 $1,066,858,840,298 $2,693,732,612 $4,795,034,189
1996 $850,426,432,992 $1,090,424,301,690 $3,094,936,177 $5,332,200,118
1997 $883,206,179,730 $1,127,442,527,330 $3,510,520,231 $5,893,190,455
1998 $863,710,759,256 $1,131,254,386,852 $3,613,497,317 $6,075,968,328
1999 $599,642,024,320 $1,136,547,951,100 $2,800,025,883 $6,250,184,305
2000 $655,448,231,984 $1,186,419,100,641 $3,057,475,335 $6,365,211,521
2001 $559,983,634,799 $1,202,909,097,021 $3,219,462,262 $6,671,206,250
2002 $509,795,273,807 $1,239,639,467,498 $3,395,766,678 $7,036,389,740
2003 $558,233,745,652 $1,253,781,634,017 $3,991,377,904 $7,814,405,535
2004 $669,289,424,806 $1,325,999,012,758 $5,125,365,192 $8,267,069,270
2005 $891,633,839,894 $1,368,459,252,278 $6,410,912,050 $9,059,975,320
2006 $1,107,626,541,435 $1,422,677,453,371 $7,745,250,734 $9,913,559,156
2007 $1,397,114,486,369 $1,509,032,133,942 $10,172,931,089 $11,160,245,710
2008 $1,695,855,083,498 $1,585,905,180,197 $12,795,145,131 $11,430,503,828
2009 $1,666,996,438,581 $1,583,909,921,137 $10,766,920,066 $11,013,204,447
2010 $2,208,837,745,101 $1,703,150,236,757 $12,426,907,967 $11,701,134,203
2011 $2,616,156,223,918 $1,770,840,632,844 $15,475,290,469 $12,629,541,567
2012 $2,465,227,802,807 $1,804,861,597,828 $16,894,392,033 $13,460,417,766
2013 $2,472,819,535,557 $1,859,094,488,272 $17,517,660,144 $14,151,325,572
2014 $2,456,043,727,199 $1,868,463,501,662 $17,966,015,109 $14,730,184,214
2015 $1,802,212,206,815 $1,802,212,206,815 $15,223,796,149 $15,223,796,149
2016 $1,795,693,482,853 $1,743,173,232,417 $15,444,548,902 $15,749,049,875
2017 $2,063,514,977,366 $1,766,233,131,667 $16,473,125,375 $16,561,685,511
2018 $1,916,933,898,011 $1,797,736,844,969 $17,902,544,881 $17,565,660,917
2019 $1,873,288,205,060 $1,819,683,217,699 $17,638,337,117 $18,510,819,818
2020 $1,476,107,231,310 $1,760,056,587,795 $16,010,869,216 $17,346,401,921
2021 $1,670,647,398,905 $1,843,881,119,920 $18,853,115,589 $19,192,793,472
2022 $1,951,923,942,083 $1,899,505,377,558 $24,984,568,960 $21,296,041,913
2023 $2,191,131,765,685 $1,961,080,794,856 $30,777,833,601 $22,963,990,777
2024 $2,179,412,080,829 $2,027,676,479,715 $33,776,141,251 $25,129,167,228

Economic indicators

Brazil Georgia
Gross domestic product
$2.18T
2024
$33.8B
2024
GDP rank
10/197
2024
107/197
2024
GDP growth
-0.53%
2023-2024
9.74%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,280
2024
$9,194
2024
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2024
89/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,333
2024
$28,418
2024
Government debt
$1.9T
2024
$12.2B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
92%
2025
35.8%
2025
Government debt per person
$8,973
2024
$3,318
2024
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2024
97/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,664
2025
$6,750
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$659B
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
380,585
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
56
2025
2
2025
Income share by richest 10%
40.8%
2023
26.2%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2023
2.9%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.7%
2025
29.9%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
5.2%
2024-2025
1.11%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
15%
2025
8%
2024
Unemployment rate
6.8%
2024
11.7%
2020
Population
213415080
3672886

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Georgia

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,280, ranking 85/197, compared to $9,194 in Georgia, ranking 89/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 86th at $22,333, while Georgia ranks 74th at $28,418.

