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Economy of Barbados vs Brazil compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Barbados has a GDP of $8.02B compared to $2.28T for Brazil, ranking 157/197 and 11/197 by economy size, respectively.

Barbados has $7.55B in government debt (94.2% of GDP), compared to $2.13T (93.3% of GDP) in Brazil.

Barbados vs Brazil GDP by year

Barbados
Brazil
1x
Year GDP, current $
Barbados Brazil
2025 $8,016,550,000 $2,279,920,092,492
2024 $7,597,571,450 $2,185,821,610,689
2023 $7,223,248,150 $2,191,131,765,685
2022 $6,886,644,900 $1,951,923,942,083
2021 $5,948,900,600 $1,670,647,398,905
2020 $5,403,246,950 $1,476,107,231,310
2019 $6,166,710,800 $1,873,288,205,060
2018 $6,001,101,550 $1,916,933,898,011
2017 $5,847,381,600 $2,063,514,977,366
2016 $5,679,029,450 $1,795,693,482,853
2015 $5,699,619,150 $1,802,212,206,815
2014 $5,684,901,000 $2,456,043,727,199
2013 $5,660,059,700 $2,472,819,535,557
2012 $5,486,500,500 $2,465,227,802,807
2011 $5,563,162,050 $2,616,156,223,918
2010 $5,428,683,250 $2,208,837,745,101
2009 $4,466,809,600 $1,666,996,438,581
2008 $4,790,410,400 $1,695,855,083,498
2007 $4,675,767,950 $1,397,114,486,369
2006 $4,217,323,400 $1,107,626,541,435
2005 $3,819,500,000 $891,633,839,894
2004 $3,444,500,000 $669,289,424,806
2003 $3,209,500,000 $558,233,745,652
2002 $3,106,500,000 $509,795,273,807
2001 $3,054,500,000 $559,983,634,799
2000 $3,059,500,000 $655,448,231,984
1999 $2,951,822,205 $599,642,024,320
1998 $2,817,083,478 $863,710,759,256
1997 $2,498,384,130 $883,206,179,730
1996 $2,363,645,403 $850,426,432,992
1995 $2,216,974,096 $769,333,050,987
1994 $2,151,344,901 $525,369,467,296
1993 $2,063,342,117 $368,292,034,381
1992 $1,957,000,000 $328,191,909,882
1991 $2,020,583,702 $342,534,090,909
1990 $2,012,131,457 $384,959,818,182
1989 $2,006,165,167 $412,990,820,287
1988 $1,812,757,918 $307,881,930,752
1987 $1,704,370,308 $283,056,836,894
1986 $1,547,755,183 $256,480,852,471
1985 $1,409,536,121 $210,879,844,639
1984 $1,346,890,071 $188,339,974,087
1983 $1,236,016,507 $189,656,506,321
1982 $1,163,923,830 $271,314,113,768
1981 $1,114,204,743 $258,015,174,749
1980 $1,012,280,615 $237,393,489,893
1979 $670,362,452 $221,338,204,480
1978 $552,883,707 $200,278,646,124
1977 $495,097,668 $176,344,101,402
1976 $435,911,269 $153,168,949,208
1975 $402,178,605 $129,203,555,239
1974 $311,804,630 $109,794,519,728
1973 $260,767,828 $83,592,275,863
1972 $213,725,217 $58,434,858,375
1971 $186,826,503 $48,869,830,902
1970 $166,210,203 $42,327,664,794
1969 $141,393,142 $37,171,640,819
1968 $125,733,669 $33,930,457,425
1967 $125,554,009 $31,086,389,195
1966 $113,195,123 $28,283,323,733
1965 $105,021,997 $22,465,522,884
1964 $99,252,731 $20,963,733,695
1963 $99,893,761 $23,287,712,878
1962 $88,782,583 $19,231,747,852
1961 $85,363,759 $17,275,940,449
1960 $80,021,847 $17,030,465,539

