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Economy of Algeria vs Brazil compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Algeria has a GDP of $269B compared to $2.19T for Brazil, ranking 51/197 and 10/197 by economy size, respectively.

Algeria has $129B in government debt (48.1% of GDP), compared to $1.91T (87.3% of GDP) in Brazil.

Algeria vs Brazil GDP by year

Algeria
Brazil
1x
Year GDP, current $
Algeria Brazil
2024 $269,322,281,665 $2,185,821,648,944
2023 $247,923,887,215 $2,191,131,869,706
2022 $225,581,644,703 $1,951,923,832,084
2021 $186,231,205,262 $1,670,647,464,063
2020 $164,873,415,325 $1,476,107,292,152
2019 $193,459,662,091 $1,873,288,158,839
2018 $194,554,483,656 $1,916,933,708,353
2017 $189,880,896,903 $2,063,514,688,806
2016 $180,763,839,522 $1,795,693,265,999
2015 $187,493,855,609 $1,802,211,999,456
2014 $238,942,664,193 $2,456,043,766,032
2013 $229,701,430,292 $2,472,819,362,044
2012 $227,143,746,076 $2,465,228,293,707
2011 $218,331,946,925 $2,616,156,606,579
2010 $177,785,053,940 $2,208,838,108,484
2009 $150,317,292,079 $1,666,996,294,252
2008 $180,383,848,331 $1,695,855,391,758
2007 $142,482,739,810 $1,397,114,247,189
2006 $123,084,258,693 $1,107,626,711,163
2005 $107,046,618,670 $891,633,826,625
2004 $91,913,680,985 $669,289,321,945
2003 $73,482,264,191 $558,233,724,165
2002 $61,516,103,406 $509,795,270,685
2001 $59,413,400,924 $559,983,704,094
2000 $54,790,398,570 $655,448,188,259
1999 $48,640,671,735 $599,642,075,004
1998 $48,187,781,984 $863,711,007,325
1997 $48,177,612,042 $883,206,452,795
1996 $46,941,554,225 $850,426,433,004
1995 $41,764,291,672 $769,333,330,412
1994 $42,543,176,829 $525,369,851,354
1993 $49,945,584,453 $368,295,778,245
1992 $48,003,133,347 $328,187,960,872
1991 $45,715,676,428 $342,609,231,343
1990 $62,048,507,531 $390,725,626,003
1989 $55,634,721,573 $412,990,820,287
1988 $59,089,396,860 $307,881,930,752
1987 $66,745,818,375 $283,056,836,894
1986 $63,692,007,897 $256,480,852,471
1985 $57,937,868,670 $210,879,844,639
1984 $53,698,548,293 $188,339,974,087
1983 $48,801,369,800 $189,656,506,321
1982 $45,207,167,470 $271,314,113,768
1981 $44,348,590,461 $258,015,174,749
1980 $42,345,829,079 $237,393,489,893
1979 $33,243,706,860 $221,338,204,480
1978 $26,364,491,313 $200,278,646,124
1977 $20,972,113,685 $176,344,101,402
1976 $17,728,240,932 $153,168,949,208
1975 $15,557,902,754 $129,203,555,239
1974 $13,209,871,626 $109,794,519,728
1973 $8,707,858,912 $83,592,275,863
1972 $6,766,743,957 $58,434,858,375
1971 $5,077,183,094 $48,869,830,902
1970 $4,863,526,897 $42,327,664,794
1969 $4,257,253,264 $37,171,640,819
1968 $3,852,147,027 $33,930,457,425
1967 $3,370,870,376 $31,086,389,195
1966 $3,039,859,187 $28,283,323,733
1965 $3,136,284,307 $22,465,522,884
1964 $2,909,316,435 $20,963,733,695
1963 $2,702,982,018 $23,287,712,878
1962 $2,001,444,544 $19,231,747,852
1961 $2,434,747,056 $17,275,940,449
1960 $2,723,615,451 $17,030,465,539