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Georgia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Brazil Georgia
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $235.3 - - -
1961 $231.6 - - -
1962 $250.2 - - -
1963 $294.2 - - -
1964 $257.3 - - -
1965 $268 - - -
1966 $328 - - -
1967 $351 - - -
1968 $374 - - -
1969 $399 - - -
1970 $444 - - -
1971 $500 - - -
1972 $583 - - -
1973 $815 - - -
1974 $1,045 - - -
1975 $1,201 - - -
1976 $1,390 - - -
1977 $1,562 - - -
1978 $1,733 - - -
1979 $1,870 - - -
1980 $1,959 - - -
1981 $2,080 - - -
1982 $2,138 - - -
1983 $1,461 - - -
1984 $1,420 - - -
1985 $1,556 - - -
1986 $1,854 - - -
1987 $2,006 - $1,544 -
1988 $2,141 - $1,844 -
1989 $2,819 - $1,853 -
1990 $2,581 $6,688 $1,611 $5,836
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $1,308 $4,727
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $757 $2,643
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $550 $1,898
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $520 $1,764
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $578 $1,919
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $689 $2,253
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $807 $2,616
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $852 $2,795
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $674 $2,977
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $750 $3,161
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $802 $3,441
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $854 $3,719
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $1,010 $4,240
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $1,305 $4,635
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $1,643 $5,272
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $1,996 $5,980
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $2,635 $6,951
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $3,325 $7,279
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $2,823 $7,119
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $3,282 $7,712
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $4,120 $8,564
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $4,531 $10,060
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $4,712 $10,797
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $4,830 $11,771
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $4,087 $12,270
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $4,143 $13,065
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $4,419 $13,719
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $4,804 $15,022
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $4,741 $16,770
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $4,301 $16,791
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $5,084 $18,916
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $6,730 $22,461
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $8,284 $25,072
2024 $10,280 $22,333 $9,194 $28,418

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Brazil's government spending was $991B, accounting for 47.7% of its GDP, while Georgia's spent $10.2B, or 29.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 92% in Brazil and 35.8% in Georgia, ranking 31/185 and 145/185, respectively.

Brazil
Government spending

Government debt
Georgia
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Brazil Georgia
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 13.7% 22.3% - -
1961 12% 25.7% - -
1962 23.1% 23.7% - -
1963 22.8% 20.4% - -
1964 25.4% 22.2% - -
1965 14% 17.6% - -
1966 14.6% 19.6% - -
1967 13.5% 13.8% - -
1968 14.4% 15.8% - -
1969 11.2% 16.5% - -
1970 11.4% 17% - -
1971 11.7% 17.9% - -
1972 12.6% 22.5% - -
1973 11% 22.4% - -
1974 10.5% 25.7% - -
1975 10.7% 27.7% - -
1976 10.6% 31.8% - -
1977 10.4% 31% - -
1978 10.2% 37% - -
1979 9% 36.6% - -
1980 6.8% 39.7% - -
1981 7.8% 34.6% - -
1982 8.1% 32.8% - -
1983 9.7% 51.5% - -
1984 10% 55.8% - -
1985 11.1% 52.6% - -
1986 11.7% 49.4% - -
1987 - 50.3% - -
1988 - 46.9% - -
1989 - 40.2% - -
1990 - 40.6% - -
1991 - 38.1% - -
1992 - 37.1% - -
1993 - 32.6% - -
1994 - 30% - -
1995 - 28% 15.6% 19.8%
1996 38.2% 30.7% 18.4% 38.9%
1997 38.6% 31.8% 21.9% 48.2%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 18.9% 80%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 19.8% 76.5%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 16.9% 58.5%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 16.8% 53%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 16% 50.3%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 16.1% 54.6%
2004 39.7% 68% 18.9% 44.3%
2005 41.9% 67% 21.6% 35.3%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 22.7% 28.3%
2007 40.4% 63% 27.7% 22.5%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 31.8% 26.3%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 34.8% 33.6%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 31% 31.4%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 27.1% 27.7%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 27.7% 28.1%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 26.6% 28.9%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 27.5% 30.3%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 27% 36%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 27.8% 39.5%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 27.2% 38.9%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 26.7% 38.2%
2019 43% 87.1% 28.7% 40%
2020 46.2% 96% 34.1% 59.6%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 31.2% 49.1%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 28.5% 39.2%
2023 45.3% 84% 29.7% 38.9%
2024 45.5% 87.3% 30.3% 36.1%
2025 47.7% 92% 29.9% 35.8%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$144B, equivalent to -6.63% of GDP. This compares to Georgia's deficit of -$775M, or -2.3% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 30 of those years, while Georgia ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to -4.99% of GDP, compared to deficit of -2.16% of GDP for Georgia.

