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Economy of Brazil vs Haiti compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Brazil has a GDP of $2.28T compared to $32.1B for Haiti, ranking 11/197 and 112/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $2.13T in government debt (93.3% of GDP), compared to $3.95B (12.3% of GDP) in Haiti.

Brazil vs Haiti GDP by year

Brazil
Haiti
1x
Year GDP, current $
Brazil Haiti
2025 $2,279,920,092,492 $32,077,278,409
2024 $2,185,821,610,689 $24,255,657,481
2023 $2,191,131,765,685 $19,572,288,894
2022 $1,951,923,942,083 $20,113,007,126
2021 $1,670,647,398,905 $20,754,978,152
2020 $1,476,107,231,310 $14,508,222,518
2019 $1,873,288,205,060 $15,016,090,930
2018 $1,916,933,898,011 $16,403,864,618
2017 $2,063,514,977,366 $15,093,357,161
2016 $1,795,693,482,853 $14,069,277,526
2015 $1,802,212,206,815 $14,849,629,309
2014 $2,456,043,727,199 $15,146,883,498
2013 $2,472,819,535,557 $14,902,488,604
2012 $2,465,227,802,807 $13,708,925,477
2011 $2,616,156,223,918 $13,008,746,039
2010 $2,208,837,745,101 $11,859,312,725
2009 $1,666,996,438,581 $11,597,002,835
2008 $1,695,855,083,498 $10,432,962,635
2007 $1,397,114,486,369 $9,228,637,768
2006 $1,107,626,541,435 $7,638,739,123
2005 $891,633,839,894 $7,030,149,730
2004 $669,289,424,806 $6,087,360,684
2003 $558,233,745,652 $5,071,947,798
2002 $509,795,273,807 $6,205,847,214
2001 $559,983,634,799 $6,331,970,324
2000 $655,448,231,984 $6,813,566,099
1999 $599,642,024,320 $4,153,725,884
1998 $863,710,759,256 $3,723,903,724
1997 $883,206,179,730 $3,338,949,152
1996 $850,426,432,992 $2,907,517,604
1995 $769,333,050,987 $2,813,313,279
1994 $525,369,467,296 $2,167,569,046
1993 $368,292,034,381 $1,878,253,767
1992 $328,191,909,882 $2,257,129,792
1991 $342,534,090,909 $3,473,562,628
1990 $384,959,818,182 $3,096,289,800
1989 $412,990,820,287 $2,736,243,800
1988 $307,881,930,752 $2,613,926,800
1987 $283,056,836,894 $2,047,200,000
1986 $256,480,852,471 $2,318,000,000
1985 $210,879,844,639 $2,009,400,000
1984 $188,339,974,087 $1,816,200,000
1983 $189,656,506,321 $1,623,600,000
1982 $271,314,113,768 $1,474,200,000
1981 $258,015,174,749 $1,479,400,000
1980 $237,393,489,893 $1,383,800,000
1979 $221,338,204,480 $1,080,600,000
1978 $200,278,646,124 $974,200,000
1977 $176,344,101,402 $947,000,000
1976 $153,168,949,208 $879,000,000
1975 $129,203,555,239 $681,400,000
1974 $109,794,519,728 $565,399,322
1973 $83,592,275,863 $466,798,973
1972 $58,434,858,375 $371,998,958
1971 $48,869,830,902 $362,800,000
1970 $42,327,664,794 $331,200,000
1969 $37,171,640,819 $391,820,400
1968 $33,930,457,425 $367,968,800
1967 $31,086,389,195 $369,124,200
1966 $28,283,323,733 $368,948,600
1965 $22,465,522,884 $353,251,800
1964 $20,963,733,695 $325,281,200
1963 $23,287,712,878 $294,883,400
1962 $19,231,747,852 $281,896,800
1961 $17,275,940,449 $271,066,000
1960 $17,030,465,539 $273,187,200

