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Economy of Bolivia vs Brazil compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Bolivia has a GDP of $64.8B compared to $2.28T for Brazil, ranking 88/197 and 11/197 by economy size, respectively.

Bolivia has $54.9B in government debt (84.8% of GDP), compared to $2.13T (93.3% of GDP) in Brazil.

Bolivia vs Brazil GDP by year

Bolivia
Brazil
1x
Year GDP, current $
Bolivia Brazil
2025 $64,768,947,525 $2,279,920,092,492
2024 $54,881,327,453 $2,185,821,610,689
2023 $52,340,206,946 $2,191,131,765,685
2022 $50,959,081,954 $1,951,923,942,083
2021 $47,877,892,402 $1,670,647,398,905
2020 $42,313,784,081 $1,476,107,231,310
2019 $49,056,643,589 $1,873,288,205,060
2018 $48,414,038,842 $1,916,933,898,011
2017 $45,927,439,595 $2,063,514,977,366
2016 $33,941,126,194 $1,795,693,482,853
2015 $33,000,198,249 $1,802,212,206,815
2014 $32,996,188,017 $2,456,043,727,199
2013 $30,659,338,886 $2,472,819,535,557
2012 $27,084,497,482 $2,465,227,802,807
2011 $23,963,164,697 $2,616,156,223,918
2010 $19,649,723,722 $2,208,837,745,101
2009 $17,339,992,194 $1,666,996,438,581
2008 $16,674,276,286 $1,695,855,083,498
2007 $13,120,108,008 $1,397,114,486,369
2006 $11,451,844,902 $1,107,626,541,435
2005 $9,549,122,905 $891,633,839,894
2004 $8,773,451,752 $669,289,424,806
2003 $8,082,399,640 $558,233,745,652
2002 $7,905,485,146 $509,795,273,807
2001 $8,141,516,928 $559,983,634,799
2000 $8,397,855,485 $655,448,231,984
1999 $8,285,064,435 $599,642,024,320
1998 $8,497,494,652 $863,710,759,256
1997 $7,925,736,821 $883,206,179,730
1996 $7,396,949,126 $850,426,432,992
1995 $6,715,161,732 $769,333,050,987
1994 $5,981,222,859 $525,369,467,296
1993 $5,734,699,489 $368,292,034,381
1992 $5,643,868,749 $328,191,909,882
1991 $5,343,262,457 $342,534,090,909
1990 $4,867,582,598 $384,959,818,182
1989 $4,715,973,437 $412,990,820,287
1988 $4,597,612,362 $307,881,930,752
1987 $4,347,956,338 $283,056,836,894
1986 $3,959,382,833 $256,480,852,471
1985 $5,377,276,555 $210,879,844,639
1984 $6,169,483,225 $188,339,974,087
1983 $5,422,656,823 $189,656,506,321
1982 $5,594,126,369 $271,314,113,768
1981 $5,891,598,695 $258,015,174,749
1980 $4,537,479,608 $237,393,489,893
1979 $4,421,336,383 $221,338,204,480
1978 $3,758,220,890 $200,278,646,124
1977 $3,227,436,282 $176,344,101,402
1976 $2,731,984,008 $153,168,949,208
1975 $2,404,697,651 $129,203,555,239
1974 $2,100,249,875 $109,794,519,728
1973 $1,262,968,516 $83,592,275,863
1972 $1,257,615,645 $58,434,858,375
1971 $1,095,622,896 $48,869,830,902
1970 $1,017,003,367 $42,327,664,794
1969 $929,629,630 $37,171,640,819
1968 $857,912,458 $33,930,457,425
1967 $755,808,081 $31,086,389,195
1966 $669,191,919 $28,283,323,733
1965 $604,377,104 $22,465,522,884
1964 $544,023,569 $20,963,733,695
1963 $482,828,283 $23,287,712,878
1962 $448,400,673 $19,231,747,852
1961 $410,101,010 $17,275,940,449
1960 $377,020,202 $17,030,465,539