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/brazil | CC BY

GDP per capita in Algeria vs Brazil by year

Algeria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Algeria Brazil
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $5,753 $17,621 $10,311 $22,338
2023 $5,370 $16,824 $10,378 $21,176
2022 $4,960 $15,836 $9,281 $19,877
2021 $4,161 $14,497 $7,973 $18,076
2020 $3,744 $12,677 $7,074 $16,102
2019 $4,468 $13,893 $9,030 $16,070
2018 $4,577 $13,727 $9,301 $15,464
2017 $4,555 $13,494 $10,081 $14,559
2016 $4,425 $13,438 $8,836 $14,309
2015 $4,685 $13,807 $8,936 $14,821
2014 $6,095 $14,694 $12,275 $15,827
2013 $5,980 $14,371 $12,459 $15,722
2012 $6,034 $14,441 $12,522 $15,198
2011 $5,916 $14,640 $13,397 $15,212
2010 $4,913 $14,201 $11,403 $14,452
2009 $4,235 $13,651 $8,679 $13,391
2008 $5,181 $13,666 $8,908 $13,445
2007 $4,167 $13,321 $7,410 $12,673
2006 $3,661 $12,791 $5,934 $11,751
2005 $3,233 $12,246 $4,828 $11,081
2004 $2,817 $11,432 $3,664 $10,526
2003 $2,284 $10,803 $3,091 $9,802
2002 $1,937 $10,080 $2,856 $9,617
2001 $1,896 $9,544 $3,176 $9,304
2000 $1,773 $9,187 $3,767 $9,092
1999 $1,596 $8,776 $3,494 $8,635
1998 $1,603 $8,503 $5,106 $8,599
1997 $1,629 $8,129 $5,299 $8,602
1996 $1,617 $8,053 $5,179 $8,301
1995 $1,467 $7,747 $4,757 $8,097
1994 $1,526 $7,463 $3,299 $7,727
1993 $1,831 $7,538 $2,349 $7,260
1992 $1,803 $7,705 $2,127 $6,869
1991 $1,759 $7,582 $2,258 $6,867
1990 $2,445 $7,602 $2,620 $6,688
1989 $2,247 - $2,819 -
1988 $2,451 - $2,141 -
1987 $2,847 - $2,006 -
1986 $2,800 - $1,854 -
1985 $2,633 - $1,556 -
1984 $2,524 - $1,420 -
1983 $2,374 - $1,461 -
1982 $2,275 - $2,138 -
1981 $2,307 - $2,080 -
1980 $2,276 - $1,959 -
1979 $1,843 - $1,870 -
1978 $1,506 - $1,733 -
1977 $1,232 - $1,562 -
1976 $1,080 - $1,390 -
1975 $992 - $1,201 -
1974 $873 - $1,045 -
1973 $590 - $815 -
1972 $469 - $583 -
1971 $360 - $500 -
1970 $353 - $444 -
1969 $316 - $399 -
1968 $292.4 - $374 -
1967 $261.8 - $351 -
1966 $241.4 - $328 -
1965 $253.6 - $268 -
1964 $238.9 - $257.3 -
1963 $225.6 - $294.2 -
1962 $169.6 - $250.2 -
1961 $209.4 - $231.6 -
1960 $238.4 - $235.3 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/brazil | CC BY

Algeria's GDP per capita is $5,753, ranking 114/197, compared to $10,311 in Brazil, ranking 85/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Algeria ranks 105th at $17,621, while Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338.

Economic indicators

Algeria Brazil
Gross domestic product
$269B
2024
$2.19T
2024
GDP rank
51/197
2024
10/197
2024
GDP growth
3.7%
2023-2024
3.42%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$5,753
2024
$10,311
2024
GDP per capita rank
114/197
2024
85/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$17,621
2024
$22,338
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
105/197
2024
88/197
2024
Government debt
$129B
2024
$1.91T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
48.1%
2024
87.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,765
2024
$8,999
2024
Government debt per person rank
106/185
2024
60/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$3,787
2026
$6,263
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$371M
2018
$659B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
433,000
2025
Number of billionaires
1
2025
56
2025
Income share by richest 10%
22.9%
2011
40.8%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
4%
2011
1.3%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
36.8%
2024
45.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.05%
2023-2024
4.4%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
3%
2020
15%
2025
Unemployment rate
12%
2017
6.8%
2024
Population
48222325
213824938