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/haiti | CC BY

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Haiti by year

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Haiti
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Brazil Haiti
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $10,713 - $2,694 -
2024 $10,311 $22,338 $2,060 $3,194
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $1,682 $3,292
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $1,748 $3,275
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $1,825 $3,145
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $1,290 $3,103
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $1,352 $3,237
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $1,496 $3,197
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $1,395 $3,339
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $1,318 $3,253
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $1,411 $3,026
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $1,460 $3,076
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $1,458 $3,042
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $1,361 $2,830
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $1,312 $2,858
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $1,210 $2,695
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $1,197 $2,855
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $1,095 $2,724
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $985 $2,647
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $829 $2,504
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $776 $2,427
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $683 $2,322
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $579 $2,331
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $721 $2,248
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $749 $2,230
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $821 $2,229
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $510 $2,201
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $465 $2,152
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $425 $2,122
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $377 $2,070
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $372 $1,989
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $292.1 $1,807
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $258.1 $2,048
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $316 $2,158
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $497 $2,273
1990 $2,581 $6,688 $452 $2,202
1989 $2,819 - $407 -
1988 $2,141 - $397 -
1987 $2,006 - $318 -
1986 $1,854 - $367 -
1985 $1,556 - $325 -
1984 $1,420 - $299.2 -
1983 $1,461 - $272.8 -
1982 $2,138 - $252.6 -
1981 $2,080 - $258.5 -
1980 $1,959 - $246.5 -
1979 $1,870 - $196.2 -
1978 $1,733 - $180.3 -
1977 $1,562 - $178.7 -
1976 $1,390 - $169.1 -
1975 $1,201 - $133.6 -
1974 $1,045 - $113 -
1973 $815 - $95.1 -
1972 $583 - $77.3 -
1971 $500 - $76.8 -
1970 $444 - $71.5 -
1969 $399 - $86.1 -
1968 $374 - $82.4 -
1967 $351 - $84.2 -
1966 $328 - $85.7 -
1965 $268 - $83.6 -
1964 $257.3 - $78.5 -
1963 $294.2 - $72.4 -
1962 $250.2 - $70.4 -
1961 $231.6 - $69 -
1960 $235.3 - $70.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/haiti | CC BY

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,713, ranking 85/197, compared to $2,694 in Haiti, ranking 150/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338, while Haiti ranks 177th at $3,194.

Economic indicators

Brazil Haiti
Gross domestic product
$2.28T
2025
$32.1B
2025
GDP rank
11/197
2025
112/197
2025
GDP growth
2.29%
2024-2025
-2.71%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$10,713
2025
$2,694
2025
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2025
150/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,338
2024
$3,194
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
88/197
2024
177/197
2024
Government debt
$2.13T
2025
$3.95B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
93.3%
2025
12.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$9,999
2025
$332
2025
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2025
177/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,555
2026
$2,152
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$871B
2025
n/a
Number of millionaires
386,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
70
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
39.3%
2024
31.2%
2012
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2024
2.1%
2012
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.4%
2025
6.19%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
5%
2024-2025
28.6%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
14.5%
2026
n/a
Unemployment rate
5.83%
2025
14.1%
2012
Population
213964342
12106577

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Brazil
Spending

Debt
Haiti
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Brazil Haiti
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 47.4% 93.3% 6.19% 12.3%
2024 45.5% 87% 5.25% 15.5%
2023 45.3% 84% 6.46% 27.8%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 8.33% 29.2%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 9.42% 28.4%
2020 46.2% 96% 9.86% 22.3%
2019 43% 87.1% 9.59% 26.5%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 11.3% 24.1%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 10.2% 22.5%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 10.5% 24.4%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 12.7% 23.9%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 14.6% 21.4%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 15.9% 25.1%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 16.4% 24.1%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 14.1% 22.3%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 12.6% 24.9%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 11.6% 19.4%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 11.2% 33.9%
2007 40.4% 63% 11.1% 24.4%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 9.67% 32.2%
2005 41.9% 67% 8.75% 29.7%
2004 39.7% 68% 7.38% 30.4%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 7.83% 37.8%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 6.64% 32%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 6.11% 28.8%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 6.25% 32.5%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 6.91% 24.1%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 5.4% 24%
1997 38.6% 31.8% 5.46% 26.2%
1996 38.2% 30.7% - 26.2%
1995 - 28% - 26.2%
1994 - 30% - 35.3%
1993 - 32.6% - 98%
1992 - 37.1% - 118.9%
1991 - 38.1% - 80.7%
1990 - 40.6% - 85.1%
1989 - 40.2% - 98.7%
1988 - 46.9% - 90.9%
1987 - 50.3% 32.4% 58.6%
1986 11.7% 49.4% 15.1% 26.5%
1985 11.1% 52.6% 17.4% 25.6%
1984 10% 55.8% 16.9% 27.3%
1983 9.7% 51.5% 21.9% 28.9%
1982 8.1% 32.8% 20.7% 25.5%
1981 7.8% 34.6% 17.4% 23.7%
1980 6.8% 39.7% 17.2% 20.3%
1979 9% 36.6% 13.1% 19.8%
1978 10.2% 37% 18.9% 20.1%
1977 10.4% 31% 16.7% 18.5%
1976 10.6% 31.8% 13.4% 14.9%
1975 10.7% 27.7% 12.8% 14.2%
1974 10.5% 25.7% 9.24% 13.3%
1973 11% 22.4% 9.4% 8.92%
1972 12.6% 22.5% 11.2% 11.1%
1971 11.7% 17.9% 11.2% 11%
1970 11.4% 17% 11.4% 12.5%
1969 11.2% 16.5% 10.1% -
1968 14.4% 15.8% 10.3% -
1967 13.5% 13.8% 7.52% -
1966 14.6% 19.6% 7.2% -
1965 14% 17.6% 7.91% -
1964 25.4% 22.2% - -
1963 22.8% 20.4% 8.95% -
1962 23.1% 23.7% - -
1961 12% 25.7% - -
1960 13.7% 22.3% 7.34% 21.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/haiti | CC BY

