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Economy of Brazil vs Morocco compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Brazil has a GDP of $2.19T compared to $161B for Morocco, ranking 10/197 and 58/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $1.91T in government debt (87.3% of GDP), compared to $109B (67.7% of GDP) in Morocco.

Brazil vs Morocco GDP by year

Brazil
Morocco
1x
Year GDP, current $
Brazil Morocco
2024 $2,185,821,648,944 $160,610,994,055
2023 $2,191,131,869,706 $146,036,093,667
2022 $1,951,923,832,084 $131,245,312,804
2021 $1,670,647,464,063 $142,022,058,447
2020 $1,476,107,292,152 $121,353,645,057
2019 $1,873,288,158,839 $128,920,266,409
2018 $1,916,933,708,353 $127,341,147,582
2017 $2,063,514,688,806 $118,540,573,368
2016 $1,795,693,265,999 $111,572,947,005
2015 $1,802,211,999,456 $110,413,823,842
2014 $2,456,043,766,032 $119,130,841,412
2013 $2,472,819,362,044 $115,739,287,305
2012 $2,465,228,293,707 $106,937,392,311
2011 $2,616,156,606,579 $110,080,631,332
2010 $2,208,838,108,484 $100,865,329,473
2009 $1,666,996,294,252 $101,154,952,241
2008 $1,695,855,391,758 $101,822,906,949
2007 $1,397,114,247,189 $86,947,913,287
2006 $1,107,626,711,163 $75,883,823,301
2005 $891,633,826,625 $68,852,658,069
2004 $669,289,321,945 $66,114,145,451
2003 $558,233,724,165 $58,029,363,354
2002 $509,795,270,685 $47,077,192,188
2001 $559,983,704,094 $43,831,480,208
2000 $655,448,188,259 $43,017,455,402
1999 $599,642,075,004 $46,266,428,648
1998 $863,711,007,325 $46,497,608,725
1997 $883,206,452,795 $39,147,844,526
1996 $850,426,433,004 $43,161,571,528
1995 $769,333,330,412 $39,030,285,468
1994 $525,369,851,354 $35,604,137,423
1993 $368,295,778,245 $31,655,473,664
1992 $328,187,960,872 $33,711,069,431
1991 $342,609,231,343 $32,285,573,574
1990 $390,725,626,003 $30,179,954,775
1989 $412,990,820,287 $26,314,313,191
1988 $307,881,930,752 $25,705,296,184
1987 $283,056,836,894 $21,765,195,948
1986 $256,480,852,471 $19,462,085,540
1985 $210,879,844,639 $14,991,283,216
1984 $188,339,974,087 $14,824,667,954
1983 $189,656,506,321 $16,251,408,128
1982 $271,314,113,768 $17,692,276,734
1981 $258,015,174,749 $17,788,185,479
1980 $237,393,489,893 $21,728,516,153
1979 $221,338,204,480 $15,911,994,817
1978 $200,278,646,124 $13,236,946,234
1977 $176,344,101,402 $11,049,783,872
1976 $153,168,949,208 $9,584,297,284
1975 $129,203,555,239 $8,984,853,005
1974 $109,794,519,728 $7,675,466,449
1973 $83,592,275,863 $6,242,145,880
1972 $58,434,858,375 $5,074,117,545
1971 $48,869,830,902 $4,356,669,034
1970 $42,327,664,794 $3,956,336,244
1969 $37,171,640,819 $3,651,622,669
1968 $33,930,457,425 $3,271,422,333
1967 $31,086,389,195 $3,046,345,314
1966 $28,283,323,733 $2,876,401,297
1965 $22,465,522,884 $2,948,331,090
1964 $20,963,733,695 $2,798,345,299
1963 $23,287,712,878 $2,657,252,578
1962 $19,231,747,852 $2,379,611,125
1961 $17,275,940,449 $2,025,693,540
1960 $17,030,465,539 $2,037,154,742

