Skip to content

Economy of Brazil vs Guyana compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Brazil has a GDP of $2.19T compared to $24.7B for Guyana, ranking 10/197 and 120/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $1.91T in government debt (87.3% of GDP), compared to $5.99B (24.3% of GDP) in Guyana.

Brazil vs Guyana GDP by year

Brazil
Guyana
1x
Year GDP, current $
Brazil Guyana
2024 $2,185,821,648,944 $24,662,709,832
2023 $2,191,131,869,706 $16,918,503,597
2022 $1,951,923,832,084 $14,718,388,489
2021 $1,670,647,464,063 $8,041,362,110
2020 $1,476,107,292,152 $5,471,256,595
2019 $1,873,288,158,839 $5,173,760,192
2018 $1,916,933,708,353 $4,787,636,998
2017 $2,063,514,688,806 $4,748,174,334
2016 $1,795,693,265,999 $4,482,697,337
2015 $1,802,211,999,456 $4,279,840,194
2014 $2,456,043,766,032 $4,127,660,152
2013 $2,472,819,362,044 $4,167,800,929
2012 $2,465,228,293,707 $4,063,088,536
2011 $2,616,156,606,579 $3,691,384,318
2010 $2,208,838,108,484 $3,432,912,517
2009 $1,666,996,294,252 $3,165,663,153
2008 $1,695,855,391,758 $3,025,187,433
2007 $1,397,114,247,189 $2,730,971,595
2006 $1,107,626,711,163 $2,379,817,991
2005 $891,633,826,625 $824,880,550
2004 $669,289,321,945 $787,814,379
2003 $558,233,724,165 $743,063,950
2002 $509,795,270,685 $726,131,435
2001 $559,983,704,094 $712,167,450
2000 $655,448,188,259 $712,667,897
1999 $599,642,075,004 $694,754,988
1998 $863,711,007,325 $717,530,683
1997 $883,206,452,795 $749,138,010
1996 $850,426,433,004 $705,406,001
1995 $769,333,330,412 $621,626,786
1994 $525,369,851,354 $540,874,934
1993 $368,295,778,245 $454,101,382
1992 $328,187,960,872 $373,573,141
1991 $342,609,231,343 $348,533,095
1990 $390,725,626,003 $396,582,263
1989 $412,990,820,287 $379,779,390
1988 $307,881,930,752 $413,799,990
1987 $283,056,836,894 $354,591,847
1986 $256,480,852,471 $504,651,140
1985 $210,879,844,639 $453,488,372
1984 $188,339,974,087 $437,631,605
1983 $189,656,506,321 $489,333,333
1982 $271,314,113,768 $482,000,000
1981 $258,015,174,749 $570,357,107
1980 $237,393,489,893 $603,200,000
1979 $221,338,204,480 $530,440,000
1978 $200,278,646,124 $507,080,000
1977 $176,344,101,402 $449,880,000
1976 $153,168,949,208 $454,440,000
1975 $129,203,555,239 $494,791,667
1974 $109,794,519,728 $433,954,545
1973 $83,592,275,863 $307,047,619
1972 $58,434,858,375 $285,380,952
1971 $48,869,830,902 $282,050,000
1970 $42,327,664,794 $267,800,000
1969 $37,171,640,819 $249,300,000
1968 $33,930,457,425 $229,750,000
1967 $31,086,389,195 $250,176,471
1966 $28,283,323,733 $228,705,882
1965 $22,465,522,884 $213,235,294
1964 $20,963,733,695 $194,774,513
1963 $23,287,712,878 $175,757,894
1962 $19,231,747,852 $194,949,513
1961 $17,275,940,449 $185,849,535
1960 $17,030,465,539 $170,216,241

