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Economy of Brazil vs Haiti compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Brazil has a GDP of $2.19T compared to $25.2B for Haiti, ranking 10/197 and 117/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $1.91T in government debt (87.3% of GDP), compared to $3.91B (15.5% of GDP) in Haiti.

Brazil vs Haiti GDP by year

Brazil
Haiti
1x
Year GDP, current $
Brazil Haiti
2024 $2,185,821,648,944 $25,224,154,991
2023 $2,191,131,869,706 $19,850,585,722
2022 $1,951,923,832,084 $20,253,551,921
2021 $1,670,647,464,063 $20,944,387,976
2020 $1,476,107,292,152 $14,508,222,518
2019 $1,873,288,158,839 $15,016,090,930
2018 $1,916,933,708,353 $16,403,864,618
2017 $2,063,514,688,806 $15,093,357,161
2016 $1,795,693,265,999 $14,069,277,526
2015 $1,802,211,999,456 $14,849,629,309
2014 $2,456,043,766,032 $15,146,883,498
2013 $2,472,819,362,044 $14,902,488,604
2012 $2,465,228,293,707 $13,708,925,477
2011 $2,616,156,606,579 $13,008,746,039
2010 $2,208,838,108,484 $11,859,312,725
2009 $1,666,996,294,252 $11,597,002,835
2008 $1,695,855,391,758 $10,432,962,635
2007 $1,397,114,247,189 $9,228,637,768
2006 $1,107,626,711,163 $7,638,739,123
2005 $891,633,826,625 $7,030,149,730
2004 $669,289,321,945 $6,087,360,684
2003 $558,233,724,165 $5,071,947,798
2002 $509,795,270,685 $6,205,847,214
2001 $559,983,704,094 $6,331,970,324
2000 $655,448,188,259 $6,813,566,099
1999 $599,642,075,004 $4,153,725,884
1998 $863,711,007,325 $3,723,903,724
1997 $883,206,452,795 $3,338,949,152
1996 $850,426,433,004 $2,907,517,604
1995 $769,333,330,412 $2,813,313,279
1994 $525,369,851,354 $2,167,569,046
1993 $368,295,778,245 $1,878,253,767
1992 $328,187,960,872 $2,257,129,792
1991 $342,609,231,343 $3,473,562,628
1990 $390,725,626,003 $3,096,289,800
1989 $412,990,820,287 $2,736,243,800
1988 $307,881,930,752 $2,613,926,800
1987 $283,056,836,894 $2,047,200,000
1986 $256,480,852,471 $2,318,000,000
1985 $210,879,844,639 $2,009,400,000
1984 $188,339,974,087 $1,816,200,000
1983 $189,656,506,321 $1,623,600,000
1982 $271,314,113,768 $1,474,200,000
1981 $258,015,174,749 $1,479,400,000
1980 $237,393,489,893 $1,383,800,000
1979 $221,338,204,480 $1,080,600,000
1978 $200,278,646,124 $974,200,000
1977 $176,344,101,402 $947,000,000
1976 $153,168,949,208 $879,000,000
1975 $129,203,555,239 $681,400,000
1974 $109,794,519,728 $565,399,322
1973 $83,592,275,863 $466,798,973
1972 $58,434,858,375 $371,998,958
1971 $48,869,830,902 $362,800,000
1970 $42,327,664,794 $331,200,000
1969 $37,171,640,819 $391,820,400
1968 $33,930,457,425 $367,968,800
1967 $31,086,389,195 $369,124,200
1966 $28,283,323,733 $368,948,600
1965 $22,465,522,884 $353,251,800
1964 $20,963,733,695 $325,281,200
1963 $23,287,712,878 $294,883,400
1962 $19,231,747,852 $281,896,800
1961 $17,275,940,449 $271,066,000
1960 $17,030,465,539 $273,187,200

