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Economy of Brazil vs Guyana compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Brazil has a GDP of $2.18T compared to $24.8B for Guyana, ranking 10/197 and 119/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $1.9T in government debt (92% of GDP), compared to $6.03B (27.7% of GDP) in Guyana.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Brazil
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Guyana
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Brazil Guyana
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $17,030,465,539 $188,463,862,170 $170,216,241 $1,555,849,244
1961 $17,275,940,449 $204,671,754,317 $185,849,535 $1,628,811,172
1962 $19,231,747,852 $218,180,090,102 $194,949,513 $1,646,808,327
1963 $23,287,712,878 $219,489,170,643 $175,757,894 $1,444,602,377
1964 $20,963,733,695 $226,951,802,444 $194,774,513 $1,608,713,286
1965 $22,465,522,884 $232,398,645,703 $213,235,294 $1,778,288,056
1966 $28,283,323,733 $247,969,354,965 $228,705,882 $1,871,350,740
1967 $31,086,389,195 $258,384,067,874 $250,176,471 $1,952,073,734
1968 $33,930,457,425 $283,705,706,525 $229,750,000 $1,972,079,124
1969 $37,171,640,819 $310,657,748,645 $249,300,000 $2,110,013,963
1970 $42,327,664,794 $342,966,154,504 $267,800,000 $2,199,804,697
1971 $48,869,830,902 $381,868,537,873 $282,050,000 $2,268,281,337
1972 $58,434,858,375 $427,464,970,641 $285,380,952 $2,193,027,226
1973 $83,592,275,863 $487,176,363,096 $307,047,619 $2,220,324,260
1974 $109,794,519,728 $526,900,425,028 $433,954,545 $2,391,352,284
1975 $129,203,555,239 $554,123,521,012 $494,791,667 $2,594,211,213
1976 $153,168,949,208 $610,960,688,345 $454,440,000 $2,634,081,990
1977 $176,344,101,402 $641,107,493,085 $449,880,000 $2,564,577,004
1978 $200,278,646,124 $672,969,879,570 $507,080,000 $2,518,255,902
1979 $221,338,204,480 $718,459,683,183 $530,440,000 $2,472,028,373
1980 $237,393,489,893 $784,557,974,035 $603,200,000 $2,514,890,619
1981 $258,015,174,749 $751,214,260,139 $570,357,107 $2,552,517,555
1982 $271,314,113,768 $757,449,338,498 $482,000,000 $2,215,837,057
1983 $189,656,506,321 $735,256,072,880 $489,333,333 $2,065,328,835
1984 $188,339,974,087 $774,959,900,815 $437,631,605 $1,961,468,862
1985 $210,879,844,639 $835,794,253,030 $453,488,372 $2,008,537,592
1986 $256,480,852,471 $898,395,242,581 $504,651,140 $1,990,448,658
1987 $283,056,836,894 $930,108,594,645 $354,591,847 $2,008,350,685
1988 $307,881,930,752 $929,550,529,488 $413,799,990 $1,934,171,588