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Algeria
Spending

Debt
Brazil
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Algeria Brazil
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 36.8% 48.1% 45.7% 87.3%
2023 37.4% 47.7% 45.3% 84%
2022 32.7% 48.1% 43.4% 83.9%
2021 32.5% 55.1% 40.4% 88.9%
2020 37.5% 46% 46.2% 96%
2019 37.1% 40.9% 43% 87.1%
2018 36.2% 34.5% 44.2% 84.8%
2017 36.2% 24% 44.3% 82.7%
2016 37.2% 18.1% 45.5% 77.4%
2015 40.9% 7.73% 46.2% 71.7%
2014 36.9% 6.85% 41.4% 61.6%
2013 33.5% 6.48% 39.8% 59.6%
2012 40% 8.58% 39.3% 61.6%
2011 37.7% 8.48% 39.4% 60.6%
2010 35.1% 9.51% 39.5% 62.4%
2009 40.1% 8.92% 40.5% 64.7%
2008 37.3% 7.64% 39.9% 61.4%
2007 33.1% 12.8% 40.4% 63%
2006 27.8% 22.5% 42.6% 64.6%
2005 27.8% 25.4% 41.9% 67%
2004 27.1% 32.7% 39.7% 68%
2003 27% 38.2% 41.3% 71.5%
2002 32.5% 47.3% 44.5% 76.1%
2001 29.1% 50% 39.8% 67.3%
2000 26.4% 53.4% 34.5% 62.2%
1999 29.4% 69.7% 39.6% 44.5%
1998 28.7% 79.9% 40.9% 38.9%
1997 28.5% 79.6% 38.6% 31.8%
1996 26.9% 90.7% 38.2% 30.7%
1995 28.9% 95.9% - 28%
1994 30.9% 106.3% - 30%
1993 32.6% 76.8% - 32.6%
1992 28.2% 69.3% - 37.1%
1991 27.6% 86.1% - 38.1%
1990 23.3% 63.6% - 40.6%
1989 - - - 40.2%
1988 - - - 46.9%
1987 - - - 50.3%
1986 - - 11.7% 49.4%
1985 - - 11.1% 52.6%
1984 - - 10% 55.8%
1983 - - 9.7% 51.5%
1982 - - 8.1% 32.8%
1981 - - 7.8% 34.6%
1980 - - 6.8% 39.7%
1979 - - 9% 36.6%
1978 - - 10.2% 37%
1977 - - 10.4% 31%
1976 - - 10.6% 31.8%
1975 - - 10.7% 27.7%
1974 - - 10.5% 25.7%
1973 - - 11% 22.4%
1972 - - 12.6% 22.5%
1971 - - 11.7% 17.9%
1970 - - 11.4% 17%
1969 - - 11.2% 16.5%
1968 - - 14.4% 15.8%
1967 - - 13.5% 13.8%
1966 - - 14.6% 19.6%
1965 - - 14% 17.6%
1964 - - 25.4% 22.2%
1963 - - 22.8% 20.4%
1962 - - 23.1% 23.7%
1961 - - 12% 25.7%
1960 - - 13.7% 22.3%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/brazil | CC BY

In 2024, Algeria's government spending was $99.1B, accounting for 36.8% of its GDP, while Brazil spent $998B, or 45.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 48.1% in Algeria and 87.3% in Brazil, ranking 113/185 and 38/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Algeria