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/brazil | CC BY

GDP per capita in Barbados vs Brazil by year

Barbados
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Barbados Brazil
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $28,365 - $10,713 -
2024 $26,897 $24,823 $10,311 $22,338
2023 $25,584 $23,660 $10,378 $21,176
2022 $24,393 $22,193 $9,281 $19,877
2021 $21,084 $17,683 $7,973 $18,076
2020 $19,181 $16,555 $7,074 $16,102
2019 $21,929 $19,971 $9,030 $16,070
2018 $21,378 $19,777 $9,301 $15,464
2017 $20,871 $18,437 $10,081 $14,559
2016 $20,311 $19,176 $8,836 $14,309
2015 $20,429 $19,186 $8,936 $14,821
2014 $20,424 $18,595 $12,275 $15,827
2013 $20,384 $19,032 $12,459 $15,722
2012 $19,811 $19,605 $12,522 $15,198
2011 $20,146 $20,316 $13,397 $15,212
2010 $19,723 $20,033 $11,403 $14,452
2009 $16,295 $20,324 $8,679 $13,391
2008 $17,566 $21,376 $8,908 $13,445
2007 $17,235 $20,949 $7,410 $12,673
2006 $15,620 $20,076 $5,934 $11,751
2005 $14,214 $18,450 $4,828 $11,081
2004 $12,886 $17,299 $3,664 $10,526
2003 $12,076 $16,707 $3,091 $9,802
2002 $11,760 $16,133 $2,856 $9,617
2001 $11,640 $15,866 $3,176 $9,304
2000 $11,675 $15,914 $3,767 $9,092
1999 $11,244 $14,873 $3,494 $8,635
1998 $10,734 $14,621 $5,106 $8,599
1997 $9,522 $13,941 $5,299 $8,602
1996 $9,012 $13,090 $5,179 $8,301
1995 $8,460 $12,375 $4,757 $8,097
1994 $8,223 $11,900 $3,299 $7,727
1993 $7,905 $11,448 $2,349 $7,260
1992 $7,519 $11,127 $2,127 $6,869
1991 $7,790 $11,576 $2,258 $6,867
1990 $7,781 $11,687 $2,581 $6,688
1989 $7,773 - $2,819 -
1988 $7,033 - $2,141 -
1987 $6,625 - $2,006 -
1986 $6,031 - $1,854 -
1985 $5,510 - $1,556 -
1984 $5,284 - $1,420 -
1983 $4,866 - $1,461 -
1982 $4,599 - $2,138 -
1981 $4,417 - $2,080 -
1980 $4,025 - $1,959 -
1979 $2,668 - $1,870 -
1978 $2,198 - $1,733 -
1977 $1,968 - $1,562 -
1976 $1,734 - $1,390 -
1975 $1,601 - $1,201 -
1974 $1,243 - $1,045 -
1973 $1,042 - $815 -
1972 $856 - $583 -
1971 $750 - $500 -
1970 $666 - $444 -
1969 $567 - $399 -
1968 $506 - $374 -
1967 $508 - $351 -
1966 $462 - $328 -
1965 $433 - $268 -
1964 $414 - $257.3 -
1963 $421 - $294.2 -
1962 $377 - $250.2 -
1961 $366 - $231.6 -
1960 $347 - $235.3 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/brazil | CC BY

Barbados' GDP per capita is $28,365, ranking 48/197, compared to $10,713 in Brazil, ranking 85/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Barbados ranks 84th at $24,823, while Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338.

Economic indicators

Barbados Brazil
Gross domestic product
$8.02B
2025
$2.28T
2025
GDP rank
157/197
2025
11/197
2025
GDP growth
2.7%
2024-2025
2.29%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$28,365
2025
$10,713
2025
GDP per capita rank
48/197
2025
85/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$24,823
2024
$22,338
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
84/197
2024
88/197
2024
Government debt
$7.55B
2025
$2.13T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
94.2%
2025
93.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$26,731
2025
$9,999
2025
Government debt per person rank
28/185
2025
60/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$19,127
2026
$6,555
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.78B
2020
$871B
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
386,000
2026
Number of billionaires
1
2026
70
2026
Income share by richest 10%
25.8%
2016
39.3%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
2.5%
2016
1.3%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
27%
2025
47.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.85%
2024-2025
5%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
2%
2020
14.5%
2026
Unemployment rate
6.03%
2024
5.83%
2025
Population
282789
213964342