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/haiti | CC BY

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Haiti by year

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Haiti
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Brazil Haiti
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $10,311 $22,338 $2,143 $3,194
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $1,706 $3,292
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $1,761 $3,275
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $1,841 $3,145
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $1,290 $3,103
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $1,352 $3,237
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $1,496 $3,197
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $1,395 $3,339
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $1,318 $3,253
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $1,411 $3,026
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $1,460 $3,076
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $1,458 $3,042
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $1,361 $2,830
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $1,312 $2,858
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $1,210 $2,695
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $1,197 $2,855
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $1,095 $2,724
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $985 $2,647
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $829 $2,504
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $776 $2,427
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $683 $2,322
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $579 $2,331
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $721 $2,248
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $749 $2,230
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $821 $2,229
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $510 $2,201
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $465 $2,152
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $425 $2,122
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $377 $2,070
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $372 $1,989
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $292.1 $1,807
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $258.1 $2,048
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $316 $2,158
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $497 $2,273
1990 $2,620 $6,688 $452 $2,202
1989 $2,819 - $407 -
1988 $2,141 - $397 -
1987 $2,006 - $318 -
1986 $1,854 - $367 -
1985 $1,556 - $325 -
1984 $1,420 - $299.2 -
1983 $1,461 - $272.8 -
1982 $2,138 - $252.6 -
1981 $2,080 - $258.5 -
1980 $1,959 - $246.5 -
1979 $1,870 - $196.2 -
1978 $1,733 - $180.3 -
1977 $1,562 - $178.7 -
1976 $1,390 - $169.1 -
1975 $1,201 - $133.6 -
1974 $1,045 - $113 -
1973 $815 - $95.1 -
1972 $583 - $77.3 -
1971 $500 - $76.8 -
1970 $444 - $71.5 -
1969 $399 - $86.1 -
1968 $374 - $82.4 -
1967 $351 - $84.2 -
1966 $328 - $85.7 -
1965 $268 - $83.6 -
1964 $257.3 - $78.5 -
1963 $294.2 - $72.4 -
1962 $250.2 - $70.4 -
1961 $231.6 - $69 -
1960 $235.3 - $70.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/haiti | CC BY

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,311, ranking 85/197, compared to $2,143 in Haiti, ranking 153/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338, while Haiti ranks 177th at $3,194.

Economic indicators

Brazil Haiti
Gross domestic product
$2.19T
2024
$25.2B
2024
GDP rank
10/197
2024
117/197
2024
GDP growth
3.42%
2023-2024
-4.17%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,311
2024
$2,143
2024
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2024
153/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,338
2024
$3,194
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
88/197
2024
177/197
2024
Government debt
$1.91T
2024
$3.91B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
87.3%
2024
15.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$8,999
2024
$332
2024
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2024
176/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,263
2026
$1,896
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$659B
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
433,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
56
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
40.8%
2023
31.2%
2012
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2023
2.1%
2012
Government expenditure, % of GDP
45.7%
2024
5.25%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.4%
2023-2024
26.9%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
15%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.8%
2024
14.1%
2012
Population
213824938
12076663