In 2025, Brazil's government spending was $1.08T, accounting for 47.4% of its GDP, while Haiti spent $1.99B, or 6.19% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 93.3% in Brazil and 12.3% in Haiti, ranking 29/185 and 179/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Haiti
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Haiti
2025 -8.07% -0.22%
2024 -6.17% 6.96%
2023 -7.71% 0.77%
2022 -3.96% -1.75%
2021 -2.63% -2.45%
2020 -11.6% -1.96%
2019 -4.86% -1.99%
2018 -6.99% -1.13%
2017 -7.97% -0.32%
2016 -7.99% 0.12%
2015 -9.28% -1.47%
2014 -6.27% -3.64%
2013 -3.42% -3.98%
2012 -2.35% -2.71%
2011 -2.74% -1.43%
2010 -3.55% -1.5%
2009 -4.23% -2%
2008 -2.39% -1.8%
2007 -2.66% -1.55%
2006 -4.87% -0.91%
2005 -3.36% -0.83%
2004 -2.95% -1.34%
2003 -5.4% -2.24%
2002 -4.15% -1.8%
2001 -3.47% -1.55%
2000 -3.32% -1.36%
1999 -5.17% -1.54%
1998 -7.22% 0.21%
1997 -5.6% 0.37%
1996 -5.35% -
1995 - -
1994 - -
1993 - -
1992 - -
1991 - -
1990 - -
1989 - -
1988 - -
1987 - -4.94%
1986 -1.6% -1.4%
1985 -1.3% -0.97%
1984 -0.4% -3.52%
1983 0.1% -5.72%
1982 1.4% -3.93%
1981 1% -4.38%
1980 2.5% -5.68%
1979 0.4% -2.21%
1978 -0.1% -3.24%
1977 0.1% -2.85%
1976 0.1% -1.16%
1975 0% -1.73%
1974 0.6% 0.23%
1973 0.1% 0.03%
1972 -0.1% 0.24%
1971 -0.3% -0.08%
1970 -0.4% -0.19%
1969 -0.6% -0.39%
1968 -1.6% -0.46%
1967 -2.1% 0%
1966 -1.3% 0%
1965 -2% 0%
1964 -8.79% -
1963 -5.78% 0%
1962 -6.82% -
1961 -2.93% -
1960 -3.85% 0.006%
1959 -0.18% -1.11%
1958 -0.76% -2.21%
1957 -0.29% 0.28%
1956 -0.14% -2.18%
1955 -0.62% -0.86%
1954 -0.49% -0.81%
1953 -1.26% -1.01%
1952 0.64% -
1951 0.87% -
1950 -1.58% -
1949 -1.22% -0.12%
1948 0.002% 0.21%
1947 0.25% 1.06%
1946 -1.78% 0.51%
1945 -2.87% 0.47%
1944 -2.37% -
1943 -0.75% -
1942 -2.55% -
1941 -2.15% -0.21%
1940 -1.13% 0.13%
1939 -1.2% -0.16%
1938 -0.59% 0.15%
1937 -1.62% -0.08%
1936 -0.27% -0.06%
1935 -0.5% -0.2%
1934 -2.28% -1.23%
1933 -1.56% 0%
1932 -6.47% 0.4%
1931 -1.56% -0.49%
1930 -3.58% -0.52%
1929 -0.09% -0.32%
1928 0.57% -0.25%
1927 0.12% 0.73%
1926 -0.76% -0.45%
1925 -0.07% 0.05%
1924 -0.45% -0.14%
1923 -1.94% -
1922 -3.8% -
1921 -2.98% -
1920 -3.11% -
1919 -3.69% -
1918 -4.51% -
1917 -4.8% -
1916 -4.35% -
1915 -6.33% -
1914 -7.32% -
1913 -1.91% -
1912 -3.05% -
1911 -2.15% -
1910 -2.06% -
1909 -1.62% -
1908 -1.89% -
1907 0.38% -
1906 0.28% -
1905 0.96% -
1904 -0.62% -
1903 1.79% -
1902 1.59% -
1901 -2.46% -
1900 -5.57% -
1899 -2.13% -
1898 -14% -
1897 -2.38% -
1896 -0.79% -
1895 -1.33% -
1894 -4.11% -
1893 -1.77% -
1892 -2.6% -
1891 0.51% -
1890 -3.02% -
1889 -3.79% -
1888 0.63% -
1887 -0.76% -
1886 -3.8% -
1885 -5.71% -
1884 -3.89% -
1883 -3.33% -
1882 -1.58% -
1881 -1.9% -
1880 -4.84% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/haiti | CC BY