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Barbados
Spending

Debt
Brazil
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Barbados Brazil
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 27% 94.2% 47.4% 93.3%
2024 28.1% 98.9% 45.5% 87%
2023 26.5% 104.1% 45.3% 84%
2022 26.9% 104% 43.4% 83.9%
2021 27.1% 108.6% 40.4% 88.9%
2020 30.6% 129.6% 46.2% 96%
2019 22.2% 101.6% 43% 87.1%
2018 25% 107.2% 44.2% 84.8%
2017 28% 134.6% 44.3% 82.7%
2016 28.6% 127.1% 45.5% 77.4%
2015 29.2% 122.5% 46.2% 71.7%
2014 27.4% 115.1% 41.4% 61.6%
2013 29.1% 111.7% 39.8% 59.6%
2012 28.9% 103.5% 39.3% 61.6%
2011 26.5% 94.4% 39.4% 60.6%
2010 28% 90.3% 39.5% 62.4%
2009 27.8% 83.5% 40.5% 64.7%
2008 27.1% 69.8% 39.9% 61.4%
2007 26.1% 64.9% 40.4% 63%
2006 25% 64.1% 42.6% 64.6%
2005 26.4% 62.7% 41.9% 67%
2004 26.2% 61% 39.7% 68%
2003 27.7% 61.8% 41.3% 71.5%
2002 29.1% 62% 44.5% 76.1%
2001 20.7% 59% 39.8% 67.3%
2000 19.7% 53.6% 34.5% 62.2%
1999 18.5% 47% 39.6% 44.5%
1998 17.8% 47.2% 40.9% 38.9%
1997 19.6% 52% 38.6% 31.8%
1996 19.1% 52.3% 38.2% 30.7%
1995 17.3% 52% - 28%
1994 15.9% 51.4% - 30%
1993 - - - 32.6%
1992 - - - 37.1%
1991 - - - 38.1%
1990 - - - 40.6%
1989 - - - 40.2%
1988 - - - 46.9%
1987 - - - 50.3%
1986 - - 11.7% 49.4%
1985 - - 11.1% 52.6%
1984 - - 10% 55.8%
1983 - - 9.7% 51.5%
1982 - - 8.1% 32.8%
1981 - - 7.8% 34.6%
1980 - - 6.8% 39.7%
1979 - - 9% 36.6%
1978 - - 10.2% 37%
1977 - - 10.4% 31%
1976 - - 10.6% 31.8%
1975 - - 10.7% 27.7%
1974 - - 10.5% 25.7%
1973 - - 11% 22.4%
1972 - - 12.6% 22.5%
1971 - - 11.7% 17.9%
1970 - - 11.4% 17%
1969 - - 11.2% 16.5%
1968 - - 14.4% 15.8%
1967 - - 13.5% 13.8%
1966 - - 14.6% 19.6%
1965 - - 14% 17.6%
1964 - - 25.4% 22.2%
1963 - - 22.8% 20.4%
1962 - - 23.1% 23.7%
1961 - - 12% 25.7%
1960 - - 13.7% 22.3%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1994–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/brazil | CC BY

In 2025, Barbados' government spending was $2.16B, accounting for 27% of its GDP, while Brazil spent $1.08T, or 47.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 94.2% in Barbados and 93.3% in Brazil, ranking 28/185 and 29/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Barbados