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/guyana | CC BY

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Guyana by year

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Guyana
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Brazil Guyana
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $10,311 $22,338 $29,675 $80,155
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $20,474 $54,729
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $17,913 $39,711
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $9,861 $22,866
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $6,776 $16,819
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $6,406 $13,241
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $6,048 $12,443
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $6,179 $12,243
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $5,871 $11,516
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $5,640 $11,408
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $5,473 $11,145
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $5,557 $11,200
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $5,444 $10,627
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $4,947 $10,066
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $4,582 $9,337
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $4,209 $8,824
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $4,009 $8,437
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $3,608 $8,110
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $3,136 $7,346
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $1,084 $6,761
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $1,033 $6,673
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $974 $6,392
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $951 $6,304
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $932 $6,131
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $932 $5,860
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $909 $5,812
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $940 $5,573
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $983 $5,615
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $928 $5,210
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $820 $4,753
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $716 $4,447
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $603 $4,027
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $498 $3,651
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $466 $3,322
1990 $2,620 $6,688 $529 $3,022
1989 $2,819 - $503 -
1988 $2,141 - $545 -
1987 $2,006 - $464 -
1986 $1,854 - $657 -
1985 $1,556 - $588 -
1984 $1,420 - $565 -
1983 $1,461 - $631 -
1982 $2,138 - $621 -
1981 $2,080 - $735 -
1980 $1,959 - $779 -
1979 $1,870 - $689 -
1978 $1,733 - $663 -
1977 $1,562 - $593 -
1976 $1,390 - $604 -
1975 $1,201 - $664 -
1974 $1,045 - $588 -
1973 $815 - $421 -
1972 $583 - $395 -
1971 $500 - $396 -
1970 $444 - $381 -
1969 $399 - $361 -
1968 $374 - $340 -
1967 $351 - $378 -
1966 $328 - $353 -
1965 $268 - $336 -
1964 $257.3 - $313 -
1963 $294.2 - $288.8 -
1962 $250.2 - $327 -
1961 $231.6 - $319 -
1960 $235.3 - $299.1 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/guyana | CC BY

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,311, ranking 85/197, compared to $29,675 in Guyana, ranking 41/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338, while Guyana ranks 15th at $80,155.

Economic indicators

Brazil Guyana
Gross domestic product
$2.19T
2024
$24.7B
2024
GDP rank
10/197
2024
120/197
2024
GDP growth
3.42%
2023-2024
43.8%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,311
2024
$29,675
2024
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2024
41/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,338
2024
$80,155
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
88/197
2024
15/197
2024
Government debt
$1.91T
2024
$5.99B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
87.3%
2024
24.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$8,999
2024
$7,213
2024
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2024
66/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,263
2026
$13,212
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$659B
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
433,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
56
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
40.8%
2023
34.4%
1998
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2023
1.1%
1998
Government expenditure, % of GDP
45.7%
2024
23.2%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.4%
2023-2024
2.5%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
15%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.8%
2024
13.2%
2019
Population
213824938
842249

