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Economy of Brazil vs Jordan compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Brazil has a GDP of $2.19T compared to $53.4B for Jordan, ranking 10/197 and 90/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $1.91T in government debt (87.3% of GDP), compared to $48.1B (90.2% of GDP) in Jordan.

Brazil vs Jordan GDP by year

Brazil
Jordan
1x
Year GDP, current $
Brazil Jordan
2024 $2,185,821,648,944 $53,352,289,577
2023 $2,191,131,869,706 $51,088,476,338
2022 $1,951,923,832,084 $48,764,963,380
2021 $1,670,647,464,063 $46,296,100,141
2020 $1,476,107,292,152 $43,700,383,099
2019 $1,873,288,158,839 $44,503,006,338
2018 $1,916,933,708,353 $43,370,860,704
2017 $2,063,514,688,806 $41,608,435,915
2016 $1,795,693,265,999 $39,892,551,127
2015 $1,802,211,999,456 $38,587,017,887
2014 $2,456,043,766,032 $36,847,643,521
2013 $2,472,819,362,044 $34,454,440,141
2012 $2,465,228,293,707 $31,634,561,690
2011 $2,616,156,606,579 $29,524,149,155
2010 $2,208,838,108,484 $27,133,804,225
2009 $1,666,996,294,252 $24,537,876,056
2008 $1,695,855,391,758 $22,658,715,989
2007 $1,397,114,247,189 $17,110,437,236
2006 $1,107,626,711,163 $15,056,981,664
2005 $891,633,826,625 $12,588,998,590
2004 $669,289,321,945 $11,411,706,629
2003 $558,233,724,165 $10,195,627,645
2002 $509,795,270,685 $9,582,510,578
2001 $559,983,704,094 $8,975,814,653
2000 $655,448,188,259 $8,460,789,845
1999 $599,642,075,004 $8,149,929,478
1998 $863,711,007,325 $7,912,270,804
1997 $883,206,452,795 $7,245,839,210
1996 $850,426,433,004 $6,927,503,526
1995 $769,333,330,412 $6,727,597,032
1994 $525,369,851,354 $6,236,295,978
1993 $368,295,778,245 $5,606,400,222
1992 $328,187,960,872 $5,310,833,194
1991 $342,609,231,343 $4,344,467,193
1990 $390,725,626,003 $4,160,087,508
1989 $412,990,820,287 $4,221,373,674
1988 $307,881,930,752 $6,277,451,829
1987 $283,056,836,894 $6,756,209,762
1986 $256,480,852,471 $6,402,050,485
1985 $210,879,844,639 $4,993,601,520
1984 $188,339,974,087 $4,967,162,160
1983 $189,656,506,321 $4,920,692,191
1982 $271,314,113,768 $4,681,240,993
1981 $258,015,174,749 $4,383,944,703
1980 $237,393,489,893 $3,910,044,474
1979 $221,338,204,480 $3,271,368,781
1978 $200,278,646,124 $2,602,208,589
1977 $176,344,101,402 $2,096,778,602
1976 $153,168,949,208 $1,708,521,219
1975 $129,203,555,239 $1,363,073,498
1974 $109,794,519,728 $1,197,483,949
1973 $83,592,275,863 $943,783,840
1972 $58,434,858,375 $788,479,685
1971 $48,869,830,902 $678,159,729
1970 $42,327,664,794 $639,519,744
1969 $37,171,640,819 $698,879,720
1968 $33,930,457,425 $561,119,776
1967 $31,086,389,195 $631,679,747
1966 $28,283,323,733 $657,999,737
1965 $22,465,522,884 $599,759,760
1964 $20,963,733,695 -
1963 $23,287,712,878 -
1962 $19,231,747,852 -
1961 $17,275,940,449 -
1960 $17,030,465,539 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/jordan | CC BY