Brazil
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Barbados Brazil
2025 -0.31% -8.07%
2024 -0.84% -6.17%
2023 -1.57% -7.71%
2022 -1.74% -3.96%
2021 -3.88% -2.63%
2020 -4.19% -11.6%
2019 2.86% -4.86%
2018 -0.32% -6.99%
2017 -3.64% -7.97%
2016 -4.55% -7.99%
2015 -7.58% -9.28%
2014 -6.2% -6.27%
2013 -8.46% -3.42%
2012 -6.69% -2.35%
2011 -3.47% -2.74%
2010 -7.1% -3.55%
2009 -6.19% -4.23%
2008 -3.94% -2.39%
2007 -4.08% -2.66%
2006 -3.13% -4.87%
2005 -2.78% -3.36%
2004 -2.73% -2.95%
2003 -2.86% -5.4%
2002 -4.96% -4.15%
2001 3.83% -3.47%
2000 4.68% -3.32%
1999 5.06% -5.17%
1998 5.63% -7.22%
1997 5.15% -5.6%
1996 3.5% -5.35%
1995 5.79% -
1994 6.28% -
1993 - -
1992 - -
1991 - -
1990 - -
1989 - -
1988 - -
1987 - -
1986 - -1.6%
1985 - -1.3%
1984 - -0.4%
1983 - 0.1%
1982 - 1.4%
1981 - 1%
1980 - 2.5%
1979 - 0.4%
1978 - -0.1%
1977 - 0.1%
1976 - 0.1%
1975 - 0%
1974 - 0.6%
1973 - 0.1%
1972 - -0.1%
1971 - -0.3%
1970 - -0.4%
1969 - -0.6%
1968 - -1.6%
1967 - -2.1%
1966 - -1.3%
1965 - -2%
1964 - -8.79%
1963 - -5.78%
1962 - -6.82%
1961 - -2.93%
1960 - -3.85%
1959 - -0.18%
1958 - -0.76%
1957 - -0.29%
1956 - -0.14%
1955 - -0.62%
1954 - -0.49%
1953 - -1.26%
1952 - 0.64%
1951 - 0.87%
1950 - -1.58%
1949 - -1.22%
1948 - 0.002%
1947 - 0.25%
1946 - -1.78%
1945 - -2.87%
1944 - -2.37%
1943 - -0.75%
1942 - -2.55%
1941 - -2.15%
1940 - -1.13%
1939 - -1.2%
1938 - -0.59%
1937 - -1.62%
1936 - -0.27%
1935 - -0.5%
1934 - -2.28%
1933 - -1.56%
1932 - -6.47%
1931 - -1.56%
1930 - -3.58%
1929 - -0.09%
1928 - 0.57%
1927 - 0.12%
1926 - -0.76%
1925 - -0.07%
1924 - -0.45%
1923 - -1.94%
1922 - -3.8%
1921 - -2.98%
1920 - -3.11%
1919 - -3.69%
1918 - -4.51%
1917 - -4.8%
1916 - -4.35%
1915 - -6.33%
1914 - -7.32%
1913 - -1.91%
1912 - -3.05%
1911 - -2.15%
1910 - -2.06%
1909 - -1.62%
1908 - -1.89%
1907 - 0.38%
1906 - 0.28%
1905 - 0.96%
1904 - -0.62%
1903 - 1.79%
1902 - 1.59%
1901 - -2.46%
1900 - -5.57%
1899 - -2.13%
1898 - -14%
1897 - -2.38%
1896 - -0.79%
1895 - -1.33%
1894 - -4.11%
1893 - -1.77%
1892 - -2.6%
1891 - 0.51%
1890 - -3.02%
1889 - -3.79%
1888 - 0.63%
1887 - -0.76%
1886 - -3.8%
1885 - -5.71%
1884 - -3.89%
1883 - -3.33%
1882 - -1.58%
1881 - -1.9%
1880 - -4.84%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1994–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/brazil | CC BY

In 2025, Barbados' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $24.8M, equivalent to 0.31% of GDP. This compares to Brazil's deficit of $184B, or 8.07% of GDP.