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/morocco | CC BY

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Morocco by year

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Morocco
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Brazil Morocco
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $10,311 $22,338 $4,218 $10,415
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $3,872 $9,895
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $3,516 $9,310
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $3,843 $8,623
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $3,317 $7,705
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $3,560 $8,046
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $3,553 $7,801
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $3,344 $8,115
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $3,186 $7,853
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $3,190 $7,799
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $3,483 $7,237
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $3,425 $7,542
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $3,206 $7,308
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $3,345 $7,274
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $3,107 $6,849
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $3,158 $6,629
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $3,222 $6,437
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $2,788 $6,058
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $2,466 $5,781
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $2,268 $5,275
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $2,207 $5,025
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $1,962 $4,741
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $1,612 $4,436
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $1,521 $4,269
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $1,513 $3,930
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $1,651 $3,801
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $1,683 $3,740
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $1,439 $3,502
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $1,610 $3,551
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $1,478 $3,152
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $1,369 $3,315
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $1,236 $2,979
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $1,337 $2,979
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $1,302 $3,025
1990 $2,620 $6,688 $1,238 $2,777
1989 $2,819 - $1,099 -
1988 $2,141 - $1,094 -
1987 $2,006 - $944 -
1986 $1,854 - $861 -
1985 $1,556 - $678 -
1984 $1,420 - $687 -
1983 $1,461 - $772 -
1982 $2,138 - $862 -
1981 $2,080 - $890 -
1980 $1,959 - $1,117 -
1979 $1,870 - $839 -
1978 $1,733 - $716 -
1977 $1,562 - $613 -
1976 $1,390 - $545 -
1975 $1,201 - $524 -
1974 $1,045 - $459 -
1973 $815 - $382 -
1972 $583 - $319 -
1971 $500 - $280.6 -
1970 $444 - $261.5 -
1969 $399 - $247.8 -
1968 $374 - $228 -
1967 $351 - $218.1 -
1966 $328 - $211.5 -
1965 $268 - $222.7 -
1964 $257.3 - $216.9 -
1963 $294.2 - $211.3 -
1962 $250.2 - $194.2 -
1961 $231.6 - $169.8 -
1960 $235.3 - $175.2 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/morocco | CC BY

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,311, ranking 85/197, compared to $4,218 in Morocco, ranking 127/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338, while Morocco ranks 132nd at $10,415.

Economic indicators

Brazil Morocco
Gross domestic product
$2.19T
2024
$161B
2024
GDP rank
10/197
2024
58/197
2024
GDP growth
3.42%
2023-2024
3.79%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,311
2024
$4,218
2024
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2024
127/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,338
2024
$10,415
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
88/197
2024
132/197
2024
Government debt
$1.91T
2024
$109B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
87.3%
2024
67.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$8,999
2024
$2,857
2024
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2024
104/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,263
2026
$5,678
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$659B
2024
$74.5B
2024
Number of millionaires
433,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
56
2025
3
2025
Income share by richest 10%
40.8%
2023
31.9%
2013
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2023
2.7%
2013
Government expenditure, % of GDP
45.7%
2024
33%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.4%
2023-2024
0.99%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
15%
2025
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.8%
2024
11.8%
2022
Population
213824938
38871720