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Jordan by year

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Jordan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Brazil Jordan
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $10,311 $22,338 $4,618 $10,821
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $4,466 $10,412
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $4,332 $9,927
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $4,183 $9,182
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $4,022 $9,579
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $4,170 $9,429
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $4,145 $9,042
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $4,066 $9,266
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $3,987 $8,748
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $4,043 $8,967
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $4,191 $9,145
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $4,311 $9,817
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $4,170 $9,739
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $3,947 $9,632
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $3,718 $9,417
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $3,436 $9,291
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $3,242 $8,983
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $2,506 $8,416
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $2,343 $8,046
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $2,088 $7,697
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $1,940 $7,074
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $1,776 $6,500
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $1,706 $6,256
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $1,632 $5,948
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $1,571 $5,641
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $1,545 $5,402
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $1,532 $5,264
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $1,436 $5,171
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $1,410 $5,055
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $1,416 $5,027
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $1,367 $4,830
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $1,289 $4,726
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $1,287 $4,654
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $1,110 $4,195
1990 $2,620 $6,688 $1,149 $4,317
1989 $2,819 - $1,260 -
1988 $2,141 - $1,966 -
1987 $2,006 - $2,217 -
1986 $1,854 - $2,200 -
1985 $1,556 - $1,797 -
1984 $1,420 - $1,871 -
1983 $1,461 - $1,939 -
1982 $2,138 - $1,929 -
1981 $2,080 - $1,885 -
1980 $1,959 - $1,750 -
1979 $1,870 - $1,519 -
1978 $1,733 - $1,249 -
1977 $1,562 - $1,039 -
1976 $1,390 - $873 -
1975 $1,201 - $718 -
1974 $1,045 - $651 -
1973 $815 - $531 -
1972 $583 - $460 -
1971 $500 - $412 -
1970 $444 - $409 -
1969 $399 - $474 -
1968 $374 - $409 -
1967 $351 - $497 -
1966 $328 - $558 -
1965 $268 - $546 -
1964 $257.3 - - -
1963 $294.2 - - -
1962 $250.2 - - -
1961 $231.6 - - -
1960 $235.3 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/jordan | CC BY

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,311, ranking 85/197, compared to $4,618 in Jordan, ranking 123/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338, while Jordan ranks 131st at $10,821.

Economic indicators

Brazil Jordan
Gross domestic product
$2.19T
2024
$53.4B
2024
GDP rank
10/197
2024
90/197
2024
GDP growth
3.42%
2023-2024
2.49%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,311
2024
$4,618
2024
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2024
123/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,338
2024
$10,821
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
88/197
2024
131/197
2024
Government debt
$1.91T
2024
$48.1B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
87.3%
2024
90.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$8,999
2024
$4,167
2024
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2024
91/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,263
2026
$4,787
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$659B
2024
$24.9B
2024
Number of millionaires
433,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
56
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
40.8%
2023
27.4%
2010
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2023
3.5%
2010
Government expenditure, % of GDP
45.7%
2024
33%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.4%
2023-2024
1.56%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
15%
2025
5.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.8%
2024
16.6%
2023
Population
213824938
11555022