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Brazil
Spending

Debt
Guyana
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Brazil Guyana
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 45.7% 87.3% 23.2% 24.3%
2023 45.3% 84% 23.7% 26.7%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 20.3% 24.8%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 24.8% 45.7%
2020 46.2% 96% 30.5% 59.5%
2019 43% 87.1% 28.1% 54%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 27.6% 47.9%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 26.3% 46.1%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 25.2% 44%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 21.7% 42.2%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 23.1% 38.7%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 21.4% 41.4%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 21.8% 44.7%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 23.5% 51.7%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 23.9% 53.1%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 25.4% 52.3%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 24.1% 48.2%
2007 40.4% 63% 25.5% 47.7%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 29% 74.5%
2005 41.9% 67% 28.4% 90.7%
2004 39.7% 68% 23.7% 91.8%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 23.5% 95.6%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 23.1% 105.1%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 24% 104.6%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 22.9% 97.2%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 17.6% 97.1%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 19.7% 108%
1997 38.6% 31.8% 20.9% 101.3%
1996 38.2% 30.7% - -
1995 - 28% - -
1994 - 30% - -
1993 - 32.6% - -
1992 - 37.1% - -
1991 - 38.1% - -
1990 - 40.6% - -
1989 - 40.2% - -
1988 - 46.9% - -
1987 - 50.3% - -
1986 11.7% 49.4% - -
1985 11.1% 52.6% - -
1984 10% 55.8% - -
1983 9.7% 51.5% - -
1982 8.1% 32.8% - -
1981 7.8% 34.6% - -
1980 6.8% 39.7% - -
1979 9% 36.6% - -
1978 10.2% 37% - -
1977 10.4% 31% - -
1976 10.6% 31.8% - -
1975 10.7% 27.7% - -
1974 10.5% 25.7% - -
1973 11% 22.4% - -
1972 12.6% 22.5% - -
1971 11.7% 17.9% - -
1970 11.4% 17% - -
1969 11.2% 16.5% - -
1968 14.4% 15.8% - -
1967 13.5% 13.8% - -
1966 14.6% 19.6% - -
1965 14% 17.6% - -
1964 25.4% 22.2% - -
1963 22.8% 20.4% - -
1962 23.1% 23.7% - -
1961 12% 25.7% - -
1960 13.7% 22.3% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/guyana | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government spending was $998B, accounting for 45.7% of its GDP, while Guyana spent $5.72B, or 23.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 87.3% in Brazil and 24.3% in Guyana, ranking 38/185 and 168/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Guyana
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Guyana
2024 -6.19% -7.31%
2023 -7.71% -5.78%
2022 -3.96% -5.11%
2021 -2.63% -6.94%
2020 -11.6% -7.78%
2019 -4.86% -2.52%
2018 -6.99% -2.52%
2017 -7.97% -3.14%
2016 -7.99% -3.21%
2015 -9.28% -0.75%
2014 -6.27% -3.88%
2013 -3.42% -2.16%
2012 -2.35% -3.11%
2011 -2.74% -2.13%
2010 -3.55% -1.88%
2009 -4.23% -2.5%
2008 -2.39% -2.78%
2007 -2.66% -3.35%
2006 -4.87% -6.16%
2005 -3.36% -6.54%
2004 -2.95% -2.88%
2003 -5.4% -4.81%
2002 -4.15% -2.42%
2001 -3.47% -3.71%
2000 -3.32% -2.27%
1999 -5.17% -0.47%
1998 -7.22% -2.67%
1997 -5.6% -1.7%
1996 -5.35% -
1995 - -
1994 - -
1993 - -
1992 - -
1991 - -
1990 - -
1989 - -
1988 - -
1987 - -
1986 -1.6% -
1985 -1.3% -
1984 -0.4% -
1983 0.1% -
1982 1.4% -
1981 1% -
1980 2.5% -
1979 0.4% -
1978 -0.1% -
1977 0.1% -
1976 0.1% -
1975 0% -
1974 0.6% -
1973 0.1% -
1972 -0.1% -
1971 -0.3% -
1970 -0.4% -
1969 -0.6% -
1968 -1.6% -
1967 -2.1% -
1966 -1.3% -
1965 -2% -
1964 -8.79% -
1963 -5.78% -
1962 -6.82% -
1961 -2.93% -
1960 -3.85% -
1959 -0.18% -
1958 -0.76% -
1957 -0.29% -
1956 -0.14% -
1955 -0.62% -
1954 -0.49% -
1953 -1.26% -
1952 0.64% -
1951 0.87% -
1950 -1.58% -
1949 -1.22% -
1948 0.002% -
1947 0.25% -
1946 -1.78% -
1945 -2.87% -
1944 -2.37% -
1943 -0.75% -
1942 -2.55% -
1941 -2.15% -
1940 -1.13% -
1939 -1.2% -
1938 -0.59% -
1937 -1.62% -
1936 -0.27% -
1935 -0.5% -
1934 -2.28% -
1933 -1.56% -
1932 -6.47% -
1931 -1.56% -
1930 -3.58% -
1929 -0.09% -
1928 0.57% -
1927 0.12% -
1926 -0.76% -
1925 -0.07% -
1924 -0.45% -
1923 -1.94% -
1922 -3.8% -
1921 -2.98% -
1920 -3.11% -
1919 -3.69% -
1918 -4.51% -
1917 -4.8% -
1916 -4.35% -
1915 -6.33% -
1914 -7.32% -
1913 -1.91% -
1912 -3.05% -
1911 -2.15% -
1910 -2.06% -
1909 -1.62% -
1908 -1.89% -
1907 0.38% -
1906 0.28% -
1905 0.96% -
1904 -0.62% -
1903 1.79% -
1902 1.59% -
1901 -2.46% -
1900 -5.57% -
1899 -2.13% -
1898 -14% -
1897 -2.38% -
1896 -0.79% -
1895 -1.33% -
1894 -4.11% -
1893 -1.77% -
1892 -2.6% -
1891 0.51% -
1890 -3.02% -
1889 -3.79% -
1888 0.63% -
1887 -0.76% -
1886 -3.8% -
1885 -5.71% -
1884 -3.89% -
1883 -3.33% -
1882 -1.58% -
1881 -1.9% -
1880 -4.84% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/guyana | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $135B, equivalent to 6.19% of GDP. This compares to Guyana's deficit of $1.8B, or 7.31% of GDP.