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/brazil | CC BY

GDP per capita in Bolivia vs Brazil by year

Bolivia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Bolivia Brazil
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $5,148 - $10,713 -
2024 $4,421 $12,878 $10,311 $22,338
2023 $4,275 $12,892 $10,378 $21,176
2022 $4,219 $12,307 $9,281 $19,877
2021 $4,011 $11,202 $7,973 $18,076
2020 $3,581 $9,581 $7,074 $16,102
2019 $4,203 $11,005 $9,030 $16,070
2018 $4,207 $10,758 $9,301 $15,464
2017 $4,048 $10,420 $10,081 $14,559
2016 $3,036 $9,242 $8,836 $14,309
2015 $2,996 $8,757 $8,936 $14,821
2014 $3,041 $8,629 $12,275 $15,827
2013 $2,870 $8,069 $12,459 $15,722
2012 $2,576 $7,184 $12,522 $15,198
2011 $2,316 $6,598 $13,397 $15,212
2010 $1,930 $6,245 $11,403 $14,452
2009 $1,731 $6,024 $8,679 $13,391
2008 $1,693 $5,890 $8,908 $13,445
2007 $1,355 $5,537 $7,410 $12,673
2006 $1,203 $5,244 $5,934 $11,751
2005 $1,020 $4,938 $4,828 $11,081
2004 $953 $4,663 $3,664 $10,526
2003 $893 $4,433 $3,091 $9,802
2002 $888 $4,304 $2,856 $9,617
2001 $930 $4,205 $3,176 $9,304
2000 $976 $4,113 $3,767 $9,092
1999 $979 $3,991 $3,494 $8,635
1998 $1,022 $3,988 $5,106 $8,599
1997 $970 $3,822 $5,299 $8,602
1996 $922 $3,645 $5,179 $8,301
1995 $853 $3,494 $4,757 $8,097
1994 $774 $3,331 $3,299 $7,727
1993 $757 $3,177 $2,349 $7,260
1992 $760 $3,036 $2,127 $6,869
1991 $734 $2,981 $2,258 $6,867
1990 $683 $2,797 $2,581 $6,688
1989 $675 - $2,819 -
1988 $673 - $2,141 -
1987 $650 - $2,006 -
1986 $604 - $1,854 -
1985 $838 - $1,556 -
1984 $982 - $1,420 -
1983 $882 - $1,461 -
1982 $930 - $2,138 -
1981 $1,001 - $2,080 -
1980 $788 - $1,959 -
1979 $785 - $1,870 -
1978 $683 - $1,733 -
1977 $600 - $1,562 -
1976 $520 - $1,390 -
1975 $468 - $1,201 -
1974 $418 - $1,045 -
1973 $257.2 - $815 -
1972 $261.9 - $583 -
1971 $233.4 - $500 -
1970 $221.6 - $444 -
1969 $207.1 - $399 -
1968 $195.5 - $374 -
1967 $176.1 - $351 -
1966 $159.3 - $328 -
1965 $147.1 - $268 -
1964 $135.2 - $257.3 -
1963 $122.6 - $294.2 -
1962 $116.2 - $250.2 -
1961 $108.5 - $231.6 -
1960 $101.8 - $235.3 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/brazil | CC BY

Bolivia's GDP per capita is $5,148, ranking 121/197, compared to $10,713 in Brazil, ranking 85/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Bolivia ranks 122nd at $12,878, while Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338.

Economic indicators

Bolivia Brazil
Gross domestic product
$64.8B
2025
$2.28T
2025
GDP rank
88/197
2025
11/197
2025
GDP growth
-1.58%
2024-2025
2.29%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$5,148
2025
$10,713
2025
GDP per capita rank
121/197
2025
85/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$12,878
2024
$22,338
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
122/197
2024
88/197
2024
Government debt
$54.9B
2025
$2.13T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
84.8%
2025
93.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$4,364
2025
$9,999
2025
Government debt per person rank
93/185
2025
60/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,410
2026
$6,555
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$871B
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
386,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
70
2026
Income share by richest 10%
30.6%
2024
39.3%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
1.9%
2024
1.3%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
32.2%
2025
47.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
19.5%
2024-2025
5%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
3.26%
2025
14.5%
2026
Unemployment rate
2.73%
2024
5.83%
2025
Population
12837312
213964342