1989 $412,990,820,287 $958,924,326,220 $379,779,390 $1,839,074,818
1990 $384,959,818,182 $917,211,118,029 $396,582,263 $1,782,661,480
1991 $342,534,090,909 $926,678,475,666 $348,533,095 $1,890,652,727
1992 $328,191,909,882 $921,636,677,089 $373,573,141 $2,037,327,406
1993 $368,292,034,381 $967,024,426,396 $454,101,382 $2,203,881,071
1994 $525,369,467,296 $1,023,623,112,444 $540,874,934 $2,391,925,530
1995 $769,333,050,987 $1,066,858,840,298 $621,626,786 $2,512,273,985
1996 $850,426,432,992 $1,090,424,301,690 $705,406,001 $2,712,138,382
1997 $883,206,179,730 $1,127,442,527,330 $749,138,010 $2,879,766,586
1998 $863,710,759,256 $1,131,254,386,852 $717,530,683 $2,831,412,296
1999 $599,642,024,320 $1,136,547,951,100 $694,754,988 $2,915,226,398
2000 $655,448,231,984 $1,186,419,100,641 $712,667,897 $2,875,468,427
2001 $559,983,634,799 $1,202,909,097,021 $712,167,450 $2,941,015,353
2002 $509,795,273,807 $1,239,639,467,498 $726,131,435 $2,974,326,086
2003 $558,233,745,652 $1,253,781,634,017 $743,063,950 $2,955,521,641
2004 $669,289,424,806 $1,325,999,012,758 $787,814,379 $3,001,726,851
2005 $891,633,839,894 $1,368,459,252,278 $824,880,550 $2,943,164,433
2006 $1,107,626,541,435 $1,422,677,453,371 $2,379,817,991 $3,094,137,271
2007 $1,397,114,486,369 $1,509,032,133,942 $2,730,971,595 $3,316,643,991
2008 $1,695,855,083,498 $1,585,905,180,197 $3,025,187,433 $3,374,858,506
2009 $1,666,996,438,581 $1,583,909,921,137 $3,165,663,153 $3,496,741,807
2010 $2,208,837,745,101 $1,703,150,236,757 $3,432,912,517 $3,641,452,425
2011 $2,616,156,223,918 $1,770,840,632,844 $3,691,384,318 $3,830,671,453
2012 $2,465,227,802,807 $1,804,861,597,828 $4,063,088,536 $4,032,790,344
2013 $2,472,819,535,557 $1,859,094,488,272 $4,167,800,929 $4,180,123,674
2014 $2,456,043,727,199 $1,868,463,501,662 $4,127,660,152 $4,250,621,228
2015 $1,802,212,206,815 $1,802,212,206,815 $4,279,840,194 $4,279,840,194
2016 $1,795,693,482,853 $1,743,173,232,417 $4,482,697,337 $4,442,793,237
2017 $2,063,514,977,366 $1,766,233,131,667 $4,748,174,334 $4,608,708,975
2018 $1,916,933,898,011 $1,797,736,844,969 $4,787,636,998 $4,813,377,726
2019 $1,873,288,205,060 $1,819,683,217,699 $5,173,760,192 $5,071,030,136
2020 $1,476,107,231,310 $1,760,056,587,795 $5,471,256,595 $7,275,896,377
2021 $1,670,647,398,905 $1,843,881,119,920 $8,041,362,110 $8,735,441,013
2022 $1,951,923,942,083 $1,899,505,377,558 $14,718,388,489 $14,268,000,638
2023 $2,191,131,765,685 $1,961,080,794,856 $16,918,503,597 $19,089,873,040
2024 $2,179,412,080,829 $2,027,676,479,715 $24,835,899,826 $27,369,534,584