Over the past 32 years, Barbados recorded a fiscal deficit in 23 of those years, while Brazil ran a deficit in 30 years. On average, Barbados posted an annual deficit equal to 1.51% of GDP, compared to deficit of 5.19% of GDP for Brazil.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Barbados

Brazil
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Barbados Brazil
2025 0.85% 5%
2024 1.45% 4.4%
2023 3.19% 4.6%
2022 - 9.3%
2021 - 8.3%
2020 - 3.2%
2019 1.68% 3.7%
2018 3.11% 3.7%
2017 4.66% 3.4%
2016 1.28% 8.7%
2015 -1.11% 9%
2014 1.77% 6.3%
2013 1.81% 6.2%
2012 4.53% 5.4%
2011 9.43% 6.6%
2010 5.82% 5%
2009 3.64% 4.9%
2008 8.11% 5.7%
2007 4.03% 3.6%
2006 7.31% 4.2%
2005 6.08% 6.9%
2004 1.39% 6.6%
2003 1.62% 14.7%
2002 0.13% 8.4%
2001 2.58% 6.8%
2000 2.44% 7%
1999 1.56% 4.9%
1998 -1.27% 3.2%
1997 7.71% 6.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/brazil | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Barbados has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.22%, compared with 6.09% in Brazil. In 2025, inflation was 0.85% in Barbados and 5% in Brazil.

Top exports between countries

Barbados
Export category Export value
Metals $126K
Chemicals & pharma $72K
Miscellaneous $70K
Precious metals & jewellery $3K
Machinery & equipment $2K
Brazil
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $11.5M
Wood & paper products $5.28M
Machinery & equipment $4.93M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.1M
Raw agricultural goods $2.2M
Precious metals & jewellery $1.9M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.16M
Chemicals & pharma $704K
Metals $355K
Animal & marine products $262K

Balance of trade

Barbados Brazil
Current account balance
-$296M
2017
-$66.7B
2025
Current account balance ranking
96/190
2017
188/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-5.07%
2017
-2.93%
2025
Goods imports
$1.53B
2017
$291B
2025
Goods exports
$705M
2017
$351B
2025
Service imports
$687M
2017
$105B
2025
Service exports
$1.52B
2017
$54.4B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP n/a
17.5%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
14.5%
2026
17.8%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Barbados Brazil
Economic freedom 70.4 52.4
Economic freedom ranking 34/197 148/197
Property rights 76.4 49.2
Government integrity 71.3 37.2
Judicial effectiveness 87.3 55.6
Tax burden 83.2 70.6
Government spending 74.5 39.8
Fiscal health 76.5 28
Business freedom 72.3 65.7
Labor freedom 54.3 57
Monetary freedom 80.8 76
Trade freedom 48.2 69
Investment freedom 60 40
Financial freedom 60 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Barbados
Brazil
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Barbados Brazil
2026 70.4 52.4
2025 68.9 55.1
2024 66.8 53.2
2023 69.8 53.5
2022 71.3 53.3
2021 65 53.4
2020 61.4 53.7
2019 64.7 51.9
2018 57 51.4
2017 54.5 52.9
2016 68.3 56.5
2015 67.9 56.6
2014 68.3 56.9
2013 69.3 57.7
2012 69 57.9
2011 68.5 56.3
2010 68.3 55.6
2009 71.5 56.7
2008 71.3 56.2
2007 70 56.2
2006 71.9 60.9
2005 70.1 61.7
2004 69.4 62
2003 71.3 63.4
2002 73.6 61.5
2001 71.5 61.9
2000 69.5 61.1
1999 66.7 61.3
1998 67.9 52.3
1997 64.5 52.6
1996 62.3 48.1
1995 - 51.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/brazil | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Barbados is 70.4, ranking 34/197, compared to 52.4 for Brazil, ranking 148/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Barbados Brazil
Services, % of GDP
75.8%
2024
59.7%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
12.2%
2024
20.1%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.55%
2024
6.09%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$7.65B
2025
$2.25T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$24,840
2025
$22,670
2025
Total reserves including gold
$1.65B
2024
$359B
2025
Total reserves ranking
131/177
2024
13/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$208M
2017
-$47.5B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$303M
2024
$74.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$18.6M
2024
$26.3B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
5.4%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
25.7%
2016
4.2%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP n/a
17.1%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/brazil | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1994–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.