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Economy of Brazil vs Guinea-Bissau compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Brazil has a GDP of $2.28T compared to $2.53B for Guinea-Bissau, ranking 11/197 and 176/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $2.13T in government debt (93.3% of GDP), compared to $1.9B (75.3% of GDP) in Guinea-Bissau.

Brazil vs Guinea-Bissau GDP by year

Brazil
Guinea-Bissau
1x
Year GDP, current $
Brazil Guinea-Bissau
2025 $2,279,920,092,492 $2,527,930,273
2024 $2,185,821,610,689 $2,197,777,210
2023 $2,191,131,765,685 $2,076,748,678
2022 $1,951,923,942,083 $1,856,239,955
2021 $1,670,647,398,905 $1,907,611,288
2020 $1,476,107,231,310 $1,705,062,170
2019 $1,873,288,205,060 $1,596,214,680
2018 $1,916,933,898,011 $1,554,133,594
2017 $2,063,514,977,366 $1,469,978,606
2016 $1,795,693,482,853 $1,245,074,264
2015 $1,802,212,206,815 $1,152,384,167
2014 $2,456,043,727,199 $1,135,250,721
2013 $2,472,819,535,557 $1,109,682,824
2012 $2,465,227,802,807 $1,049,412,177
2011 $2,616,156,223,918 $1,157,074,319
2010 $2,208,837,745,101 $940,112,539
2009 $1,666,996,438,581 $890,167,833
2008 $1,695,855,083,498 $952,667,544
2007 $1,397,114,486,369 $753,162,998
2006 $1,107,626,541,435 $634,781,901
2005 $891,633,839,894 $639,776,041
2004 $669,289,424,806 $582,169,841
2003 $558,233,745,652 $553,614,800
2002 $509,795,273,807 $466,773,711
2001 $559,983,634,799 $412,610,872
2000 $655,448,231,984 $391,345,597
1999 $599,642,024,320 $579,365,780
1998 $863,710,759,256 $591,034,143
1997 $883,206,179,730 $698,107,222
1996 $850,426,432,992 $702,965,148
1995 $769,333,050,987 $660,195,402
1994 $525,369,467,296 $612,502,085
1993 $368,292,034,381 $615,779,519
1992 $328,191,909,882 $588,309,271
1991 $342,534,090,909 $668,470,891
1990 $384,959,818,182 $634,187,269
1989 $412,990,820,287 $554,072,303
1988 $307,881,930,752 $427,514,322
1987 $283,056,836,894 $451,893,375
1986 $256,480,852,471 $338,524,233
1985 $210,879,844,639 $373,959,151
1984 $188,339,974,087 $359,980,491
1983 $189,656,506,321 $425,225,177
1982 $271,314,113,768 $430,284,022
1981 $258,015,174,749 $402,230,865
1980 $237,393,489,893 $287,648,258
1979 $221,338,204,480 $308,143,183
1978 $200,278,646,124 $318,876,550
1977 $176,344,101,402 $298,871,675
1976 $153,168,949,208 $292,152,321
1975 $129,203,555,239 $283,311,997
1974 $109,794,519,728 $256,769,730
1973 $83,592,275,863 $232,331,281
1972 $58,434,858,375 $227,986,203
1971 $48,869,830,902 $204,167,297
1970 $42,327,664,794 $204,670,551
1969 $37,171,640,819 -
1968 $33,930,457,425 -
1967 $31,086,389,195 -
1966 $28,283,323,733 -
1965 $22,465,522,884 -
1964 $20,963,733,695 -
1963 $23,287,712,878 -
1962 $19,231,747,852 -
1961 $17,275,940,449 -
1960 $17,030,465,539 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/guinea-bissau | CC BY