In 2025, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $184B, equivalent to 8.07% of GDP. This compares to Haiti's deficit of $71.5M, or 0.22% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 47 of those years, while Haiti ran a deficit in 41 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to 3.32% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.4% of GDP for Haiti.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Brazil

Haiti
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Brazil Haiti
2025 5% 28.6%
2024 4.4% 26.9%
2023 4.6% 36.8%
2022 9.3% 34%
2021 8.3% 16.8%
2020 3.2% 22.8%
2019 3.7% 18.7%
2018 3.7% 12.5%
2017 3.4% 10.7%
2016 8.7% 11.5%
2015 9% 6.73%
2014 6.3% 3.44%
2013 6.2% 4.77%
2012 5.4% 5.02%
2011 6.6% 6.33%
2010 5% 4.83%
2009 4.9% 0.39%
2008 5.7% 15.3%
2007 3.6% 6.56%
2006 4.2% 11.3%
2005 6.9% 14%
2004 6.6% 21%
2003 14.7% 28.7%
2002 8.4% 7.03%
2001 6.8% 13.3%
2000 7% 9.33%
1999 4.9% 3%
1998 3.2% 5.27%
1997 6.9% 20.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/haiti | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.09%, compared with 14% in Haiti. In 2025, inflation was 5% in Brazil and 28.6% in Haiti.

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $28.1M
Animal & marine products $24.2M
Wood & paper products $7.45M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.71M
Metals $3.49M
Chemicals & pharma $3.19M
Machinery & equipment $3.14M
Weapons & explosives $2.35M
Raw agricultural goods $741K
Raw materials & minerals $150K
Haiti
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $129K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $66K
Metals $52K
Textiles & consumer goods $12K

Balance of trade

Brazil Haiti
Current account balance
-$66.7B
2025
-$145M
2024
Current account balance ranking
188/190
2025
85/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.93%
2025
-0.6%
2024
Goods imports
$291B
2025
$4.27B
2024
Goods exports
$351B
2025
$767M
2024
Service imports
$105B
2025
$518M
2024
Service exports
$54.4B
2025
$96.6M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.5%
2025
14.3%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.8%
2025
1.56%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Haiti
Economic freedom 52.4 46.1
Economic freedom ranking 148/197 178/197
Property rights 49.2 6.6
Government integrity 37.2 13
Judicial effectiveness 55.6 17.3
Tax burden 70.6 81.7
Government spending 39.8 98.7
Fiscal health 28 99.5
Business freedom 65.7 30.7
Labor freedom 57 54.7
Monetary freedom 76 45.1
Trade freedom 69 66.4
Investment freedom 40 20
Financial freedom 40 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Brazil
Haiti
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Haiti
2026 52.4 46.1
2025 55.1 46.1
2024 53.2 48.2
2023 53.5 49.9
2022 53.3 50
2021 53.4 50.8
2020 53.7 52.3
2019 51.9 52.7
2018 51.4 55.8
2017 52.9 49.6
2016 56.5 51.3
2015 56.6 51.3
2014 56.9 48.9
2013 57.7 48.1
2012 57.9 50.7
2011 56.3 52.1
2010 55.6 50.8
2009 56.7 50.5
2008 56.2 49
2007 56.2 51.4
2006 60.9 49.2
2005 61.7 48.4
2004 62 51.2
2003 63.4 50.6
2002 61.5 47.9
2001 61.9 47.1
2000 61.1 45.7
1999 61.3 45.9
1998 52.3 45.7
1997 52.6 45.8
1996 48.1 41
1995 51.4 43

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/haiti | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 52.4, ranking 148/197, compared to 46.1 for Haiti, ranking 178/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Brazil Haiti
Services, % of GDP
59.7%
2025
54.2%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
20.1%
2025
27.5%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
6.09%
2025
15.8%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$2.25T
2025
$23.9B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$22,670
2025
$3,130
2025
Total reserves including gold
$359B
2025
$3.39B
2025
Total reserves ranking
13/177
2025
118/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$47.5B
2025
-$20M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$74.1B
2024
$20M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.4%
2024
2.24%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
58.5%
2012
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17.1%
2025
12.1%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2017–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.