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Economy of Brazil vs Finland compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Brazil has a GDP of $2.19T compared to $299B for Finland, ranking 10/197 and 47/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $1.91T in government debt (87.3% of GDP), compared to $245B (82.1% of GDP) in Finland.

Brazil vs Finland GDP by year

Brazil
Finland
1x
Year GDP, current $
Brazil Finland
2024 $2,185,821,648,944 $298,696,961,298
2023 $2,191,131,869,706 $295,021,982,463
2022 $1,951,923,832,084 $280,253,099,309
2021 $1,670,647,464,063 $294,223,210,496
2020 $1,476,107,292,152 $270,000,311,606
2019 $1,873,288,158,839 $267,014,821,129
2018 $1,916,933,708,353 $273,869,255,596
2017 $2,063,514,688,806 $253,846,138,440
2016 $1,795,693,265,999 $238,777,818,793
2015 $1,802,211,999,456 $233,210,733,506
2014 $2,456,043,766,032 $273,478,528,955
2013 $2,472,819,362,044 $270,268,036,626
2012 $2,465,228,293,707 $257,443,384,493
2011 $2,616,156,606,579 $275,126,915,516
2010 $2,208,838,108,484 $249,429,613,683
2009 $1,666,996,294,252 $253,480,783,439
2008 $1,695,855,391,758 $285,698,662,071
2007 $1,397,114,247,189 $256,360,251,538
2006 $1,107,626,711,163 $217,044,068,234
2005 $891,633,826,625 $204,859,368,791
2004 $669,289,321,945 $197,458,297,640
2003 $558,233,724,165 $171,612,867,736
2002 $509,795,270,685 $140,360,963,812
2001 $559,983,704,094 $129,519,672,869
2000 $655,448,188,259 $125,967,821,111
1999 $599,642,075,004 $135,234,241,918
1998 $863,711,007,325 $133,990,876,725
1997 $883,206,452,795 $126,862,902,302
1996 $850,426,433,004 $131,991,975,149
1995 $769,333,330,412 $134,060,457,516
1994 $525,369,851,354 $103,182,697,780
1993 $368,295,778,245 $89,112,105,756
1992 $328,187,960,872 $112,537,828,511
1991 $342,609,231,343 $127,794,441,994
1990 $390,725,626,003 $141,446,120,355
1989 $412,990,820,287 $118,991,270,611
1988 $307,881,930,752 $109,039,090,263
1987 $283,056,836,894 $91,564,993,913
1986 $256,480,852,471 $73,511,611,541
1985 $210,879,844,639 $55,856,676,899
1984 $188,339,974,087 $52,870,993,273
1983 $189,656,506,321 $50,956,447,481
1982 $271,314,113,768 $52,784,013,815
1981 $258,015,174,749 $52,440,066,134
1980 $237,393,489,893 $53,649,984,061
1979 $221,338,204,480 $44,469,218,440
1978 $200,278,646,124 $36,259,392,058
1977 $176,344,101,402 $33,502,784,418
1976 $153,168,949,208 $31,852,352,670
1975 $129,203,555,239 $29,475,251,333
1974 $109,794,519,728 $24,851,036,710
1973 $83,592,275,863 $19,474,098,335
1972 $58,434,858,375 $14,744,499,570
1971 $48,869,830,902 $12,528,522,307
1970 $42,327,664,794 $11,358,529,162
1969 $37,171,640,819 $10,177,524,839
1968 $33,930,457,425 $8,916,565,041
1967 $31,086,389,195 $9,468,272,357
1966 $28,283,323,733 $9,306,142,172
1965 $22,465,522,884 $8,680,393,839
1964 $20,963,733,695 $7,848,987,793
1963 $23,287,712,878 $6,958,916,548
1962 $19,231,747,852 $6,407,796,043
1961 $17,275,940,449 $5,984,433,774
1960 $17,030,465,539 $5,279,481,824