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Guinea-Bissau by year

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Guinea-Bissau
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Brazil Guinea-Bissau
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $10,713 - $1,124 -
2024 $10,311 $22,338 $998 $3,119
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $964 $2,990
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $882 $2,789
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $927 $2,523
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $847 $2,340
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $811 $2,247
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $809 $2,058
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $783 $2,082
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $680 $1,824
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $645 $1,730
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $652 $1,456
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $654 $1,416
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $635 $1,402
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $720 $1,472
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $600 $1,370
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $583 $1,315
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $640 $1,309
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $519 $1,260
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $449 $1,226
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $463 $1,187
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $431 $1,105
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $420 $1,089
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $362 $1,095
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $327 $1,064
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $317 $1,014
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $479 $1,001
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $498 $861
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $599 $1,118
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $615 $1,052
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $589 $945
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $561 $909
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $582 $890
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $574 $880
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $672 $877
1990 $2,581 $6,688 $651 $824
1989 $2,819 - $578 -
1988 $2,141 - $454 -
1987 $2,006 - $488 -
1986 $1,854 - $371 -
1985 $1,556 - $417 -
1984 $1,420 - $407 -
1983 $1,461 - $489 -
1982 $2,138 - $503 -
1981 $2,080 - $477 -
1980 $1,959 - $347 -
1979 $1,870 - $376 -
1978 $1,733 - $403 -
1977 $1,562 - $403 -
1976 $1,390 - $421 -
1975 $1,201 - $435 -
1974 $1,045 - $419 -
1973 $815 - $392 -
1972 $583 - $389 -
1971 $500 - $348 -
1970 $444 - $350 -
1969 $399 - - -
1968 $374 - - -
1967 $351 - - -
1966 $328 - - -
1965 $268 - - -
1964 $257.3 - - -
1963 $294.2 - - -
1962 $250.2 - - -
1961 $231.6 - - -
1960 $235.3 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/guinea-bissau | CC BY

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,713, ranking 85/197, compared to $1,124 in Guinea-Bissau, ranking 177/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338, while Guinea-Bissau ranks 179th at $3,119.

Economic indicators

Brazil Guinea-Bissau
Gross domestic product
$2.28T
2025
$2.53B
2025
GDP rank
11/197
2025
176/197
2025
GDP growth
2.29%
2024-2025
5.82%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$10,713
2025
$1,124
2025
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2025
177/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,338
2024
$3,119
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
88/197
2024
179/197
2024
Government debt
$2.13T
2025
$1.9B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
93.3%
2025
75.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$9,999
2025
$846
2025
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2025
149/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,555
2026
$1,483
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$871B
2025
n/a
Number of millionaires
386,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
70
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
39.3%
2024
26.1%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2024
3.4%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.4%
2025
19.9%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
5%
2024-2025
0.9%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
14.5%
2026
n/a
Unemployment rate
5.83%
2025
2.67%
2022
Population
213964342
2323460

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Brazil
Spending

Debt
Guinea-Bissau
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Brazil Guinea-Bissau
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 47.4% 93.3% 19.9% 75.3%
2024 45.5% 87% 20.4% 82.4%
2023 45.3% 84% 21.9% 79.4%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 21.3% 80.7%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 25% 78.8%
2020 46.2% 96% 25% 77.6%
2019 43% 87.1% 18.8% 65.1%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 19.5% 59.1%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 18.1% 51.8%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 20.5% 59.1%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 21.5% 56.3%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 23% 60.1%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 12.4% 49.6%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 13% 47.4%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 17.3% 45.6%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 18.5% 61.7%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 20.6% 148.3%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 21.8% 148.8%
2007 40.4% 63% 23.7% 164%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 19.8% 190.4%
2005 41.9% 67% 20.2% 203.7%
2004 39.7% 68% 23% 202%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 17% 183.4%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 14.1% 197.5%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 19.1% 204.4%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 23.5% 217.1%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 12.1% 109.9%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 8.72% 109.1%
1997 38.6% 31.8% 12.7% 94.3%
1996 38.2% 30.7% 8.93% 117.3%
1995 - 28% 8.14% 103.3%
1994 - 30% 18.4% 105.5%
1993 - 32.6% 13.1% 112.4%
1992 - 37.1% 10.1% 85.3%
1991 - 38.1% 9.19% 88.9%
1990 - 40.6% - -
1989 - 40.2% - -
1988 - 46.9% - -
1987 - 50.3% - -
1986 11.7% 49.4% - -
1985 11.1% 52.6% - -
1984 10% 55.8% - -
1983 9.7% 51.5% - -
1982 8.1% 32.8% - -
1981 7.8% 34.6% - -
1980 6.8% 39.7% - -
1979 9% 36.6% - -
1978 10.2% 37% - -
1977 10.4% 31% - -
1976 10.6% 31.8% - -
1975 10.7% 27.7% - -
1974 10.5% 25.7% - -
1973 11% 22.4% - -
1972 12.6% 22.5% - -
1971 11.7% 17.9% - -
1970 11.4% 17% - -
1969 11.2% 16.5% - -
1968 14.4% 15.8% - -
1967 13.5% 13.8% - -
1966 14.6% 19.6% - -
1965 14% 17.6% - -
1964 25.4% 22.2% - -
1963 22.8% 20.4% - -
1962 23.1% 23.7% - -
1961 12% 25.7% - -
1960 13.7% 22.3% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1991–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/guinea-bissau | CC BY