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Brazil
Spending

Debt
Haiti
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Brazil Haiti
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 45.7% 87.3% 5.25% 15.5%
2023 45.3% 84% 6.46% 28.5%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 8.33% 29.5%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 9.42% 28.9%
2020 46.2% 96% 9.86% 22.3%
2019 43% 87.1% 9.59% 26.5%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 11.3% 24.1%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 10.2% 22.5%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 10.5% 24.4%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 12.7% 23.9%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 14.6% 21.4%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 15.9% 25.1%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 16.4% 24.1%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 14.1% 22.3%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 12.6% 24.9%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 11.6% 19.4%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 11.2% 33.9%
2007 40.4% 63% 11.1% 24.4%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 9.67% 32.2%
2005 41.9% 67% 8.75% 29.7%
2004 39.7% 68% 7.38% 30.4%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 7.83% 37.8%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 6.64% 32%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 6.11% 28.8%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 6.25% 32.5%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 6.91% 24.1%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 5.4% 24%
1997 38.6% 31.8% 5.46% 26.2%
1996 38.2% 30.7% - 26.2%
1995 - 28% - 26.2%
1994 - 30% - 35.3%
1993 - 32.6% - 98%
1992 - 37.1% - 118.9%
1991 - 38.1% - 80.7%
1990 - 40.6% - 85.1%
1989 - 40.2% - 98.7%
1988 - 46.9% - 90.9%
1987 - 50.3% 32.4% 58.6%
1986 11.7% 49.4% 15.1% 26.5%
1985 11.1% 52.6% 17.4% 25.6%
1984 10% 55.8% 16.9% 27.3%
1983 9.7% 51.5% 21.9% 28.9%
1982 8.1% 32.8% 20.7% 25.5%
1981 7.8% 34.6% 17.4% 23.7%
1980 6.8% 39.7% 17.2% 20.3%
1979 9% 36.6% 13.1% 19.8%
1978 10.2% 37% 18.9% 20.1%
1977 10.4% 31% 16.7% 18.5%
1976 10.6% 31.8% 13.4% 14.9%
1975 10.7% 27.7% 12.8% 14.2%
1974 10.5% 25.7% 9.24% 13.3%
1973 11% 22.4% 9.4% 8.92%
1972 12.6% 22.5% 11.2% 11.1%
1971 11.7% 17.9% 11.2% 11%
1970 11.4% 17% 11.4% 12.5%
1969 11.2% 16.5% 10.1% -
1968 14.4% 15.8% 10.3% -
1967 13.5% 13.8% 7.52% -
1966 14.6% 19.6% 7.2% -
1965 14% 17.6% 7.91% -
1964 25.4% 22.2% - -
1963 22.8% 20.4% 8.95% -
1962 23.1% 23.7% - -
1961 12% 25.7% - -
1960 13.7% 22.3% 7.34% 21.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/haiti | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government spending was $998B, accounting for 45.7% of its GDP, while Haiti spent $1.32B, or 5.25% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 87.3% in Brazil and 15.5% in Haiti, ranking 38/185 and 177/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Haiti
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Haiti
2024 -6.19% 6.96%
2023 -7.71% 0.77%
2022 -3.96% -1.75%
2021 -2.63% -2.45%
2020 -11.6% -1.96%
2019 -4.86% -1.99%
2018 -6.99% -1.13%
2017 -7.97% -0.32%
2016 -7.99% 0.12%
2015 -9.28% -1.47%
2014 -6.27% -3.64%
2013 -3.42% -3.98%
2012 -2.35% -2.71%
2011 -2.74% -1.43%
2010 -3.55% -1.5%
2009 -4.23% -2%
2008 -2.39% -1.8%
2007 -2.66% -1.55%
2006 -4.87% -0.91%
2005 -3.36% -0.83%
2004 -2.95% -1.34%
2003 -5.4% -2.24%
2002 -4.15% -1.8%
2001 -3.47% -1.55%
2000 -3.32% -1.36%
1999 -5.17% -1.54%
1998 -7.22% 0.21%
1997 -5.6% 0.37%
1996 -5.35% -
1995 - -
1994 - -
1993 - -
1992 - -
1991 - -
1990 - -
1989 - -
1988 - -
1987 - -4.94%
1986 -1.6% -1.4%
1985 -1.3% -0.97%
1984 -0.4% -3.52%
1983 0.1% -5.72%
1982 1.4% -3.93%
1981 1% -4.38%
1980 2.5% -5.68%
1979 0.4% -2.21%
1978 -0.1% -3.24%
1977 0.1% -2.85%
1976 0.1% -1.16%
1975 0% -1.73%
1974 0.6% 0.23%
1973 0.1% 0.03%
1972 -0.1% 0.24%
1971 -0.3% -0.08%
1970 -0.4% -0.19%
1969 -0.6% -0.39%
1968 -1.6% -0.46%
1967 -2.1% 0%
1966 -1.3% 0%
1965 -2% 0%
1964 -8.79% -
1963 -5.78% 0%
1962 -6.82% -
1961 -2.93% -
1960 -3.85% 0.006%
1959 -0.18% -1.11%
1958 -0.76% -2.21%
1957 -0.29% 0.28%
1956 -0.14% -2.18%
1955 -0.62% -0.86%
1954 -0.49% -0.81%
1953 -1.26% -1.01%
1952 0.64% -
1951 0.87% -
1950 -1.58% -
1949 -1.22% -0.12%
1948 0.002% 0.21%
1947 0.25% 1.06%
1946 -1.78% 0.51%
1945 -2.87% 0.47%
1944 -2.37% -
1943 -0.75% -
1942 -2.55% -
1941 -2.15% -0.21%
1940 -1.13% 0.13%
1939 -1.2% -0.16%
1938 -0.59% 0.15%
1937 -1.62% -0.08%
1936 -0.27% -0.06%
1935 -0.5% -0.2%
1934 -2.28% -1.23%
1933 -1.56% 0%
1932 -6.47% 0.4%
1931 -1.56% -0.49%
1930 -3.58% -0.52%
1929 -0.09% -0.32%
1928 0.57% -0.25%
1927 0.12% 0.73%
1926 -0.76% -0.45%
1925 -0.07% 0.05%
1924 -0.45% -0.14%
1923 -1.94% -
1922 -3.8% -
1921 -2.98% -
1920 -3.11% -
1919 -3.69% -
1918 -4.51% -
1917 -4.8% -
1916 -4.35% -
1915 -6.33% -
1914 -7.32% -
1913 -1.91% -
1912 -3.05% -
1911 -2.15% -
1910 -2.06% -
1909 -1.62% -
1908 -1.89% -
1907 0.38% -
1906 0.28% -
1905 0.96% -
1904 -0.62% -
1903 1.79% -
1902 1.59% -
1901 -2.46% -
1900 -5.57% -
1899 -2.13% -
1898 -14% -
1897 -2.38% -
1896 -0.79% -
1895 -1.33% -
1894 -4.11% -
1893 -1.77% -
1892 -2.6% -
1891 0.51% -
1890 -3.02% -
1889 -3.79% -
1888 0.63% -
1887 -0.76% -
1886 -3.8% -
1885 -5.71% -
1884 -3.89% -
1883 -3.33% -
1882 -1.58% -
1881 -1.9% -
1880 -4.84% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/haiti | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $135B, equivalent to 6.19% of GDP. This compares to Haiti's surplus of $1.76B, or 6.96% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 46 of those years, while Haiti ran a deficit in 40 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to 3.24% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.42% of GDP for Haiti.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Brazil