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/finland | CC BY

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Finland by year

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Finland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Brazil Finland
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $10,311 $22,338 $53,150 $65,378
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $52,834 $63,415
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $50,441 $62,133
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $53,099 $56,790
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $48,829 $53,297
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $48,358 $52,276
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $49,654 $49,249
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $46,085 $47,235
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $43,451 $44,562
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $42,560 $42,258
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $50,074 $41,547
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $49,691 $41,326
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $47,552 $40,739
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $51,060 $40,846
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $46,506 $38,946
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $47,478 $37,988
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $53,769 $40,081
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $48,473 $37,843
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $41,214 $34,440
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $39,050 $32,048
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $37,768 $31,195
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $32,920 $29,043
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $26,989 $28,596
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $24,965 $27,798
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $24,336 $26,783
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $26,180 $24,762
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $26,000 $23,570
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $24,682 $21,787
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $25,757 $20,067
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $26,246 $19,568
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $20,278 $18,458
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $17,589 $17,458
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $22,320 $17,271
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $25,489 $17,563
1990 $2,620 $6,688 $28,366 $18,149
1989 $2,819 - $23,969 -
1988 $2,141 - $22,044 -
1987 $2,006 - $18,565 -
1986 $1,854 - $14,947 -
1985 $1,556 - $11,394 -
1984 $1,420 - $10,830 -
1983 $1,461 - $10,494 -
1982 $2,138 - $10,935 -
1981 $2,080 - $10,925 -
1980 $1,959 - $11,225 -
1979 $1,870 - $9,333 -
1978 $1,733 - $7,629 -
1977 $1,562 - $7,070 -
1976 $1,390 - $6,740 -
1975 $1,201 - $6,256 -
1974 $1,045 - $5,298 -
1973 $815 - $4,174 -
1972 $583 - $3,178 -
1971 $500 - $2,716 -
1970 $444 - $2,466 -
1969 $399 - $2,201 -
1968 $374 - $1,927 -
1967 $351 - $2,056 -
1966 $328 - $2,032 -
1965 $268 - $1,902 -
1964 $257.3 - $1,726 -
1963 $294.2 - $1,538 -
1962 $250.2 - $1,427 -
1961 $231.6 - $1,341 -
1960 $235.3 - $1,192 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/finland | CC BY

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,311, ranking 85/197, compared to $53,150 in Finland, ranking 23/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338, while Finland ranks 27th at $65,378.

Economic indicators

Brazil Finland
Gross domestic product
$2.19T
2024
$299B
2024
GDP rank
10/197
2024
47/197
2024
GDP growth
3.42%
2023-2024
0.42%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,311
2024
$53,150
2024
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2024
23/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,338
2024
$65,378
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
88/197
2024
27/197
2024
Government debt
$1.91T
2024
$245B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
87.3%
2024
82.1%
2024
Government debt per person
$8,999
2024
$43,662
2024
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2024
12/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,263
2026
$36,394
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$659B
2024
$20.3B
2004
Number of millionaires
433,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
56
2025
7
2025
Income share by richest 10%
40.8%
2023
22.5%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2023
3.7%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
45.7%
2024
57.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.4%
2023-2024
1.57%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
15%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.8%
2024
8.34%
2024
Population
213824938
5631965