Brazil
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Algeria Brazil
2024 -13.8% -6.19%
2023 -5.52% -7.71%
2022 -2.96% -3.96%
2021 -6.32% -2.63%
2020 -10.5% -11.6%
2019 -8.51% -4.86%
2018 -6.15% -6.99%
2017 -7.55% -7.97%
2016 -11.8% -7.99%
2015 -13.9% -9.28%
2014 -7.14% -6.27%
2013 -0.79% -3.42%
2012 -4.04% -2.35%
2011 -1.06% -2.74%
2010 -1.35% -3.55%
2009 -6.53% -4.23%
2008 7.79% -2.39%
2007 4.63% -2.66%
2006 12.9% -4.87%
2005 11.4% -3.36%
2004 6.36% -2.95%
2003 7.22% -5.4%
2002 0.21% -4.15%
2001 3.15% -3.47%
2000 8.91% -3.32%
1999 -1.83% -5.17%
1998 -3.52% -7.22%
1997 2.19% -5.6%
1996 2.7% -5.35%
1995 -1.3% -
1994 -4.05% -
1993 -7.79% -
1992 -1.05% -
1991 1.53% -
1990 3.35% -
1989 - -
1988 - -
1987 - -
1986 - -1.6%
1985 - -1.3%
1984 - -0.4%
1983 - 0.1%
1982 - 1.4%
1981 - 1%
1980 - 2.5%
1979 - 0.4%
1978 - -0.1%
1977 - 0.1%
1976 - 0.1%
1975 - 0%
1974 - 0.6%
1973 - 0.1%
1972 - -0.1%
1971 - -0.3%
1970 - -0.4%
1969 - -0.6%
1968 - -1.6%
1967 - -2.1%
1966 - -1.3%
1965 - -2%
1964 - -8.79%
1963 - -5.78%
1962 - -6.82%
1961 - -2.93%
1960 - -3.85%
1959 - -0.18%
1958 - -0.76%
1957 - -0.29%
1956 - -0.14%
1955 - -0.62%
1954 - -0.49%
1953 - -1.26%
1952 - 0.64%
1951 - 0.87%
1950 - -1.58%
1949 - -1.22%
1948 - 0.002%
1947 - 0.25%
1946 - -1.78%
1945 - -2.87%
1944 - -2.37%
1943 - -0.75%
1942 - -2.55%
1941 - -2.15%
1940 - -1.13%
1939 - -1.2%
1938 - -0.59%
1937 - -1.62%
1936 - -0.27%
1935 - -0.5%
1934 - -2.28%
1933 - -1.56%
1932 - -6.47%
1931 - -1.56%
1930 - -3.58%
1929 - -0.09%
1928 - 0.57%
1927 - 0.12%
1926 - -0.76%
1925 - -0.07%
1924 - -0.45%
1923 - -1.94%
1922 - -3.8%
1921 - -2.98%
1920 - -3.11%
1919 - -3.69%
1918 - -4.51%
1917 - -4.8%
1916 - -4.35%
1915 - -6.33%
1914 - -7.32%
1913 - -1.91%
1912 - -3.05%
1911 - -2.15%
1910 - -2.06%
1909 - -1.62%
1908 - -1.89%
1907 - 0.38%
1906 - 0.28%
1905 - 0.96%
1904 - -0.62%
1903 - 1.79%
1902 - 1.59%
1901 - -2.46%
1900 - -5.57%
1899 - -2.13%
1898 - -14%
1897 - -2.38%
1896 - -0.79%
1895 - -1.33%
1894 - -4.11%
1893 - -1.77%
1892 - -2.6%
1891 - 0.51%
1890 - -3.02%
1889 - -3.79%
1888 - 0.63%
1887 - -0.76%
1886 - -3.8%
1885 - -5.71%
1884 - -3.89%
1883 - -3.33%
1882 - -1.58%
1881 - -1.9%
1880 - -4.84%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/brazil | CC BY

In 2024, Algeria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $37.1B, equivalent to 13.8% of GDP. This compares to Brazil's deficit of $135B, or 6.19% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Algeria recorded a fiscal deficit in 22 of those years, while Brazil ran a deficit in 29 years. On average, Algeria posted an annual deficit equal to 1.58% of GDP, compared to deficit of 5.09% of GDP for Brazil.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Algeria

