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Economy of Brazil vs Mauritius compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Brazil has a GDP of $2.28T compared to $16.2B for Mauritius, ranking 11/197 and 144/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $2.13T in government debt (93.3% of GDP), compared to $14B (86.5% of GDP) in Mauritius.

Brazil vs Mauritius GDP by year

Brazil
Mauritius
1x
Year GDP, current $
Brazil Mauritius
2025 $2,279,920,092,492 $16,157,804,492
2024 $2,185,821,610,689 $14,938,055,690
2023 $2,191,131,765,685 $14,072,212,290
2022 $1,951,923,942,083 $12,936,444,123
2021 $1,670,647,398,905 $11,622,048,697
2020 $1,476,107,231,310 $11,566,111,138
2019 $1,873,288,205,060 $14,645,235,205
2018 $1,916,933,898,011 $14,957,535,716
2017 $2,063,514,977,366 $13,896,938,315
2016 $1,795,693,482,853 $12,757,680,847
2015 $1,802,212,206,815 $12,162,211,503
2014 $2,456,043,727,199 $13,230,490,082
2013 $2,472,819,535,557 $12,434,596,541
2012 $2,465,227,802,807 $11,832,323,837
2011 $2,616,156,223,918 $11,677,718,382
2010 $2,208,837,745,101 $10,144,716,155
2009 $1,666,996,438,581 $9,264,482,256
2008 $1,695,855,083,498 $10,127,741,915
2007 $1,397,114,486,369 $8,277,474,850
2006 $1,107,626,541,435 $7,137,710,413
2005 $891,633,839,894 $6,576,108,447
2004 $669,289,424,806 $6,667,418,752
2003 $558,233,745,652 $5,894,873,920
2002 $509,795,273,807 $4,906,494,249
2001 $559,983,634,799 $4,675,755,867
2000 $655,448,231,984 $4,726,108,622
1999 $599,642,024,320 $4,402,193,195
1998 $863,710,759,256 $4,225,813,976
1997 $883,206,179,730 $4,243,755,308
1996 $850,426,432,992 $4,481,489,762
1995 $769,333,050,987 $4,094,741,652
1994 $525,369,467,296 $3,606,050,873
1993 $368,292,034,381 $3,307,302,126
1992 $328,191,909,882 $3,267,677,814
1991 $342,534,090,909 $2,895,354,736
1990 $384,959,818,182 $2,689,212,760
1989 $412,990,820,287 $2,211,312,823
1988 $307,881,930,752 $2,163,252,449
1987 $283,056,836,894 $1,906,174,438
1986 $256,480,852,471 $1,482,601,552
1985 $210,879,844,639 $1,090,611,325
1984 $188,339,974,087 $1,054,564,759
1983 $189,656,506,321 $1,104,956,573
1982 $271,314,113,768 $1,092,923,636
1981 $258,015,174,749 $1,157,769,444
1980 $237,393,489,893 $1,147,027,924
1979 $221,338,204,480 $1,227,446,632
1978 $200,278,646,124 $1,029,040,323
1977 $176,344,101,402 $834,722,972
1976 $153,168,949,208 $713,510,052
1975 $129,203,555,239 $673,311,287
1974 $109,794,519,728 $669,894,030
1973 $83,592,275,863 $404,285,775
1972 $58,434,858,375 $318,664,900
1971 $48,869,830,902 $251,437,338
1970 $42,327,664,794 $224,125,805
1969 $37,171,640,819 $221,553,613
1968 $33,930,457,425 $206,576,631
1967 $31,086,389,195 $238,439,291
1966 $28,283,323,733 $227,534,083
1965 $22,465,522,884 $230,024,161
1964 $20,963,733,695 $218,914,569
1963 $23,287,712,878 $253,839,558
1962 $19,231,747,852 $197,738,208
1961 $17,275,940,449 $191,757,729
1960 $17,030,465,539 $162,089,564