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Brazil
Spending

Debt
Finland
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Brazil Finland
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 45.7% 87.3% 57.7% 82.1%
2023 45.3% 84% 55.9% 77.5%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 52.6% 74%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 55.2% 73.2%
2020 46.2% 96% 56.5% 75.3%
2019 43% 87.1% 52.6% 65.3%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 52.7% 65.3%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 52.8% 66.6%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 55.1% 68.6%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 55.7% 68.8%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 57.6% 64.8%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 57.1% 60.8%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 55.7% 57.9%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 53.8% 52%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 54% 50.1%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 54.1% 41.5%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 47.9% 32.6%
2007 40.4% 63% 46.7% 33.9%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 48.3% 38%
2005 41.9% 67% 49.2% 39.9%
2004 39.7% 68% 48.2% 42.6%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 48.3% 42.7%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 47.5% 40.1%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 46.2% 40.9%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 46.9% 42.4%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 49.9% 44%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 51.3% 46.8%
1997 38.6% 31.8% 54.9% 52.2%
1996 38.2% 30.7% 58.5% 55.4%
1995 - 28% 60% 55.2%
1994 - 30% 62.2% 56.2%
1993 - 32.6% 63.7% 54.2%
1992 - 37.1% 60.8% 39.3%
1991 - 38.1% 55.8% 21.9%
1990 - 40.6% 47.1% 13.9%
1989 - 40.2% 44.4% 14.3%
1988 - 46.9% 46.4% 16.5%
1987 - 50.3% 47.8% 17.6%
1986 11.7% 49.4% 46.9% 16.4%
1985 11.1% 52.6% 46.3% 15.8%
1984 10% 55.8% 44.4% 15.2%
1983 9.7% 51.5% 44.4% 15.4%
1982 8.1% 32.8% 42.7% 13.9%
1981 7.8% 34.6% 41% 11.5%
1980 6.8% 39.7% 40.1% 10.9%
1979 9% 36.6% 40.3% 11%
1978 10.2% 37% 41.3% 10.7%
1977 10.4% 31% 41.7% 8.22%
1976 10.6% 31.8% 39.8% 7.09%
1975 10.7% 27.7% 38.6% 6.76%
1974 10.5% 25.7% 22.9% 2.97%
1973 11% 22.4% 21.8% 4.42%
1972 12.6% 22.5% 20.4% 6.46%
1971 11.7% 17.9% 22.8% 7.94%
1970 11.4% 17% 21.9% 9.19%
1969 11.2% 16.5% 22.2% 10.8%
1968 14.4% 15.8% 25.5% 13.9%
1967 13.5% 13.8% 23.5% 14.2%
1966 14.6% 19.6% 23.3% 13.7%
1965 14% 17.6% 23.2% 13%
1964 25.4% 22.2% 22.8% 12.5%
1963 22.8% 20.4% 21.6% 12.2%
1962 23.1% 23.7% 23.9% 10.3%
1961 12% 25.7% 22.7% 9.12%
1960 13.7% 22.3% 22.5% 9.96%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/finland | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government spending was $998B, accounting for 45.7% of its GDP, while Finland spent $172B, or 57.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 87.3% in Brazil and 82.1% in Finland, ranking 38/185 and 42/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Finland