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Brazil
Spending

Debt
Jordan
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Brazil Jordan
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 45.7% 87.3% 33% 90.2%
2023 45.3% 84% 32.9% 89%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 33.3% 88.6%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 34.1% 87.6%
2020 46.2% 96% 33.7% 104.5%
2019 43% 87.1% 32.4% 92.9%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 32% 87.4%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 29.6% 86.1%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 29.8% 85%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 31.7% 83.4%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 39.2% 78.6%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 36.4% 78.1%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 32.2% 73.8%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 27.4% 63.9%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 29.8% 59.5%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 35.9% 55.5%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 35.8% 53.2%
2007 40.4% 63% 37.7% 64.4%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 34.7% 65.6%
2005 41.9% 67% 37.3% 80.5%
2004 39.7% 68% 36.6% 86%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 36% 94.6%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 32.9% 91.3%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 32.1% 89.7%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 33.1% 85.6%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 32.7% 98.1%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 34.9% 99.8%
1997 38.6% 31.8% 33.9% 98.1%
1996 38.2% 30.7% 36.2% 104.9%
1995 - 28% 35.5% 106.1%
1994 - 30% 34.3% 116.2%
1993 - 32.6% 36.4% 126.6%
1992 - 37.1% 35.5% 139.6%
1991 - 38.1% 44.9% 187%
1990 - 40.6% 44% 204.8%
1989 - 40.2% 42.5% 195.4%
1988 - 46.9% 44.3% 129.3%
1987 - 50.3% 42.1% 101.9%
1986 11.7% 49.4% 33.8% 84.3%
1985 11.1% 52.6% 42.4% 85.2%
1984 10% 55.8% - -
1983 9.7% 51.5% - -
1982 8.1% 32.8% - -
1981 7.8% 34.6% - -
1980 6.8% 39.7% - -
1979 9% 36.6% - -
1978 10.2% 37% - -
1977 10.4% 31% - -
1976 10.6% 31.8% - -
1975 10.7% 27.7% - -
1974 10.5% 25.7% - -
1973 11% 22.4% - -
1972 12.6% 22.5% - -
1971 11.7% 17.9% - -
1970 11.4% 17% - -
1969 11.2% 16.5% - -
1968 14.4% 15.8% - -
1967 13.5% 13.8% - -
1966 14.6% 19.6% - -
1965 14% 17.6% - -
1964 25.4% 22.2% - -
1963 22.8% 20.4% - -
1962 23.1% 23.7% - -
1961 12% 25.7% - -
1960 13.7% 22.3% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/jordan | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government spending was $998B, accounting for 45.7% of its GDP, while Jordan spent $17.6B, or 33% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 87.3% in Brazil and 90.2% in Jordan, ranking 38/185 and 32/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Jordan
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Jordan
2024 -6.19% -7.33%
2023 -7.71% -6.89%
2022 -3.96% -6.8%
2021 -2.63% -8.45%
2020 -11.6% -10.1%
2019 -4.86% -7.19%
2018 -6.99% -5.78%
2017 -7.97% -3.61%
2016 -7.99% -3.71%
2015 -9.28% -7.1%
2014 -6.27% -15.5%
2013 -3.42% -16.1%
2012 -2.35% -13.8%
2011 -2.74% -5.61%
2010 -3.55% -5.43%
2009 -4.23% -8.66%
2008 -2.39% -5.38%
2007 -2.66% -5.45%
2006 -4.87% -3.82%
2005 -3.36% -5.36%
2004 -2.95% -1.09%
2003 -5.4% -2.52%
2002 -4.15% -4.44%
2001 -3.47% -2.77%
2000 -3.32% -3.99%
1999 -5.17% -2.69%
1998 -7.22% -5.4%
1997 -5.6% -2.97%
1996 -5.35% -3.25%
1995 - -1.72%
1994 - -2.3%
1993 - -2.14%
1992 - 1.87%
1991 - -10.2%
1990 - -7.45%
1989 - -6.89%
1988 - -13%
1987 - -13.4%
1986 -1.6% -2.39%
1985 -1.3% -6.9%
1984 -0.4% -
1983 0.1% -
1982 1.4% -
1981 1% -
1980 2.5% -
1979 0.4% -
1978 -0.1% -
1977 0.1% -
1976 0.1% -
1975 0% -
1974 0.6% -
1973 0.1% -
1972 -0.1% -
1971 -0.3% -
1970 -0.4% -
1969 -0.6% -
1968 -1.6% -
1967 -2.1% -
1966 -1.3% -
1965 -2% -
1964 -8.79% -
1963 -5.78% -
1962 -6.82% -
1961 -2.93% -
1960 -3.85% -
1959 -0.18% -
1958 -0.76% -
1957 -0.29% -
1956 -0.14% -
1955 -0.62% -
1954 -0.49% -
1953 -1.26% -
1952 0.64% -
1951 0.87% -
1950 -1.58% -
1949 -1.22% -
1948 0.002% -
1947 0.25% -
1946 -1.78% -
1945 -2.87% -
1944 -2.37% -
1943 -0.75% -
1942 -2.55% -
1941 -2.15% -
1940 -1.13% -
1939 -1.2% -
1938 -0.59% -
1937 -1.62% -
1936 -0.27% -
1935 -0.5% -
1934 -2.28% -
1933 -1.56% -
1932 -6.47% -
1931 -1.56% -
1930 -3.58% -
1929 -0.09% -
1928 0.57% -
1927 0.12% -
1926 -0.76% -
1925 -0.07% -
1924 -0.45% -
1923 -1.94% -
1922 -3.8% -
1921 -2.98% -
1920 -3.11% -
1919 -3.69% -
1918 -4.51% -
1917 -4.8% -
1916 -4.35% -
1915 -6.33% -
1914 -7.32% -
1913 -1.91% -
1912 -3.05% -
1911 -2.15% -
1910 -2.06% -
1909 -1.62% -
1908 -1.89% -
1907 0.38% -
1906 0.28% -
1905 0.96% -
1904 -0.62% -
1903 1.79% -
1902 1.59% -
1901 -2.46% -
1900 -5.57% -
1899 -2.13% -
1898 -14% -
1897 -2.38% -
1896 -0.79% -
1895 -1.33% -
1894 -4.11% -
1893 -1.77% -
1892 -2.6% -
1891 0.51% -
1890 -3.02% -
1889 -3.79% -
1888 0.63% -
1887 -0.76% -
1886 -3.8% -
1885 -5.71% -
1884 -3.89% -
1883 -3.33% -
1882 -1.58% -
1881 -1.9% -
1880 -4.84% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/jordan | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $135B, equivalent to 6.19% of GDP. This compares to Jordan's deficit of $3.91B, or 7.33% of GDP.