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Bolivia
Spending

Debt
Brazil
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Bolivia Brazil
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 32.2% 84.8% 47.4% 93.3%
2024 33.5% 83.2% 45.5% 87%
2023 33.5% 78.3% 45.3% 84%
2022 31.2% 69.2% 43.4% 83.9%
2021 29.4% 68.7% 40.4% 88.9%
2020 31.9% 67.5% 46.2% 96%
2019 30.1% 48.9% 43% 87.1%
2018 31.4% 44.2% 44.2% 84.8%
2017 31.6% 41.9% 44.3% 82.7%
2016 32.9% 38.2% 45.5% 77.4%
2015 37% 34% 46.2% 71.7%
2014 34.9% 31.8% 41.4% 61.6%
2013 30.4% 31% 39.8% 59.6%
2012 31.3% 30.7% 39.3% 61.6%
2011 30.6% 30.5% 39.4% 60.6%
2010 27.5% 32.8% 39.5% 62.4%
2009 28.9% 34.1% 40.5% 64.7%
2008 31.1% 32.4% 39.9% 61.4%
2007 28.9% 35.5% 40.4% 63%
2006 26.6% 48.6% 42.6% 64.6%
2005 29.5% 73.2% 41.9% 67%
2004 29% 80.6% 39.7% 68%
2003 28.6% 85.5% 41.3% 71.5%
2002 29.6% 77.2% 44.5% 76.1%
2001 28.6% 74.4% 39.8% 67.3%
2000 26.2% 66.5% 34.5% 62.2%
1999 26.3% 61.7% 39.6% 44.5%
1998 26.8% 61.2% 40.9% 38.9%
1997 25.3% 64.6% 38.6% 31.8%
1996 23.3% 72.4% 38.2% 30.7%
1995 23.1% 81.7% - 28%
1994 23.9% 87.6% - 30%
1993 24.3% 83.8% - 32.6%
1992 22.6% 92.4% - 37.1%
1991 21.6% 92.8% - 38.1%
1990 20.4% 102.9% - 40.6%
1989 24.4% 98% - 40.2%
1988 24% 115.9% - 46.9%
1987 24.4% 145.3% - 50.3%
1986 22.2% 149% 11.7% 49.4%
1985 21.8% 205.2% 11.1% 52.6%
1984 29% 166.5% 10% 55.8%
1983 32.1% 157.3% 9.7% 51.5%
1982 25% 155.4% 8.1% 32.8%
1981 16.6% 121.7% 7.8% 34.6%
1980 19.8% 100% 6.8% 39.7%
1979 18% 92% 9% 36.6%
1978 17.3% 82.5% 10.2% 37%
1977 18.6% 82.4% 10.4% 31%
1976 16.8% 68.9% 10.6% 31.8%
1975 14.4% 56.2% 10.7% 27.7%
1974 14.2% 52.7% 10.5% 25.7%
1973 14.1% 80.9% 11% 22.4%
1972 11.8% 77.7% 12.6% 22.5%
1971 11.3% 65.7% 11.7% 17.9%
1970 10% 63.9% 11.4% 17%
1969 12.3% - 11.2% 16.5%
1968 14.1% - 14.4% 15.8%
1967 13.1% - 13.5% 13.8%
1966 12.9% - 14.6% 19.6%
1965 12.9% - 14% 17.6%
1964 10.8% - 25.4% 22.2%
1963 10.8% - 22.8% 20.4%
1962 10.2% - 23.1% 23.7%
1961 10.7% - 12% 25.7%
1960 10.1% - 13.7% 22.3%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/brazil | CC BY

In 2025, Bolivia's government spending was $20.8B, accounting for 32.2% of its GDP, while Brazil spent $1.08T, or 47.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 84.8% in Bolivia and 93.3% in Brazil, ranking 36/185 and 29/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Bolivia