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Finland
2024 -6.19% -4.41%
2023 -7.71% -2.98%
2022 -3.96% -0.18%
2021 -2.63% -2.69%
2020 -11.6% -5.53%
2019 -4.86% -0.93%
2018 -6.99% -0.87%
2017 -7.97% -0.63%
2016 -7.99% -1.7%
2015 -9.28% -2.43%
2014 -6.27% -2.99%
2013 -3.42% -2.52%
2012 -2.35% -2.15%
2011 -2.74% -1.01%
2010 -3.55% -2.57%
2009 -4.23% -2.48%
2008 -2.39% 4.18%
2007 -2.66% 5.12%
2006 -4.87% 3.93%
2005 -3.36% 2.59%
2004 -2.95% 2.16%
2003 -5.4% 2.34%
2002 -4.15% 3.97%
2001 -3.47% 4.89%
2000 -3.32% 6.73%
1999 -5.17% 1.6%
1998 -7.22% 1.54%
1997 -5.6% -1.33%
1996 -5.35% -3.37%
1995 - -5.98%
1994 - -6.41%
1993 - -8.09%
1992 - -4.88%
1991 - 0.3%
1990 - 6.63%
1989 - 6.73%
1988 - 5.09%
1987 - 1.63%
1986 -1.6% 3.83%
1985 -1.3% 3.33%
1984 -0.4% 3.23%
1983 0.1% 1.52%
1982 1.4% 3.06%
1981 1% 5.11%
1980 2.5% 3.7%
1979 0.4% 3.41%
1978 -0.1% 3.83%
1977 0.1% 6.27%
1976 0.1% 7.65%
1975 0% 4.96%
1974 0.6% -0.03%
1973 0.1% 1.48%
1972 -0.1% -0.18%
1971 -0.3% 0.15%
1970 -0.4% 1.06%
1969 -0.6% 0.94%
1968 -1.6% -1.69%
1967 -2.1% -0.26%
1966 -1.3% -1.08%
1965 -2% -1.67%
1964 -8.79% -1.35%
1963 -5.78% -2.5%
1962 -6.82% -2.37%
1961 -2.93% -3.03%
1960 -3.85% -0.52%
1959 -0.18% -0.12%
1958 -0.76% -1.73%
1957 -0.29% 0.08%
1956 -0.14% -1.14%
1955 -0.62% -1%
1954 -0.49% -0.17%
1953 -1.26% 0.02%
1952 0.64% -1.24%
1951 0.87% 1.1%
1950 -1.58% -0.26%
1949 -1.22% -2.77%
1948 0.002% 1.88%
1947 0.25% -5.99%
1946 -1.78% -15.3%
1945 -2.87% -6.35%
1944 -2.37% -21.5%
1943 -0.75% -14.2%
1942 -2.55% -16.4%
1941 -2.15% -35.8%
1940 -1.13% -36.9%
1939 -1.2% -9.76%
1938 -0.59% -1.48%
1937 -1.62% -4.44%
1936 -0.27% -3.75%
1935 -0.5% -3.81%
1934 -2.28% -2.81%
1933 -1.56% -1.63%
1932 -6.47% -2.61%
1931 -1.56% -2.32%
1930 -3.58% -1.94%
1929 -0.09% -0.78%
1928 0.57% -2.07%
1927 0.12% -0.32%
1926 -0.76% -2.9%
1925 -0.07% -2.92%
1924 -0.45% 0.04%
1923 -1.94% -2.3%
1922 -3.8% 0.62%
1921 -2.98% -2.59%
1920 -3.11% -2.6%
1919 -3.69% -7.49%
1918 -4.51% -11.4%
1917 -4.8% -1.27%
1916 -4.35% 1.48%
1915 -6.33% -0.29%
1914 -7.32% -1.15%
1913 -1.91% -0.25%
1912 -3.05% 0.33%
1911 -2.15% -0.14%
1910 -2.06% -0.3%
1909 -1.62% -2.64%
1908 -1.89% -1.92%
1907 0.38% 0.24%
1906 0.28% 0.86%
1905 0.96% -1.28%
1904 -0.62% -1.63%
1903 1.79% -0.3%
1902 1.59% -1.74%
1901 -2.46% -2.13%
1900 -5.57% -0.52%
1899 -2.13% -1%
1898 -14% -4.55%
1897 -2.38% -0.37%
1896 -0.79% -0.56%
1895 -1.33% -1.21%
1894 -4.11% -0.62%
1893 -1.77% 0%
1892 -2.6% 0.82%
1891 0.51% 0.16%
1890 -3.02% 0.17%
1889 -3.79% 0.18%
1888 0.63% -0.59%
1887 -0.76% -1.46%
1886 -3.8% 0%
1885 -5.71% -1.2%
1884 -3.89% -0.2%
1883 -3.33% 0%
1882 -1.58% 0.2%
1881 -1.9% -
1880 -4.84% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/finland | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $135B, equivalent to 6.19% of GDP. This compares to Finland's deficit of $13.2B, or 4.41% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 46 of those years, while Finland ran a deficit in 33 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to 3.24% of GDP, compared to surplus of 0.49% of GDP for Finland.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Brazil