Over the past 28 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while Guyana ran a deficit in 28 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to 5.08% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.59% of GDP for Guyana.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Brazil

Guyana
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Brazil Guyana
2024 4.4% 2.5%
2023 4.6% 4.5%
2022 9.3% 6.5%
2021 8.3% 3.3%
2020 3.2% 1.2%
2019 3.7% 2.1%
2018 3.7% 1.3%
2017 3.4% 1.9%
2016 8.7% 0.8%
2015 9% -0.9%
2014 6.3% 0.7%
2013 6.2% 1.9%
2012 5.4% 2.4%
2011 6.6% 4.4%
2010 5% 4.3%
2009 4.9% 3%
2008 5.7% 8.1%
2007 3.6% 12.2%
2006 4.2% 6.7%
2005 6.9% 6.9%
2004 6.6% 4.7%
2003 14.7% 6%
2002 8.4% 5.4%
2001 6.8% 2.6%
2000 7% 6.1%
1999 4.9% 7.5%
1998 3.2% 4.6%
1997 6.9% 3.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/guyana | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.13%, compared with 4.08% in Guyana. In 2024, inflation was 4.4% in Brazil and 2.5% in Guyana.

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $191M
Metals $121M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $31.3M
Animal & marine products $9.37M
Textiles & consumer goods $9.22M
Wood & paper products $6.06M
Raw agricultural goods $5.65M
Raw materials & minerals $4.75M
Chemicals & pharma $4.74M
Weapons & explosives $1.66M
Guyana
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $560M
Machinery & equipment $51.6M
Raw agricultural goods $27M
Metals $713K
Textiles & consumer goods $174K
Chemicals & pharma $50K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5K
Precious metals & jewellery $3K
Animal & marine products $1K

Balance of trade

Brazil Guyana
Current account balance
-$66.2B
2024
$2.35B
2023
Current account balance ranking
188/190
2024
43/190
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.03%
2024
+13.9%
2023
Goods imports
$274B
2024
$6B
2023
Goods exports
$340B
2024
$13.2B
2023
Service imports
$103B
2024
$4.95B
2023
Service exports
$48.1B
2024
$529M
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.6%
2024
109.7%
2005
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.9%
2024
84.6%
2005

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Guyana
Economic freedom 52.4 58.7
Economic freedom ranking 148/197 109/197
Property rights 49.2 46.7
Government integrity 37.2 38.8
Judicial effectiveness 55.6 48.6
Tax burden 70.6 76.4
Government spending 39.8 85
Fiscal health 28 39.9
Business freedom 65.7 70.9
Labor freedom 57 76
Monetary freedom 76 78.5
Trade freedom 69 59.2
Investment freedom 40 55
Financial freedom 40 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Brazil
Guyana
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Guyana
2026 52.4 58.7
2025 55.1 58.2
2024 53.2 57.3
2023 53.5 56.9
2022 53.3 59.5
2021 53.4 57.4
2020 53.7 56.2
2019 51.9 56.8
2018 51.4 58.7
2017 52.9 58.5
2016 56.5 55.4
2015 56.6 55.5
2014 56.9 55.7
2013 57.7 53.8
2012 57.9 51.3
2011 56.3 49.4
2010 55.6 48.4
2009 56.7 48.4
2008 56.2 48.8
2007 56.2 53.7
2006 60.9 56.6
2005 61.7 56.5
2004 62 53
2003 63.4 50.3
2002 61.5 54.3
2001 61.9 53.3
2000 61.1 52.4
1999 61.3 53.3
1998 52.3 52.7
1997 52.6 53.2
1996 48.1 50.1
1995 51.4 45.7

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/guyana | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 52.4, ranking 148/197, compared to 58.7 for Guyana, ranking 109/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Brazil Guyana
Services, % of GDP
59.2%
2024
14.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.9%
2024
76%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.75%
2024
7.62%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.11T
2024
$16.7B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,590
2024
$52,290
2024
Total reserves including gold
$330B
2024
$1.01B
2024
Total reserves ranking
11/177
2024
141/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$47.8B
2024
$1.14B
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$74.1B
2024
$8.63B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
$5.7M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.4%
2024
3.73%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
35%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17%
2024
32.3%
2005

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/guyana | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  8. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  9. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.