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/mauritius | CC BY

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Mauritius by year

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Mauritius
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Brazil Mauritius
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $10,713 - $12,991 -
2024 $10,311 $22,338 $11,991 $31,840
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $11,270 $29,561
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $10,247 $26,874
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $9,178 $23,010
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $9,136 $21,622
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $11,568 $24,375
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $11,819 $23,416
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $10,987 $22,898
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $10,095 $21,952
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $9,631 $20,270
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $10,490 $19,294
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $9,877 $18,435
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $9,422 $17,259
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $9,324 $16,884
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $8,113 $15,920
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $7,427 $15,105
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $8,140 $14,569
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $6,677 $13,612
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $5,784 $12,593
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $5,354 $11,703
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $5,461 $11,216
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $4,858 $10,535
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $4,073 $9,824
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $3,909 $9,586
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $3,982 $9,143
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $3,746 $8,344
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $3,642 $8,121
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $3,696 $7,651
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $3,952 $7,206
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $3,648 $6,771
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $3,240 $6,414
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $3,014 $6,116
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $3,013 $5,753
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $2,705 $5,351
1990 $2,581 $6,688 $2,540 $5,010
1989 $2,819 - $2,103 -
1988 $2,141 - $2,074 -
1987 $2,006 - $1,840 -
1986 $1,854 - $1,442 -
1985 $1,556 - $1,069 -
1984 $1,420 - $1,042 -
1983 $1,461 - $1,103 -
1982 $2,138 - $1,101 -
1981 $2,080 - $1,181 -
1980 $1,959 - $1,187 -
1979 $1,870 - $1,292 -
1978 $1,733 - $1,102 -
1977 $1,562 - $906 -
1976 $1,390 - $787 -
1975 $1,201 - $755 -
1974 $1,045 - $763 -
1973 $815 - $467 -
1972 $583 - $374 -
1971 $500 - $299.6 -
1970 $444 - $271.3 -
1969 $399 - $272.7 -
1968 $374 - $258.7 -
1967 $351 - $304 -
1966 $328 - $296 -
1965 $268 - $305 -
1964 $257.3 - $297.3 -
1963 $294.2 - $353 -
1962 $250.2 - $282.3 -
1961 $231.6 - $281.7 -
1960 $235.3 - $238.3 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/mauritius | CC BY

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,713, ranking 85/197, compared to $12,991 in Mauritius, ranking 80/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338, while Mauritius ranks 71st at $31,840.

Economic indicators

Brazil Mauritius
Gross domestic product
$2.28T
2025
$16.2B
2025
GDP rank
11/197
2025
144/197
2025
GDP growth
2.29%
2024-2025
3.15%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$10,713
2025
$12,991
2025
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2025
80/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,338
2024
$31,840
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
88/197
2024
71/197
2024
Government debt
$2.13T
2025
$14B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
93.3%
2025
86.5%
2025
Government debt per person
$9,999
2025
$11,233
2025
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2025
55/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,555
2026
$8,169
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$871B
2025
$8.89B
2025
Number of millionaires
386,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
70
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
39.3%
2024
29.9%
2017
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2024
2.9%
2017
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.4%
2025
31.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
5%
2024-2025
3.67%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
14.5%
2026
4.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.83%
2025
5.21%
2024
Population
213964342
1240721

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Brazil
Spending

Debt
Mauritius
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Brazil Mauritius
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 47.4% 93.3% 31.4% 86.5%
2024 45.5% 87% 32.6% 86.1%
2023 45.3% 84% 28.5% 81.5%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 27.6% 81.8%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 28.3% 86.1%
2020 46.2% 96% 32.1% 91.9%
2019 43% 87.1% 30.2% 81.1%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 23.9% 63.1%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 23.6% 61.3%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 23.3% 62.6%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 23.7% 63%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 22.5% 59.1%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 23.4% 56.5%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 21.9% 54.2%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 23% 54.9%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 23.2% 54.4%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 24.5% 56.8%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 22.4% 48.8%
2007 40.4% 63% 20.4% 48.8%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 20.7% 55.3%
2005 41.9% 67% 21.8% 58.3%
2004 39.7% 68% 21.9% 59.4%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 22.2% 66.9%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 22% 63%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 21.5% 58.2%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 21.2% 56.9%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 25.9% -
1998 40.9% 38.9% - -
1997 38.6% 31.8% - -
1996 38.2% 30.7% - -
1995 - 28% - -
1994 - 30% - -
1993 - 32.6% - -
1992 - 37.1% - -
1991 - 38.1% - -
1990 - 40.6% - -
1989 - 40.2% - -
1988 - 46.9% - -
1987 - 50.3% - -
1986 11.7% 49.4% - -
1985 11.1% 52.6% - -
1984 10% 55.8% - -
1983 9.7% 51.5% - -
1982 8.1% 32.8% - -
1981 7.8% 34.6% - -
1980 6.8% 39.7% - -
1979 9% 36.6% - -
1978 10.2% 37% - -
1977 10.4% 31% - -
1976 10.6% 31.8% - -
1975 10.7% 27.7% - -
1974 10.5% 25.7% - -
1973 11% 22.4% - -
1972 12.6% 22.5% - -
1971 11.7% 17.9% - -
1970 11.4% 17% - -
1969 11.2% 16.5% - -
1968 14.4% 15.8% - -
1967 13.5% 13.8% - -
1966 14.6% 19.6% - -
1965 14% 17.6% - -
1964 25.4% 22.2% - -
1963 22.8% 20.4% - -
1962 23.1% 23.7% - -
1961 12% 25.7% - -
1960 13.7% 22.3% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1999–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/mauritius | CC BY