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Georgia
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Georgia
1880 -4.84% -
1881 -1.9% -
1882 -1.58% -
1883 -3.33% -
1884 -3.89% -
1885 -5.71% -
1886 -3.8% -
1887 -0.76% -
1888 0.63% -
1889 -3.79% -
1890 -3.02% -
1891 0.51% -
1892 -2.6% -
1893 -1.77% -
1894 -4.11% -
1895 -1.33% -
1896 -0.79% -
1897 -2.38% -
1898 -14% -
1899 -2.13% -
1900 -5.57% -
1901 -2.46% -
1902 1.59% -
1903 1.79% -
1904 -0.62% -
1905 0.96% -
1906 0.28% -
1907 0.38% -
1908 -1.89% -
1909 -1.62% -
1910 -2.06% -
1911 -2.15% -
1912 -3.05% -
1913 -1.91% -
1914 -7.32% -
1915 -6.33% -
1916 -4.35% -
1917 -4.8% -
1918 -4.51% -
1919 -3.69% -
1920 -3.11% -
1921 -2.98% -
1922 -3.8% -
1923 -1.94% -
1924 -0.45% -
1925 -0.07% -
1926 -0.76% -
1927 0.12% -
1928 0.57% -
1929 -0.09% -
1930 -3.58% -
1931 -1.56% -
1932 -6.47% -
1933 -1.56% -
1934 -2.28% -
1935 -0.5% -
1936 -0.27% -
1937 -1.62% -
1938 -0.59% -
1939 -1.2% -
1940 -1.13% -
1941 -2.15% -
1942 -2.55% -
1943 -0.75% -
1944 -2.37% -
1945 -2.87% -
1946 -1.78% -
1947 0.25% -
1948 0.002% -
1949 -1.22% -
1950 -1.58% -
1951 0.87% -
1952 0.64% -
1953 -1.26% -
1954 -0.49% -
1955 -0.62% -
1956 -0.14% -
1957 -0.29% -
1958 -0.76% -
1959 -0.18% -
1960 -3.85% -
1961 -2.93% -
1962 -6.82% -
1963 -5.78% -
1964 -8.79% -
1965 -2% -
1966 -1.3% -
1967 -2.1% -
1968 -1.6% -
1969 -0.6% -
1970 -0.4% -
1971 -0.3% -
1972 -0.1% -
1973 0.1% -
1974 0.6% -
1975 0% -
1976 0.1% -
1977 0.1% -
1978 -0.1% -
1979 0.4% -
1980 2.5% -
1981 1% -
1982 1.4% -
1983 0.1% -
1984 -0.4% -
1985 -1.3% -
1986 -1.6% -
1987 -1.6% -
1988 -1.6% -
1989 -1.6% -
1990 -1.6% -
1991 -1.6% -
1992 -1.6% -
1993 -1.6% -
1994 -1.6% -
1995 -1.6% -4.89%
1996 -5.35% -5.91%
1997 -5.6% -6.79%
1998 -7.22% -4%
1999 -5.17% -4.72%
2000 -3.32% -1.92%
2001 -3.47% -0.71%
2002 -4.15% -0.19%
2003 -5.4% -0.55%
2004 -2.95% 3.59%
2005 -3.36% 2.14%
2006 -4.87% 3.28%
2007 -2.66% 0.81%
2008 -2.39% -1.92%
2009 -4.23% -6.36%
2010 -3.55% -4.48%
2011 -2.74% -0.81%
2012 -2.35% -0.71%
2013 -3.42% -1.25%
2014 -6.27% -1.78%
2015 -9.28% -1.16%
2016 -7.99% -1.49%
2017 -7.97% -0.45%
2018 -6.99% -0.8%
2019 -4.86% -1.82%
2020 -11.6% -9.16%
2021 -2.63% -5.97%
2022 -3.96% -2.2%
2023 -7.71% -2.33%
2024 -6.63% -2.3%
2025 -8.52% -2.56%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.46%, compared with 6.74% in Georgia. In 2024, inflation was 5.2% in Brazil and 1.11% in Georgia.