Brazil
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Bolivia Brazil
2025 -11.6% -8.07%
2024 -8.7% -6.17%
2023 -9.46% -7.71%
2022 -6.15% -3.96%
2021 -7.87% -2.63%
2020 -11% -11.6%
2019 -6.04% -4.86%
2018 -6.8% -6.99%
2017 -6.42% -7.97%
2016 -5.95% -7.99%
2015 -5.76% -9.28%
2014 -2.88% -6.27%
2013 0.51% -3.42%
2012 1.49% -2.35%
2011 0.72% -2.74%
2010 1.42% -3.55%
2009 2.29% -4.23%
2008 3.1% -2.39%
2007 -1.37% -2.66%
2006 3.99% -4.87%
2005 -2% -3.36%
2004 -4.97% -2.95%
2003 -7.04% -5.4%
2002 -7.82% -4.15%
2001 -6.11% -3.47%
2000 -3.34% -3.32%
1999 -3.43% -5.17%
1998 -4.56% -7.22%
1997 -2.94% -5.6%
1996 -1.7% -5.35%
1995 -1.63% -
1994 -2.68% -
1993 -5.46% -
1992 -3.94% -
1991 -3.76% -
1990 -3.94% -
1989 -5.5% -
1988 -6.5% -
1987 -7.7% -
1986 -2.7% -1.6%
1985 -9.8% -1.3%
1984 -25.4% -0.4%
1983 -19.8% 0.1%
1982 -15.9% 1.4%
1981 -12.3% 1%
1980 -15.3% 2.5%
1979 -11.2% 0.4%
1978 -9.97% -0.1%
1977 -11.2% 0.1%
1976 -1.15% 0.1%
1975 -2.33% 0%
1974 -1.87% 0.6%
1973 -3.72% 0.1%
1972 -3.69% -0.1%
1971 -3.67% -0.3%
1970 -1.92% -0.4%
1969 -4.16% -0.6%
1968 -5.67% -1.6%
1967 -4.29% -2.1%
1966 -3.55% -1.3%
1965 -4.12% -2%
1964 -2.68% -8.79%
1963 -3.02% -5.78%
1962 -2.8% -6.82%
1961 -2.81% -2.93%
1960 -3.35% -3.85%
1959 -4.32% -0.18%
1958 -2.95% -0.76%
1957 -1.11% -0.29%
1956 -0.11% -0.14%
1955 0.33% -0.62%
1954 0.006% -0.49%
1953 -0.48% -1.26%
1952 -0.94% 0.64%
1951 -0.42% 0.87%
1950 -1.17% -1.58%
1949 - -1.22%
1948 - 0.002%
1947 - 0.25%
1946 - -1.78%
1945 - -2.87%
1944 - -2.37%
1943 - -0.75%
1942 - -2.55%
1941 - -2.15%
1940 - -1.13%
1939 - -1.2%
1938 - -0.59%
1937 - -1.62%
1936 - -0.27%
1935 - -0.5%
1934 - -2.28%
1933 - -1.56%
1932 - -6.47%
1931 - -1.56%
1930 - -3.58%
1929 - -0.09%
1928 - 0.57%
1927 - 0.12%
1926 - -0.76%
1925 - -0.07%
1924 - -0.45%
1923 - -1.94%
1922 - -3.8%
1921 - -2.98%
1920 - -3.11%
1919 - -3.69%
1918 - -4.51%
1917 - -4.8%
1916 - -4.35%
1915 - -6.33%
1914 - -7.32%
1913 - -1.91%
1912 - -3.05%
1911 - -2.15%
1910 - -2.06%
1909 - -1.62%
1908 - -1.89%
1907 - 0.38%
1906 - 0.28%
1905 - 0.96%
1904 - -0.62%
1903 - 1.79%
1902 - 1.59%
1901 - -2.46%
1900 - -5.57%
1899 - -2.13%
1898 - -14%
1897 - -2.38%
1896 - -0.79%
1895 - -1.33%
1894 - -4.11%
1893 - -1.77%
1892 - -2.6%
1891 - 0.51%
1890 - -3.02%
1889 - -3.79%
1888 - 0.63%
1887 - -0.76%
1886 - -3.8%
1885 - -5.71%
1884 - -3.89%
1883 - -3.33%
1882 - -1.58%
1881 - -1.9%
1880 - -4.84%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/brazil | CC BY

In 2025, Bolivia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $7.51B, equivalent to 11.6% of GDP. This compares to Brazil's deficit of $184B, or 8.07% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Bolivia recorded a fiscal deficit in 59 of those years, while Brazil ran a deficit in 47 years. On average, Bolivia posted an annual deficit equal to 5.3% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.32% of GDP for Brazil.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Bolivia