In 2025, Brazil's government spending was $1.08T, accounting for 47.4% of its GDP, while Mauritius spent $5.07B, or 31.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 93.3% in Brazil and 86.5% in Mauritius, ranking 29/185 and 34/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Mauritius
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Mauritius
2025 -8.07% -3.69%
2024 -6.17% -6.84%
2023 -7.71% -4.48%
2022 -3.96% -3.15%
2021 -2.63% -4.08%
2020 -11.6% -10.5%
2019 -4.86% -8.19%
2018 -6.99% -2.15%
2017 -7.97% -1.62%
2016 -7.99% -2.74%
2015 -9.28% -3.48%
2014 -6.27% -3.05%
2013 -3.42% -3.3%
2012 -2.35% -1.73%
2011 -2.74% -3%
2010 -3.55% -2.96%
2009 -4.23% -3.32%
2008 -2.39% -2.63%
2007 -2.66% -2.92%
2006 -4.87% -3.86%
2005 -3.36% -4.2%
2004 -2.95% -4.22%
2003 -5.4% -4.55%
2002 -4.15% -4.89%
2001 -3.47% -5.32%
2000 -3.32% -4.19%
1999 -5.17% -
1998 -7.22% -
1997 -5.6% -
1996 -5.35% -
1995 - -
1994 - -
1993 - -
1992 - -
1991 - -
1990 - -
1989 - -
1988 - -
1987 - -
1986 -1.6% -
1985 -1.3% -
1984 -0.4% -
1983 0.1% -
1982 1.4% -
1981 1% -
1980 2.5% -
1979 0.4% -
1978 -0.1% -
1977 0.1% -
1976 0.1% -
1975 0% -
1974 0.6% -
1973 0.1% -
1972 -0.1% -
1971 -0.3% -
1970 -0.4% -
1969 -0.6% -
1968 -1.6% -
1967 -2.1% -
1966 -1.3% -
1965 -2% -
1964 -8.79% -
1963 -5.78% -
1962 -6.82% -
1961 -2.93% -
1960 -3.85% -
1959 -0.18% -
1958 -0.76% -
1957 -0.29% -
1956 -0.14% -
1955 -0.62% -
1954 -0.49% -
1953 -1.26% -
1952 0.64% -
1951 0.87% -
1950 -1.58% -
1949 -1.22% -
1948 0.002% -
1947 0.25% -
1946 -1.78% -
1945 -2.87% -
1944 -2.37% -
1943 -0.75% -
1942 -2.55% -
1941 -2.15% -
1940 -1.13% -
1939 -1.2% -
1938 -0.59% -
1937 -1.62% -
1936 -0.27% -
1935 -0.5% -
1934 -2.28% -
1933 -1.56% -
1932 -6.47% -
1931 -1.56% -
1930 -3.58% -
1929 -0.09% -
1928 0.57% -
1927 0.12% -
1926 -0.76% -
1925 -0.07% -
1924 -0.45% -
1923 -1.94% -
1922 -3.8% -
1921 -2.98% -
1920 -3.11% -
1919 -3.69% -
1918 -4.51% -
1917 -4.8% -
1916 -4.35% -
1915 -6.33% -
1914 -7.32% -
1913 -1.91% -
1912 -3.05% -
1911 -2.15% -
1910 -2.06% -
1909 -1.62% -
1908 -1.89% -
1907 0.38% -
1906 0.28% -
1905 0.96% -
1904 -0.62% -
1903 1.79% -
1902 1.59% -
1901 -2.46% -
1900 -5.57% -
1899 -2.13% -
1898 -14% -
1897 -2.38% -
1896 -0.79% -
1895 -1.33% -
1894 -4.11% -
1893 -1.77% -
1892 -2.6% -
1891 0.51% -
1890 -3.02% -
1889 -3.79% -
1888 0.63% -
1887 -0.76% -
1886 -3.8% -
1885 -5.71% -
1884 -3.89% -
1883 -3.33% -
1882 -1.58% -
1881 -1.9% -
1880 -4.84% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2000–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/mauritius | CC BY

In 2025, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $184B, equivalent to 8.07% of GDP. This compares to Mauritius' deficit of $596M, or 3.69% of GDP.