In 2025, Brazil's government spending was $1.08T, accounting for 47.4% of its GDP, while Guinea-Bissau spent $502M, or 19.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 93.3% in Brazil and 75.3% in Guinea-Bissau, ranking 29/185 and 49/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Guinea-Bissau
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Guinea-Bissau
2025 -8.07% -6.69%
2024 -6.17% -7.26%
2023 -7.71% -8.15%
2022 -3.96% -6.06%
2021 -2.63% -5.88%
2020 -11.6% -9.64%
2019 -4.86% -3.86%
2018 -6.99% -4.76%
2017 -7.97% -1.32%
2016 -7.99% -5.34%
2015 -9.28% -3.16%
2014 -6.27% -2.44%
2013 -3.42% -1.67%
2012 -2.35% -2.12%
2011 -2.74% -1.35%
2010 -3.55% -0.23%
2009 -4.23% 2.68%
2008 -2.39% -0.73%
2007 -2.66% -8.77%
2006 -4.87% -4.57%
2005 -3.36% -4.96%
2004 -2.95% -5.92%
2003 -5.4% -5.63%
2002 -4.15% -3.7%
2001 -3.47% -1.83%
2000 -3.32% -2.8%
1999 -5.17% -4.06%
1998 -7.22% -5.95%
1997 -5.6% -2.56%
1996 -5.35% 3.48%
1995 - 2.45%
1994 - -5.54%
1993 - -0.34%
1992 - -0.25%
1991 - 1.61%
1990 - -
1989 - -
1988 - -
1987 - -
1986 -1.6% -
1985 -1.3% -
1984 -0.4% -
1983 0.1% -
1982 1.4% -
1981 1% -
1980 2.5% -
1979 0.4% -
1978 -0.1% -
1977 0.1% -
1976 0.1% -
1975 0% -
1974 0.6% -
1973 0.1% -
1972 -0.1% -
1971 -0.3% -
1970 -0.4% -
1969 -0.6% -
1968 -1.6% -
1967 -2.1% -
1966 -1.3% -
1965 -2% -
1964 -8.79% -
1963 -5.78% -
1962 -6.82% -
1961 -2.93% -
1960 -3.85% -
1959 -0.18% -
1958 -0.76% -
1957 -0.29% -
1956 -0.14% -
1955 -0.62% -
1954 -0.49% -
1953 -1.26% -
1952 0.64% -
1951 0.87% -
1950 -1.58% -
1949 -1.22% -
1948 0.002% -
1947 0.25% -
1946 -1.78% -
1945 -2.87% -
1944 -2.37% -
1943 -0.75% -
1942 -2.55% -
1941 -2.15% -
1940 -1.13% -
1939 -1.2% -
1938 -0.59% -
1937 -1.62% -
1936 -0.27% -
1935 -0.5% -
1934 -2.28% -
1933 -1.56% -
1932 -6.47% -
1931 -1.56% -
1930 -3.58% -
1929 -0.09% -
1928 0.57% -
1927 0.12% -
1926 -0.76% -
1925 -0.07% -
1924 -0.45% -
1923 -1.94% -
1922 -3.8% -
1921 -2.98% -
1920 -3.11% -
1919 -3.69% -
1918 -4.51% -
1917 -4.8% -
1916 -4.35% -
1915 -6.33% -
1914 -7.32% -
1913 -1.91% -
1912 -3.05% -
1911 -2.15% -
1910 -2.06% -
1909 -1.62% -
1908 -1.89% -
1907 0.38% -
1906 0.28% -
1905 0.96% -
1904 -0.62% -
1903 1.79% -
1902 1.59% -
1901 -2.46% -
1900 -5.57% -
1899 -2.13% -
1898 -14% -
1897 -2.38% -
1896 -0.79% -
1895 -1.33% -
1894 -4.11% -
1893 -1.77% -
1892 -2.6% -
1891 0.51% -
1890 -3.02% -
1889 -3.79% -
1888 0.63% -
1887 -0.76% -
1886 -3.8% -
1885 -5.71% -
1884 -3.89% -
1883 -3.33% -
1882 -1.58% -
1881 -1.9% -
1880 -4.84% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1991–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/guinea-bissau | CC BY