Haiti
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Brazil Haiti
2024 4.4% 26.9%
2023 4.6% 36.8%
2022 9.3% 34%
2021 8.3% 16.8%
2020 3.2% 22.8%
2019 3.7% 18.7%
2018 3.7% 12.5%
2017 3.4% 10.7%
2016 8.7% 11.5%
2015 9% 6.73%
2014 6.3% 3.44%
2013 6.2% 4.77%
2012 5.4% 5.02%
2011 6.6% 6.33%
2010 5% 4.83%
2009 4.9% 0.39%
2008 5.7% 15.3%
2007 3.6% 6.56%
2006 4.2% 11.3%
2005 6.9% 14%
2004 6.6% 21%
2003 14.7% 28.7%
2002 8.4% 7.03%
2001 6.8% 13.3%
2000 7% 9.33%
1999 4.9% 3%
1998 3.2% 5.27%
1997 6.9% 20.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/haiti | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.13%, compared with 13.5% in Haiti. In 2024, inflation was 4.4% in Brazil and 26.9% in Haiti.

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $47.1M
Animal & marine products $18.1M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.13M
Metals $3.53M
Machinery & equipment $3.37M
Wood & paper products $2.47M
Weapons & explosives $2.35M
Chemicals & pharma $1.77M
Raw agricultural goods $1.13M
Raw materials & minerals $152K
Haiti
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $129K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $66K
Metals $52K
Textiles & consumer goods $12K

Balance of trade

Brazil Haiti
Current account balance
-$66.2B
2024
-$145M
2024
Current account balance ranking
188/190
2024
92/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.03%
2024
-0.58%
2024
Goods imports
$274B
2024
$4.27B
2024
Goods exports
$340B
2024
$767M
2024
Service imports
$103B
2024
$518M
2024
Service exports
$48.1B
2024
$96.6M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.6%
2024
18.8%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.9%
2024
3.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Haiti
Economic freedom 52.4 46.1
Economic freedom ranking 148/197 178/197
Property rights 49.2 6.6
Government integrity 37.2 13
Judicial effectiveness 55.6 17.3
Tax burden 70.6 81.7
Government spending 39.8 98.7
Fiscal health 28 99.5
Business freedom 65.7 30.7
Labor freedom 57 54.7
Monetary freedom 76 45.1
Trade freedom 69 66.4
Investment freedom 40 20
Financial freedom 40 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Brazil
Haiti
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Haiti
2026 52.4 46.1
2025 55.1 46.1
2024 53.2 48.2
2023 53.5 49.9
2022 53.3 50
2021 53.4 50.8
2020 53.7 52.3
2019 51.9 52.7
2018 51.4 55.8
2017 52.9 49.6
2016 56.5 51.3
2015 56.6 51.3
2014 56.9 48.9
2013 57.7 48.1
2012 57.9 50.7
2011 56.3 52.1
2010 55.6 50.8
2009 56.7 50.5
2008 56.2 49
2007 56.2 51.4
2006 60.9 49.2
2005 61.7 48.4
2004 62 51.2
2003 63.4 50.6
2002 61.5 47.9
2001 61.9 47.1
2000 61.1 45.7
1999 61.3 45.9
1998 52.3 45.7
1997 52.6 45.8
1996 48.1 41
1995 51.4 43

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/haiti | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 52.4, ranking 148/197, compared to 46.1 for Haiti, ranking 178/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Brazil Haiti
Services, % of GDP
59.2%
2024
48.3%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.9%
2024
33.4%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.75%
2024
15.9%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.11T
2024
$20.7B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,590
2024
$3,190
2024
Total reserves including gold
$330B
2024
$2.72B
2024
Total reserves ranking
11/177
2024
121/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$47.8B
2024
-$20M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$74.1B
2024
$20M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.4%
2024
2.15%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
58.5%
2012
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17%
2024
9.94%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/haiti | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2017–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.