Over the past 26 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 26 of those years, while Mauritius ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to 5.09% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.04% of GDP for Mauritius.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Brazil

Mauritius
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Brazil Mauritius
2025 5% 3.67%
2024 4.4% 3.6%
2023 4.6% 7.05%
2022 9.3% 10.8%
2021 8.3% 4.03%
2020 3.2% 2.58%
2019 3.7% 0.41%
2018 3.7% 3.22%
2017 3.4% 3.67%
2016 8.7% 0.98%
2015 9% 1.29%
2014 6.3% 3.22%
2013 6.2% 3.54%
2012 5.4% 3.85%
2011 6.6% 6.52%
2010 5% 2.93%
2009 4.9% 2.52%
2008 5.7% 9.73%
2007 3.6% 8.83%
2006 4.2% 8.91%
2005 6.9% 4.94%
2004 6.6% 4.71%
2003 14.7% 3.92%
2002 8.4% 6.42%
2001 6.8% 5.39%
2000 7% 4.2%
1999 4.9% 6.91%
1998 3.2% 6.81%
1997 6.9% 6.83%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/mauritius | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.09%, compared with 4.88% in Mauritius. In 2025, inflation was 5% in Brazil and 3.67% in Mauritius.

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $42.4M
Textiles & consumer goods $24.4M
Animal & marine products $4.06M
Machinery & equipment $2.29M
Wood & paper products $641K
Metals $194K
Chemicals & pharma $119K
Miscellaneous $115K
Raw materials & minerals $54K
Raw agricultural goods $37K
Mauritius
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $797K
Textiles & consumer goods $63K
Chemicals & pharma $41K
Metals $19K
Miscellaneous $2K

Balance of trade

Brazil Mauritius
Current account balance
-$66.7B
2025
-$1.05B
2024
Current account balance ranking
188/190
2025
119/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.93%
2025
-7.03%
2024
Goods imports
$291B
2025
$6.35B
2024
Goods exports
$351B
2025
$2.37B
2024
Service imports
$105B
2025
$2.28B
2024
Service exports
$54.4B
2025
$4.19B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.5%
2025
74.9%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.8%
2025
65%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Mauritius
Economic freedom 52.4 73
Economic freedom ranking 148/197 26/197
Property rights 49.2 83.9
Government integrity 37.2 53.4
Judicial effectiveness 55.6 80.7
Tax burden 70.6 89.6
Government spending 39.8 73.8
Fiscal health 28 45.5
Business freedom 65.7 81.5
Labor freedom 57 69.6
Monetary freedom 76 70.7
Trade freedom 69 87
Investment freedom 40 70
Financial freedom 40 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Brazil
Mauritius
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Mauritius
2026 52.4 73
2025 55.1 75
2024 53.2 71.5
2023 53.5 70.6
2022 53.3 70.9
2021 53.4 77
2020 53.7 74.9
2019 51.9 73
2018 51.4 75.1
2017 52.9 74.7
2016 56.5 74.7
2015 56.6 76.4
2014 56.9 76.5
2013 57.7 76.9
2012 57.9 77
2011 56.3 76.2
2010 55.6 76.3
2009 56.7 74.3
2008 56.2 72.6
2007 56.2 69.4
2006 60.9 67.4
2005 61.7 67.2
2004 62 64.3
2003 63.4 64.4
2002 61.5 67.7
2001 61.9 66.4
2000 61.1 67.2
1999 61.3 68.5
1998 52.3 -
1997 52.6 -
1996 48.1 -
1995 51.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/mauritius | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 52.4, ranking 148/197, compared to 73 for Mauritius, ranking 26/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Brazil Mauritius
Services, % of GDP
59.7%
2025
63.9%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
20.1%
2025
17.7%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
6.09%
2025
4.62%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$2.25T
2025
$17.5B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$22,670
2025
$37,000
2025
Total reserves including gold
$359B
2025
$10.3B
2025
Total reserves ranking
13/177
2025
77/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$47.5B
2025
$963M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$74.1B
2024
$681M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
$38.3M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.4%
2024
10.1%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
8.4%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17.1%
2025
19.9%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/mauritius | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1999–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.