Inflation
Brazil

Georgia
Year Inflation
Brazil Georgia Brazil Georgia
1996 15.8% 39.4%
1997 6.9% 7.09%
1998 3.2% 3.57%
1999 4.9% 19.2%
2000 7% 4.06%
2001 6.8% 4.65%
2002 8.4% 5.59%
2003 14.7% 0.84%
2004 6.6% 5.66%
2005 6.9% 8.25%
2006 4.2% 9.16%
2007 3.6% 9.24%
2008 5.7% 10%
2009 4.9% 1.73%
2010 5% 7.11%
2011 6.6% 8.54%
2012 5.4% -0.94%
2013 6.2% -0.51%
2014 6.3% 3.07%
2015 9% 4%
2016 8.7% 2.13%
2017 3.4% 6.04%
2018 3.7% 2.62%
2019 3.7% 4.85%
2020 3.2% 5.2%
2021 8.3% 9.57%
2022 9.3% 11.9%
2023 4.6% 2.49%
2024 4.4% 1.11%
2025 5.2% -

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $256M
Animal & marine products $88.5M
Raw materials & minerals $9.4M
Raw agricultural goods $3.01M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.66M
Machinery & equipment $804K
Chemicals & pharma $791K
Metals $674K
Wood & paper products $389K
Weapons & explosives $76K
Georgia
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $5.17M
Machinery & equipment $2.26M
Transport & tourism services $2.05M
Metals $1.97M
Raw agricultural goods $425K
Chemicals & pharma $280K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $81K
Animal & marine products $1K
Miscellaneous $1K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K

Balance of trade

Brazil Georgia
Current account balance
-$57.9B
2024
-$1.53B
2024
Current account balance ranking
187/189
2024
132/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.66%
2024
-4.53%
2024
Goods imports
$274B
2024
$15.2B
2024
Goods exports
$340B
2024
$8.63B
2024
Service imports
$103B
2024
$3.82B
2024
Service exports
$48.1B
2024
$7.7B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.5%
2024
56%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
18%
2024
48.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Georgia
Economic freedom 55.1 69
Economic freedom ranking 129/197 41/197
Property rights 51.4 62.3
Government integrity 36.4 58.9
Judicial effectiveness 54.2 55.3
Tax burden 74.8 89.1
Government spending 44.3 72.9
Fiscal health 49.6 75.9
Business freedom 66.8 78.1
Labor freedom 57.1 63.5
Monetary freedom 74.4 65.3
Trade freedom 71.6 86.2
Investment freedom 40 60
Financial freedom 40 60

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 55.1, ranking 129/197, compared to 69 for Georgia, ranking 41/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Brazil
Georgia
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Georgia
1995 51.4 -
1996 48.1 44.1
1997 52.6 46.5
1998 52.3 47.9
1999 61.3 52.5
2000 61.1 54.3
2001 61.9 58.3
2002 61.5 56.7
2003 63.4 58.6
2004 62 58.9
2005 61.7 57.1
2006 60.9 64.5
2007 56.2 69.3
2008 56.2 69.2
2009 56.7 69.8
2010 55.6 70.4
2011 56.3 70.4
2012 57.9 69.4
2013 57.7 72.2
2014 56.9 72.6
2015 56.6 73
2016 56.5 72.6
2017 52.9 76
2018 51.4 76.2
2019 51.9 75.9
2020 53.7 77.1
2021 53.4 77.2
2022 53.3 71.8
2023 53.5 68.7
2024 53.2 68.4
2025 55.1 69

More economic indicators

Brazil Georgia
Services, % of GDP
59.3%
2024
62.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
21.3%
2024
19.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.58%
2024
5.42%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.11T
2024
$30.1B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,650
2024
$26,570
2024
Total reserves including gold
$330B
2024
$4.45B
2024
Total reserves ranking
11/177
2024
104/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$44.7B
2024
-$906M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$71.1B
2024
$1.37B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
$462M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
10.7%
2023
12.5%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
9.4%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
16.9%
2024
22.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.