Brazil
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Bolivia Brazil
2025 19.5% 5%
2024 5.1% 4.4%
2023 2.58% 4.6%
2022 1.75% 9.3%
2021 0.74% 8.3%
2020 0.94% 3.2%
2019 1.84% 3.7%
2018 2.27% 3.7%
2017 2.82% 3.4%
2016 3.62% 8.7%
2015 4.06% 9%
2014 5.77% 6.3%
2013 5.74% 6.2%
2012 4.52% 5.4%
2011 9.88% 6.6%
2010 2.5% 5%
2009 3.35% 4.9%
2008 14% 5.7%
2007 8.71% 3.6%
2006 4.28% 4.2%
2005 5.39% 6.9%
2004 4.44% 6.6%
2003 3.34% 14.7%
2002 0.93% 8.4%
2001 1.59% 6.8%
2000 4.61% 7%
1999 2.16% 4.9%
1998 7.67% 3.2%
1997 4.71% 6.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/brazil | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Bolivia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.79%, compared with 6.09% in Brazil. In 2025, inflation was 19.5% in Bolivia and 5% in Brazil.

Top exports between countries

Bolivia
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $1.18B
Metals $24.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $10.3M
Raw agricultural goods $9.48M
Wood & paper products $7.15M
Machinery & equipment $5.84M
Chemicals & pharma $4.28M
Textiles & consumer goods $3.89M
Animal & marine products $1.64M
Miscellaneous $138K
Brazil
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $344M
Chemicals & pharma $230M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $218M
Metals $159M
Wood & paper products $125M
Raw materials & minerals $89.3M
Textiles & consumer goods $87.7M
Animal & marine products $24.4M
Raw agricultural goods $18.1M
Miscellaneous $9.51M

Balance of trade

Bolivia Brazil
Current account balance
-$1.22B
2025
-$66.7B
2025
Current account balance ranking
124/190
2025
188/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.88%
2025
-2.93%
2025
Goods imports
$9.23B
2025
$291B
2025
Goods exports
$9.56B
2025
$351B
2025
Service imports
$2.25B
2025
$105B
2025
Service exports
$1.21B
2025
$54.4B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
25.5%
2024
17.5%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
21.4%
2024
17.8%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Bolivia Brazil
Economic freedom 42.4 52.4
Economic freedom ranking 184/197 148/197
Property rights 20.2 49.2
Government integrity 27.1 37.2
Judicial effectiveness 29.5 55.6
Tax burden 86.4 70.6
Government spending 56.3 39.8
Fiscal health 0.8 28
Business freedom 53.6 65.7
Labor freedom 52.2 57
Monetary freedom 67.1 76
Trade freedom 60.6 69
Investment freedom 15 40
Financial freedom 40 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Bolivia
Brazil
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Bolivia Brazil
2026 42.4 52.4
2025 44.1 55.1
2024 43.5 53.2
2023 43.4 53.5
2022 43 53.3
2021 42.7 53.4
2020 42.8 53.7
2019 42.3 51.9
2018 44.1 51.4
2017 47.7 52.9
2016 47.4 56.5
2015 46.8 56.6
2014 48.4 56.9
2013 47.9 57.7
2012 50.2 57.9
2011 50 56.3
2010 49.4 55.6
2009 53.6 56.7
2008 53.1 56.2
2007 54.2 56.2
2006 57.8 60.9
2005 58.4 61.7
2004 64.5 62
2003 64.3 63.4
2002 65.1 61.5
2001 68 61.9
2000 65 61.1
1999 65.6 61.3
1998 68.8 52.3
1997 65.1 52.6
1996 65.2 48.1
1995 56.8 51.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/brazil | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Bolivia is 42.4, ranking 184/197, compared to 52.4 for Brazil, ranking 148/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Bolivia Brazil
Services, % of GDP
53.4%
2024
59.7%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
31.3%
2024
20.1%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
8.83%
2024
6.09%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$55.6B
2025
$2.25T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$12,530
2025
$22,670
2025
Total reserves including gold
$580M
2025
$359B
2025
Total reserves ranking
155/177
2025
13/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$464M
2025
-$47.5B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$358M
2024
$74.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$133M
2024
$26.3B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.41%
2024
5.4%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
37.7%
2024
4.2%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17.9%
2024
17.1%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/brazil | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.