Economic indicators

Brazil Guyana
Gross domestic product
$2.18T
2024
$24.8B
2024
GDP rank
10/197
2024
119/197
2024
GDP growth
-0.53%
2023-2024
46.8%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,280
2024
$29,884
2024
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2024
42/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,333
2024
$79,906
2024
Government debt
$1.9T
2024
$6.03B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
92%
2025
27.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$8,973
2024
$7,252
2024
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2024
67/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,664
2025
$13,265
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$659B
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
380,585
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
56
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
40.8%
2023
34.4%
1998
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2023
1.1%
1998
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.7%
2025
24.3%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
5.2%
2024-2025
3.6%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
15%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.8%
2024
13.2%
2019
Population
213415080
839919

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Guyana

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,280, ranking 85/197, compared to $29,884 in Guyana, ranking 42/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 86th at $22,333, while Guyana ranks 13th at $79,906.

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Guyana
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Brazil Guyana
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $235.3 - $299.1 -
1961 $231.6 - $319 -
1962 $250.2 - $327 -
1963 $294.2 - $288.8 -
1964 $257.3 - $313 -
1965 $268 - $336 -
1966 $328 - $353 -
1967 $351 - $378 -
1968 $374 - $340 -
1969 $399 - $361 -
1970 $444 - $381 -
1971 $500 - $396 -
1972 $583 - $395 -
1973 $815 - $421 -
1974 $1,045 - $588 -
1975 $1,201 - $664 -
1976 $1,390 - $604 -
1977 $1,562 - $593 -
1978 $1,733 - $663 -
1979 $1,870 - $689 -
1980 $1,959 - $779 -
1981 $2,080 - $735 -
1982 $2,138 - $621 -
1983 $1,461 - $631 -
1984 $1,420 - $565 -
1985 $1,556 - $588 -
1986 $1,854 - $657 -
1987 $2,006 - $464 -
1988 $2,141 - $545 -
1989 $2,819 - $503 -
1990 $2,581 $6,688 $529 $3,022
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $466 $3,322
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $498 $3,651
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $603 $4,027
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $716 $4,447
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $820 $4,753
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $928 $5,210
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $983 $5,615
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $940 $5,573
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $909 $5,812
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $932 $5,860
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $932 $6,131
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $951 $6,304
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $974 $6,392
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $1,033 $6,673
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $1,084 $6,761
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $3,136 $7,346
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $3,608 $8,110
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $4,009 $8,437
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $4,209 $8,824
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $4,582 $9,337
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $4,947 $10,066
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $5,444 $10,627
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $5,557 $11,200
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $5,473 $11,145
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $5,640 $11,408
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $5,871 $11,516
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $6,179 $12,243
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $6,048 $12,443
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $6,406 $13,241
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $6,776 $16,819
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $9,861 $22,866
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $17,913 $39,711
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $20,474 $54,729
2024 $10,280 $22,333 $29,884 $79,906

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Brazil's government spending was $991B, accounting for 47.7% of its GDP, while Guyana's spent $5.77B, or 24.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 92% in Brazil and 27.7% in Guyana, ranking 31/185 and 163/185, respectively.

Brazil
Government spending

Government debt
Guyana
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Brazil Guyana
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 13.7% 22.3% - -
1961 12% 25.7% - -
1962 23.1% 23.7% - -
1963 22.8% 20.4% - -
1964 25.4% 22.2% - -
1965 14% 17.6% - -
1966 14.6% 19.6% - -
1967 13.5% 13.8% - -
1968 14.4% 15.8% - -
1969 11.2% 16.5% - -
1970 11.4% 17% - -
1971 11.7% 17.9% - -
1972 12.6% 22.5% - -
1973 11% 22.4% - -
1974 10.5% 25.7% - -
1975 10.7% 27.7% - -
1976 10.6% 31.8% - -
1977 10.4% 31% - -
1978 10.2% 37% - -
1979 9% 36.6% - -
1980 6.8% 39.7% - -
1981 7.8% 34.6% - -
1982 8.1% 32.8% - -
1983 9.7% 51.5% - -
1984 10% 55.8% - -
1985 11.1% 52.6% - -
1986 11.7% 49.4% - -
1987 - 50.3% - -
1988 - 46.9% - -
1989 - 40.2% - -
1990 - 40.6% - -
1991 - 38.1% - -
1992 - 37.1% - -
1993 - 32.6% - -
1994 - 30% - -
1995 - 28% - -
1996 38.2% 30.7% - -
1997 38.6% 31.8% 20.9% 101.3%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 19.7% 108%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 17.6% 97.1%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 22.9% 97.2%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 24% 104.6%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 23.1% 105.1%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 23.5% 95.6%
2004 39.7% 68% 23.7% 91.8%
2005 41.9% 67% 28.4% 90.7%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 29% 74.5%
2007 40.4% 63% 25.5% 47%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 24.1% 47.6%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 25.4% 51.7%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 23.9% 52.5%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 23.5% 51.2%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 21.8% 44.3%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 21.4% 41.1%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 23.1% 38.3%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 21.7% 41.8%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 25.2% 43.8%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 26.3% 42.9%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 27.6% 47%
2019 43% 87.1% 28.1% 43.6%
2020 46.2% 96% 30.5% 51.1%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 24.8% 41.2%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 20.3% 24.8%
2023 45.3% 84% 23.7% 26.7%
2024 45.5% 87.3% 23.2% 24.3%
2025 47.7% 92% 24.3% 27.7%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$144B, equivalent to -6.63% of GDP. This compares to Guyana's deficit of -$1.83B, or -7.35% of GDP.