Finland
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Brazil Finland
2024 4.4% 1.57%
2023 4.6% 6.25%
2022 9.3% 7.12%
2021 8.3% 2.19%
2020 3.2% 0.29%
2019 3.7% 1.02%
2018 3.7% 1.08%
2017 3.4% 0.75%
2016 8.7% 0.36%
2015 9% -0.21%
2014 6.3% 1.04%
2013 6.2% 1.48%
2012 5.4% 2.81%
2011 6.6% 3.42%
2010 5% 1.18%
2009 4.9% -0%
2008 5.7% 4.07%
2007 3.6% 2.51%
2006 4.2% 1.57%
2005 6.9% 0.62%
2004 6.6% 0.19%
2003 14.7% 0.88%
2002 8.4% 1.57%
2001 6.8% 2.58%
2000 7% 3.04%
1999 4.9% 1.16%
1998 3.2% 1.4%
1997 6.9% 1.19%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/finland | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.13%, compared with 1.83% in Finland. In 2024, inflation was 4.4% in Brazil and 1.57% in Finland.

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $284M
Raw agricultural goods $104M
Metals $51.6M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $31.1M
Machinery & equipment $15.2M
Wood & paper products $4.86M
Chemicals & pharma $1.68M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.42M
Weapons & explosives $169K
Animal & marine products $95K
Finland
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $337M
IT & IP services $122M
Business & finance services $113M
Raw materials & minerals $61.3M
Wood & paper products $60.1M
Chemicals & pharma $54M
Metals $25.9M
Manufacturing & construction services $22.8M
Transport & tourism services $13.7M
Textiles & consumer goods $5.42M

Balance of trade

Brazil Finland
Current account balance
-$66.2B
2024
-$1.99B
2024
Current account balance ranking
188/190
2024
143/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.03%
2024
-0.67%
2024
Goods imports
$274B
2024
$76.6B
2024
Goods exports
$340B
2024
$83.1B
2024
Service imports
$103B
2024
$47.4B
2024
Service exports
$48.1B
2024
$42B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.6%
2024
41.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.9%
2024
41.9%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Finland
Economic freedom 52.4 76.6
Economic freedom ranking 148/197 15/197
Property rights 49.2 99.9
Government integrity 37.2 95.4
Judicial effectiveness 55.6 96.4
Tax burden 70.6 68.4
Government spending 39.8 7.9
Fiscal health 28 76.3
Business freedom 65.7 85.3
Labor freedom 57 65.4
Monetary freedom 76 80.3
Trade freedom 69 79.4
Investment freedom 40 85
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Brazil
Finland
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Finland
2026 52.4 76.6
2025 55.1 77
2024 53.2 76.3
2023 53.5 77.1
2022 53.3 78.3
2021 53.4 76.1
2020 53.7 75.7
2019 51.9 74.9
2018 51.4 74.1
2017 52.9 74
2016 56.5 72.6
2015 56.6 73.4
2014 56.9 73.4
2013 57.7 74
2012 57.9 72.3
2011 56.3 74
2010 55.6 73.8
2009 56.7 74.5
2008 56.2 74.6
2007 56.2 74
2006 60.9 72.9
2005 61.7 71
2004 62 73.4
2003 63.4 73.7
2002 61.5 73.6
2001 61.9 69.7
2000 61.1 64.3
1999 61.3 63.9
1998 52.3 63.5
1997 52.6 65.2
1996 48.1 63.7
1995 51.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/finland | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 52.4, ranking 148/197, compared to 76.6 for Finland, ranking 15/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Brazil Finland
Services, % of GDP
59.2%
2024
62.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.9%
2024
22.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.75%
2024
2.47%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.11T
2024
$290B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,590
2024
$65,640
2024
Total reserves including gold
$330B
2024
$18B
2024
Total reserves ranking
11/177
2024
65/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$47.8B
2024
$3.28B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$74.1B
2024
$8.74B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
$12B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.4%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
12.2%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17%
2024
22.3%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/finland | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.