In 2025, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $184B, equivalent to 8.07% of GDP. This compares to Guinea-Bissau's deficit of $169M, or 6.69% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 30 of those years, while Guinea-Bissau ran a deficit in 31 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to 5.19% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.35% of GDP for Guinea-Bissau.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Brazil

Guinea-Bissau
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Brazil Guinea-Bissau
2025 5% 0.9%
2024 4.4% 3.7%
2023 4.6% 7.2%
2022 9.3% 7.9%
2021 8.3% 3.3%
2020 3.2% 1.5%
2019 3.7% 0.3%
2018 3.7% 0.4%
2017 3.4% -0.2%
2016 8.7% 2.7%
2015 9% 1.5%
2014 6.3% -1%
2013 6.2% 0.8%
2012 5.4% 2.1%
2011 6.6% 5.1%
2010 5% 1.1%
2009 4.9% -1.6%
2008 5.7% 10.4%
2007 3.6% 4.6%
2006 4.2% 2%
2005 6.9% 3.4%
2004 6.6% 0.8%
2003 14.7% -3.5%
2002 8.4% 3.3%
2001 6.8% 3.3%
2000 7% 8.6%
1999 4.9% -2.1%
1998 3.2% 8.1%
1997 6.9% 49.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/guinea-bissau | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.09%, compared with 4.27% in Guinea-Bissau. In 2025, inflation was 5% in Brazil and 0.9% in Guinea-Bissau.

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.03M
Animal & marine products $1.72M
Textiles & consumer goods $652K
Raw materials & minerals $467K
Machinery & equipment $171K
Chemicals & pharma $126K
Wood & paper products $111K
Raw agricultural goods $102K
Metals $12K
Precious metals & jewellery $2K
Guinea-Bissau
Export category Export value

Balance of trade

Brazil Guinea-Bissau
Current account balance
-$66.7B
2025
-$162M
2024
Current account balance ranking
188/190
2025
87/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.93%
2025
-7.36%
2024
Goods imports
$291B
2025
$414M
2024
Goods exports
$351B
2025
$229M
2024
Service imports
$105B
2025
$198M
2024
Service exports
$54.4B
2025
$51M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.5%
2025
27%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.8%
2025
13.9%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Guinea-Bissau
Economic freedom 52.4 43.2
Economic freedom ranking 148/197 181/197
Property rights 49.2 28.4
Government integrity 37.2 21
Judicial effectiveness 55.6 13.2
Tax burden 70.6 89
Government spending 39.8 86.5
Fiscal health 28 6.5
Business freedom 65.7 34.6
Labor freedom 57 55.9
Monetary freedom 76 75.9
Trade freedom 69 47
Investment freedom 40 30
Financial freedom 40 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Brazil
Guinea-Bissau
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Guinea-Bissau
2026 52.4 43.2
2025 55.1 43.6
2024 53.2 42.7
2023 53.5 44.6
2022 53.3 46
2021 53.4 54.9
2020 53.7 53.3
2019 51.9 54
2018 51.4 56.9
2017 52.9 56.1
2016 56.5 51.8
2015 56.6 52
2014 56.9 51.3
2013 57.7 51.1
2012 57.9 50.1
2011 56.3 46.5
2010 55.6 43.6
2009 56.7 45.4
2008 56.2 44.4
2007 56.2 46.1
2006 60.9 46.5
2005 61.7 46
2004 62 42.6
2003 63.4 43.1
2002 61.5 42.3
2001 61.9 42.5
2000 61.1 34.7
1999 61.3 33.5
1998 52.3 -
1997 52.6 -
1996 48.1 -
1995 51.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/guinea-bissau | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 52.4, ranking 148/197, compared to 43.2 for Guinea-Bissau, ranking 181/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Brazil Guinea-Bissau
Services, % of GDP
59.7%
2025
39.1%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
20.1%
2025
15.7%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
6.09%
2025
40.6%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$2.25T
2025
$2.45B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$22,670
2025
$3,320
2025
Total reserves including gold
$359B
2025
n/a
Total reserves ranking
13/177
2025
n/a
Net foreign direct investment
-$47.5B
2025
-$26.3M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$74.1B
2024
$26.7M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
$389K
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.4%
2024
1.77%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
50.5%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17.1%
2025
25.8%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/guinea-bissau | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1991–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.