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Brazil
Spending

Debt
Morocco
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Brazil Morocco
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 45.7% 87.3% 33% 67.7%
2023 45.3% 84% 32% 68.7%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 33.7% 71.4%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 31% 69.4%
2020 46.2% 96% 34.1% 72.2%
2019 43% 87.1% 27.6% 60.3%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 27.8% 60.5%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 27.9% 60.3%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 28.6% 60.1%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 28.5% 58.4%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 30.7% 58.6%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 30.4% 57.1%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 32.5% 52.3%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 31.2% 48.6%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 28.7% 45.3%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 28.1% 42.6%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 28.3% 42%
2007 40.4% 63% 26.4% 47.1%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 26% 50.6%
2005 41.9% 67% 28.6% 54.8%
2004 39.7% 68% 24.5% 54.4%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 24.1% 56.9%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 25.8% 59.4%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 23.7% 60.4%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 22.8% 64.9%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 18.4% 63.4%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 18.7% 64.5%
1997 38.6% 31.8% 18.6% 68%
1996 38.2% 30.7% 17.6% 65.3%
1995 - 28% 21.3% 72.2%
1994 - 30% 21.7% 69.3%
1993 - 32.6% 23.1% 74.7%
1992 - 37.1% 22.3% 67%
1991 - 38.1% 20.8% 59.1%
1990 - 40.6% 22.6% 70.5%
1989 - 40.2% - -
1988 - 46.9% - -
1987 - 50.3% - -
1986 11.7% 49.4% - -
1985 11.1% 52.6% - -
1984 10% 55.8% - -
1983 9.7% 51.5% - -
1982 8.1% 32.8% - -
1981 7.8% 34.6% - -
1980 6.8% 39.7% - -
1979 9% 36.6% - -
1978 10.2% 37% - -
1977 10.4% 31% - -
1976 10.6% 31.8% - -
1975 10.7% 27.7% - -
1974 10.5% 25.7% - -
1973 11% 22.4% - -
1972 12.6% 22.5% - -
1971 11.7% 17.9% - -
1970 11.4% 17% - -
1969 11.2% 16.5% - -
1968 14.4% 15.8% - -
1967 13.5% 13.8% - -
1966 14.6% 19.6% - -
1965 14% 17.6% - -
1964 25.4% 22.2% - -
1963 22.8% 20.4% - -
1962 23.1% 23.7% - -
1961 12% 25.7% - -
1960 13.7% 22.3% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/morocco | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government spending was $998B, accounting for 45.7% of its GDP, while Morocco spent $53.1B, or 33% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 87.3% in Brazil and 67.7% in Morocco, ranking 38/185 and 60/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Morocco
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Morocco
2024 -6.19% -3.92%
2023 -7.71% -4.41%
2022 -3.96% -5.37%
2021 -2.63% -5.92%
2020 -11.6% -7.15%
2019 -4.86% -3.8%
2018 -6.99% -3.52%
2017 -7.97% -3.3%
2016 -7.99% -4.49%
2015 -9.28% -4.59%
2014 -6.27% -4.78%
2013 -3.42% -4.7%
2012 -2.35% -6.63%
2011 -2.74% -6.08%
2010 -3.55% -3.93%
2009 -4.23% -1.63%
2008 -2.39% 0.63%
2007 -2.66% -0.12%
2006 -4.87% -1.8%
2005 -3.36% -5.46%
2004 -2.95% -3.31%
2003 -5.4% -3.74%
2002 -4.15% -4.37%
2001 -3.47% -3.79%
2000 -3.32% -1.97%
1999 -5.17% 3.21%
1998 -7.22% 1.47%
1997 -5.6% 1.5%
1996 -5.35% 0.87%
1995 - -2.54%
1994 - -2.51%
1993 - -2%
1992 - -1.84%
1991 - -0.9%
1990 - -1.32%
1989 - -
1988 - -
1987 - -
1986 -1.6% -
1985 -1.3% -
1984 -0.4% -
1983 0.1% -
1982 1.4% -
1981 1% -
1980 2.5% -
1979 0.4% -
1978 -0.1% -
1977 0.1% -
1976 0.1% -
1975 0% -
1974 0.6% -
1973 0.1% -
1972 -0.1% -
1971 -0.3% -
1970 -0.4% -
1969 -0.6% -
1968 -1.6% -
1967 -2.1% -
1966 -1.3% -
1965 -2% -
1964 -8.79% -
1963 -5.78% -
1962 -6.82% -
1961 -2.93% -
1960 -3.85% -
1959 -0.18% -
1958 -0.76% -
1957 -0.29% -
1956 -0.14% -
1955 -0.62% -
1954 -0.49% -
1953 -1.26% -
1952 0.64% -
1951 0.87% -
1950 -1.58% -
1949 -1.22% -
1948 0.002% -
1947 0.25% -
1946 -1.78% -
1945 -2.87% -
1944 -2.37% -
1943 -0.75% -
1942 -2.55% -
1941 -2.15% -
1940 -1.13% -
1939 -1.2% -
1938 -0.59% -
1937 -1.62% -
1936 -0.27% -
1935 -0.5% -
1934 -2.28% -
1933 -1.56% -
1932 -6.47% -
1931 -1.56% -
1930 -3.58% -
1929 -0.09% -
1928 0.57% -
1927 0.12% -
1926 -0.76% -
1925 -0.07% -
1924 -0.45% -
1923 -1.94% -
1922 -3.8% -
1921 -2.98% -
1920 -3.11% -
1919 -3.69% -
1918 -4.51% -
1917 -4.8% -
1916 -4.35% -
1915 -6.33% -
1914 -7.32% -
1913 -1.91% -
1912 -3.05% -
1911 -2.15% -
1910 -2.06% -
1909 -1.62% -
1908 -1.89% -
1907 0.38% -
1906 0.28% -
1905 0.96% -
1904 -0.62% -
1903 1.79% -
1902 1.59% -
1901 -2.46% -
1900 -5.57% -
1899 -2.13% -
1898 -14% -
1897 -2.38% -
1896 -0.79% -
1895 -1.33% -
1894 -4.11% -
1893 -1.77% -
1892 -2.6% -
1891 0.51% -
1890 -3.02% -
1889 -3.79% -
1888 0.63% -
1887 -0.76% -
1886 -3.8% -
1885 -5.71% -
1884 -3.89% -
1883 -3.33% -
1882 -1.58% -
1881 -1.9% -
1880 -4.84% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/morocco | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $135B, equivalent to 6.19% of GDP. This compares to Morocco's deficit of $6.3B, or 3.92% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 29 of those years, while Morocco ran a deficit in 30 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to 5.09% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.92% of GDP for Morocco.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Brazil