Brazil
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Algeria Brazil
2024 4.05% 4.4%
2023 9.32% 4.6%
2022 9.27% 9.3%
2021 7.23% 8.3%
2020 2.42% 3.2%
2019 1.95% 3.7%
2018 4.27% 3.7%
2017 5.59% 3.4%
2016 6.4% 8.7%
2015 4.78% 9%
2014 2.92% 6.3%
2013 3.25% 6.2%
2012 8.89% 5.4%
2011 4.52% 6.6%
2010 3.91% 5%
2009 5.74% 4.9%
2008 4.86% 5.7%
2007 3.68% 3.6%
2006 2.31% 4.2%
2005 1.38% 6.9%
2004 3.96% 6.6%
2003 4.27% 14.7%
2002 1.42% 8.4%
2001 4.23% 6.8%
2000 0.34% 7%
1999 2.65% 4.9%
1998 4.95% 3.2%
1997 5.73% 6.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/brazil | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Algeria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.44%, compared with 6.13% in Brazil. In 2024, inflation was 4.05% in Algeria and 4.4% in Brazil.

Top exports between countries

Algeria
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $2.13B
Machinery & equipment $1K
Brazil
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.16B
Raw agricultural goods $874M
Animal & marine products $233M
Raw materials & minerals $229M
Metals $20.9M
Textiles & consumer goods $16.4M
Machinery & equipment $14.5M
Weapons & explosives $7.63M
Wood & paper products $4.32M
Chemicals & pharma $3.82M

Balance of trade

Algeria Brazil
Current account balance
-$2.75B
2024
-$66.2B
2024
Current account balance ranking
154/190
2024
188/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.02%
2024
-3.03%
2024
Goods imports
$45.3B
2024
$274B
2024
Goods exports
$48.8B
2024
$340B
2024
Service imports
$9.13B
2024
$103B
2024
Service exports
$4.22B
2024
$48.1B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
20.3%
2024
17.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
19.9%
2024
17.9%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Algeria Brazil
Economic freedom 45.8 52.4
Economic freedom ranking 179/197 148/197
Property rights 27.7 49.2
Government integrity 29.4 37.2
Judicial effectiveness 30 55.6
Tax burden 80.3 70.6
Government spending 61.9 39.8
Fiscal health 15.4 28
Business freedom 59.3 65.7
Labor freedom 52.2 57
Monetary freedom 74.7 76
Trade freedom 58.8 69
Investment freedom 30 40
Financial freedom 30 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Algeria
Brazil
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Algeria Brazil
2026 45.8 52.4
2025 47.5 55.1
2024 43.9 53.2
2023 43.2 53.5
2022 45.8 53.3
2021 49.7 53.4
2020 46.9 53.7
2019 46.2 51.9
2018 44.7 51.4
2017 46.5 52.9
2016 50.1 56.5
2015 48.9 56.6
2014 50.8 56.9
2013 49.6 57.7
2012 51 57.9
2011 52.4 56.3
2010 56.9 55.6
2009 56.6 56.7
2008 56.2 56.2
2007 55.4 56.2
2006 55.7 60.9
2005 53.2 61.7
2004 58.1 62
2003 57.7 63.4
2002 61 61.5
2001 57.3 61.9
2000 56.8 61.1
1999 57.2 61.3
1998 55.8 52.3
1997 54.9 52.6
1996 54.5 48.1
1995 55.7 51.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/brazil | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Algeria is 45.8, ranking 179/197, compared to 52.4 for Brazil, ranking 148/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Algeria Brazil
Services, % of GDP
46.8%
2024
59.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
36.2%
2024
20.9%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
14%
2024
5.75%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$252B
2024
$2.11T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$17,290
2024
$21,590
2024
Total reserves including gold
$83B
2024
$330B
2024
Total reserves ranking
31/177
2024
11/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.23B
2024
-$47.8B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.23B
2024
$74.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$265K
2024
$26.3B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
0.17%
2024
5.4%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
5.5%
2011
4.2%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
41.1%
2024
17%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/brazil | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2017–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.