Over the past 40 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while Jordan ran a deficit in 39 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to 4.86% of GDP, compared to deficit of 6.14% of GDP for Jordan.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Brazil

Jordan
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Brazil Jordan
2024 4.4% 1.56%
2023 4.6% 2.08%
2022 9.3% 4.23%
2021 8.3% 1.35%
2020 3.2% 0.33%
2019 3.7% 0.76%
2018 3.7% 4.46%
2017 3.4% 3.32%
2016 8.7% -0.78%
2015 9% -0.88%
2014 6.3% 2.9%
2013 6.2% 4.82%
2012 5.4% 4.52%
2011 6.6% 4.16%
2010 5% 4.85%
2009 4.9% -0.74%
2008 5.7% 14%
2007 3.6% 4.74%
2006 4.2% 6.25%
2005 6.9% 3.49%
2004 6.6% 3.36%
2003 14.7% 1.63%
2002 8.4% 1.83%
2001 6.8% 1.77%
2000 7% 0.67%
1999 4.9% 0.61%
1998 3.2% 3.09%
1997 6.9% 3.04%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/jordan | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.13%, compared with 2.91% in Jordan. In 2024, inflation was 4.4% in Brazil and 1.56% in Jordan.

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $262M
Raw agricultural goods $181M
Wood & paper products $50.6M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $34.2M
Chemicals & pharma $6.16M
Machinery & equipment $4.03M
Textiles & consumer goods $878K
Raw materials & minerals $780K
Metals $162K
Weapons & explosives $87K
Jordan
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $113M
Raw agricultural goods $7.29M
Chemicals & pharma $911K
Machinery & equipment $872K
Textiles & consumer goods $613K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $108K
Animal & marine products $98K
Wood & paper products $31K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K

Balance of trade

Brazil Jordan
Current account balance
-$66.2B
2024
-$3.13B
2024
Current account balance ranking
188/190
2024
158/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.03%
2024
-5.86%
2024
Goods imports
$274B
2024
$23.9B
2024
Goods exports
$340B
2024
$13.3B
2024
Service imports
$103B
2024
$6.5B
2024
Service exports
$48.1B
2024
$9.45B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.6%
2024
57.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.9%
2024
42.6%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Jordan
Economic freedom 52.4 59.3
Economic freedom ranking 148/197 104/197
Property rights 49.2 52.3
Government integrity 37.2 51
Judicial effectiveness 55.6 44
Tax burden 70.6 84.1
Government spending 39.8 67.2
Fiscal health 28 5.2
Business freedom 65.7 62.7
Labor freedom 57 51.3
Monetary freedom 76 81.2
Trade freedom 69 82
Investment freedom 40 70
Financial freedom 40 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Brazil
Jordan
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Jordan
2026 52.4 59.3
2025 55.1 59.4
2024 53.2 58.3
2023 53.5 58.8
2022 53.3 60.1
2021 53.4 64.6
2020 53.7 66
2019 51.9 66.5
2018 51.4 64.9
2017 52.9 66.7
2016 56.5 68.3
2015 56.6 69.3
2014 56.9 69.2
2013 57.7 70.4
2012 57.9 69.9
2011 56.3 68.9
2010 55.6 66.1
2009 56.7 65.4
2008 56.2 64.1
2007 56.2 64.5
2006 60.9 63.7
2005 61.7 66.7
2004 62 66.1
2003 63.4 65.3
2002 61.5 66.2
2001 61.9 68.3
2000 61.1 67.5
1999 61.3 67.4
1998 52.3 66.8
1997 52.6 63.6
1996 48.1 60.8
1995 51.4 62.7

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/jordan | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 52.4, ranking 148/197, compared to 59.3 for Jordan, ranking 104/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Brazil Jordan
Services, % of GDP
59.2%
2024
60.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.9%
2024
25.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.75%
2024
5.07%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.11T
2024
$51.2B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,590
2024
$10,570
2024
Total reserves including gold
$330B
2024
$21.9B
2024
Total reserves ranking
11/177
2024
60/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$47.8B
2024
-$1.58B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$74.1B
2024
$1.63B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
$54.1M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.4%
2024
8.64%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
14.2%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17%
2024
25.2%
2021

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/jordan | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  8. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  9. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.