Over the past 28 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while Guyana ran a deficit in 28 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to -5.1% of GDP, compared to deficit of -3.59% of GDP for Guyana.

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Guyana
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Guyana
1880 -4.84% -
1881 -1.9% -
1882 -1.58% -
1883 -3.33% -
1884 -3.89% -
1885 -5.71% -
1886 -3.8% -
1887 -0.76% -
1888 0.63% -
1889 -3.79% -
1890 -3.02% -
1891 0.51% -
1892 -2.6% -
1893 -1.77% -
1894 -4.11% -
1895 -1.33% -
1896 -0.79% -
1897 -2.38% -
1898 -14% -
1899 -2.13% -
1900 -5.57% -
1901 -2.46% -
1902 1.59% -
1903 1.79% -
1904 -0.62% -
1905 0.96% -
1906 0.28% -
1907 0.38% -
1908 -1.89% -
1909 -1.62% -
1910 -2.06% -
1911 -2.15% -
1912 -3.05% -
1913 -1.91% -
1914 -7.32% -
1915 -6.33% -
1916 -4.35% -
1917 -4.8% -
1918 -4.51% -
1919 -3.69% -
1920 -3.11% -
1921 -2.98% -
1922 -3.8% -
1923 -1.94% -
1924 -0.45% -
1925 -0.07% -
1926 -0.76% -
1927 0.12% -
1928 0.57% -
1929 -0.09% -
1930 -3.58% -
1931 -1.56% -
1932 -6.47% -
1933 -1.56% -
1934 -2.28% -
1935 -0.5% -
1936 -0.27% -
1937 -1.62% -
1938 -0.59% -
1939 -1.2% -
1940 -1.13% -
1941 -2.15% -
1942 -2.55% -
1943 -0.75% -
1944 -2.37% -
1945 -2.87% -
1946 -1.78% -
1947 0.25% -
1948 0.002% -
1949 -1.22% -
1950 -1.58% -
1951 0.87% -
1952 0.64% -
1953 -1.26% -
1954 -0.49% -
1955 -0.62% -
1956 -0.14% -
1957 -0.29% -
1958 -0.76% -
1959 -0.18% -
1960 -3.85% -
1961 -2.93% -
1962 -6.82% -
1963 -5.78% -
1964 -8.79% -
1965 -2% -
1966 -1.3% -
1967 -2.1% -
1968 -1.6% -
1969 -0.6% -
1970 -0.4% -
1971 -0.3% -
1972 -0.1% -
1973 0.1% -
1974 0.6% -
1975 0% -
1976 0.1% -
1977 0.1% -
1978 -0.1% -
1979 0.4% -
1980 2.5% -
1981 1% -
1982 1.4% -
1983 0.1% -
1984 -0.4% -
1985 -1.3% -
1986 -1.6% -
1987 -1.6% -
1988 -1.6% -
1989 -1.6% -
1990 -1.6% -
1991 -1.6% -
1992 -1.6% -
1993 -1.6% -
1994 -1.6% -
1995 -1.6% -
1996 -5.35% -
1997 -5.6% -1.7%
1998 -7.22% -2.67%
1999 -5.17% -0.47%
2000 -3.32% -2.27%
2001 -3.47% -3.71%
2002 -4.15% -2.42%
2003 -5.4% -4.81%
2004 -2.95% -2.88%
2005 -3.36% -6.54%
2006 -4.87% -6.16%
2007 -2.66% -3.35%
2008 -2.39% -2.78%
2009 -4.23% -2.5%
2010 -3.55% -1.88%
2011 -2.74% -2.13%
2012 -2.35% -3.11%
2013 -3.42% -2.16%
2014 -6.27% -3.88%
2015 -9.28% -0.75%
2016 -7.99% -3.21%
2017 -7.97% -3.14%
2018 -6.99% -2.52%
2019 -4.86% -2.52%
2020 -11.6% -7.78%
2021 -2.63% -6.94%
2022 -3.96% -5.11%
2023 -7.71% -5.78%
2024 -6.63% -7.35%
2025 -8.52% -4.95%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 30 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.42%, compared with 4.17% in Guyana. In 2025, inflation was 5.2% in Brazil and 3.6% in Guyana.