Morocco
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Brazil Morocco
2024 4.4% 0.99%
2023 4.6% 6.09%
2022 9.3% 6.66%
2021 8.3% 1.4%
2020 3.2% 0.71%
2019 3.7% 0.3%
2018 3.7% 1.8%
2017 3.4% 0.75%
2016 8.7% 1.64%
2015 9% 1.56%
2014 6.3% 0.44%
2013 6.2% 1.88%
2012 5.4% 1.29%
2011 6.6% 0.91%
2010 5% 0.99%
2009 4.9% 0.97%
2008 5.7% 3.71%
2007 3.6% 2.04%
2006 4.2% 3.28%
2005 6.9% 0.98%
2004 6.6% 1.49%
2003 14.7% 1.17%
2002 8.4% 2.8%
2001 6.8% 0.62%
2000 7% 1.89%
1999 4.9% 0.68%
1998 3.2% 2.75%
1997 6.9% 1.04%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/morocco | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.13%, compared with 1.82% in Morocco. In 2024, inflation was 4.4% in Brazil and 0.99% in Morocco.

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $952M
Raw agricultural goods $335M
Animal & marine products $57.6M
Machinery & equipment $18.2M
Wood & paper products $12.2M
Chemicals & pharma $7.26M
Raw materials & minerals $5.5M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.29M
Weapons & explosives $3.52M
Metals $1.9M
Morocco
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $1.18B
Animal & marine products $14M
Machinery & equipment $3.14M
Chemicals & pharma $2.82M
Raw agricultural goods $1.52M
Textiles & consumer goods $828K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $169K
Metals $134K
Precious metals & jewellery $28K
Miscellaneous $1K

Balance of trade

Brazil Morocco
Current account balance
-$66.2B
2024
-$1.87B
2024
Current account balance ranking
188/190
2024
141/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.03%
2024
-1.16%
2024
Goods imports
$274B
2024
$66.5B
2024
Goods exports
$340B
2024
$39.3B
2024
Service imports
$103B
2024
$14.3B
2024
Service exports
$48.1B
2024
$28.2B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.6%
2024
50.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.9%
2024
42%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Morocco
Economic freedom 52.4 61.8
Economic freedom ranking 148/197 91/197
Property rights 49.2 55.2
Government integrity 37.2 35.6
Judicial effectiveness 55.6 32.5
Tax burden 70.6 65.5
Government spending 39.8 67.5
Fiscal health 28 57.5
Business freedom 65.7 72.1
Labor freedom 57 46.2
Monetary freedom 76 79.6
Trade freedom 69 69.8
Investment freedom 40 80
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Brazil
Morocco
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Morocco
2026 52.4 61.8
2025 55.1 60.3
2024 53.2 56.8
2023 53.5 58.4
2022 53.3 59.2
2021 53.4 63.3
2020 53.7 63.3
2019 51.9 62.9
2018 51.4 61.9
2017 52.9 61.5
2016 56.5 61.3
2015 56.6 60.1
2014 56.9 58.3
2013 57.7 59.6
2012 57.9 60.2
2011 56.3 59.6
2010 55.6 59.2
2009 56.7 57.7
2008 56.2 55.6
2007 56.2 56.4
2006 60.9 51.5
2005 61.7 52.2
2004 62 56.7
2003 63.4 57.8
2002 61.5 59
2001 61.9 63.9
2000 61.1 63.2
1999 61.3 63.8
1998 52.3 61.1
1997 52.6 64.7
1996 48.1 64.3
1995 51.4 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/morocco | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 52.4, ranking 148/197, compared to 61.8 for Morocco, ranking 91/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Brazil Morocco
Services, % of GDP
59.2%
2024
52.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.9%
2024
25.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.75%
2024
10.6%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.11T
2024
$149B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,590
2024
$10,260
2024
Total reserves including gold
$330B
2024
$37.1B
2024
Total reserves ranking
11/177
2024
52/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$47.8B
2024
-$948M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$74.1B
2024
$1.64B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
$691M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.4%
2024
5.63%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
3.9%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17%
2024
30.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/morocco | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.