Inflation
Brazil

Guyana
Year Inflation
Brazil Guyana Brazil Guyana
1996 15.8% 7.1%
1997 6.9% 3.6%
1998 3.2% 4.6%
1999 4.9% 7.5%
2000 7% 6.1%
2001 6.8% 2.6%
2002 8.4% 5.4%
2003 14.7% 6%
2004 6.6% 4.7%
2005 6.9% 6.9%
2006 4.2% 6.7%
2007 3.6% 12.2%
2008 5.7% 8.1%
2009 4.9% 3%
2010 5% 4.3%
2011 6.6% 4.4%
2012 5.4% 2.4%
2013 6.2% 1.9%
2014 6.3% 0.7%
2015 9% -0.9%
2016 8.7% 0.8%
2017 3.4% 1.9%
2018 3.7% 1.3%
2019 3.7% 2.1%
2020 3.2% 1.2%
2021 8.3% 3.3%
2022 9.3% 6.5%
2023 4.6% 4.5%
2024 4.4% 2.5%
2025 5.2% 3.6%

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $191M
Metals $121M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $31.3M
Animal & marine products $9.37M
Textiles & consumer goods $9.22M
Wood & paper products $6.06M
Raw agricultural goods $5.65M
Raw materials & minerals $4.75M
Chemicals & pharma $4.74M
Weapons & explosives $1.66M
Guyana
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $560M
Machinery & equipment $51.6M
Raw agricultural goods $27M
Metals $713K
Textiles & consumer goods $174K
Chemicals & pharma $50K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5K
Precious metals & jewellery $3K
Animal & marine products $1K

Balance of trade

Brazil Guyana
Current account balance
-$57.9B
2024
$2.35B
2023
Current account balance ranking
187/189
2024
41/189
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.66%
2024
+13.9%
2023
Goods imports
$274B
2024
$6B
2023
Goods exports
$340B
2024
$13.2B
2023
Service imports
$103B
2024
$4.95B
2023
Service exports
$48.1B
2024
$529M
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.5%
2024
109.7%
2005
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
18%
2024
84.6%
2005

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Guyana
Economic freedom 55.1 58.2
Economic freedom ranking 129/197 109/197
Property rights 51.4 48.2
Government integrity 36.4 38.6
Judicial effectiveness 54.2 48.3
Tax burden 74.8 76.9
Government spending 44.3 83.6
Fiscal health 49.6 39.7
Business freedom 66.8 71.1
Labor freedom 57.1 76.7
Monetary freedom 74.4 76
Trade freedom 71.6 54
Investment freedom 40 55
Financial freedom 40 30

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 55.1, ranking 129/197, compared to 58.2 for Guyana, ranking 109/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Brazil
Guyana
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Guyana
1995 51.4 45.7
1996 48.1 50.1
1997 52.6 53.2
1998 52.3 52.7
1999 61.3 53.3
2000 61.1 52.4
2001 61.9 53.3
2002 61.5 54.3
2003 63.4 50.3
2004 62 53
2005 61.7 56.5
2006 60.9 56.6
2007 56.2 53.7
2008 56.2 48.8
2009 56.7 48.4
2010 55.6 48.4
2011 56.3 49.4
2012 57.9 51.3
2013 57.7 53.8
2014 56.9 55.7
2015 56.6 55.5
2016 56.5 55.4
2017 52.9 58.5
2018 51.4 58.7
2019 51.9 56.8
2020 53.7 56.2
2021 53.4 57.4
2022 53.3 59.5
2023 53.5 56.9
2024 53.2 57.3
2025 55.1 58.2

More economic indicators

Brazil Guyana
Services, % of GDP
59.3%
2024
15.3%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
21.3%
2024
74.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.58%
2024
8.02%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.11T
2024
$16.8B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,650
2024
$52,320
2024
Total reserves including gold
$330B
2024
$1.01B
2024
Total reserves ranking
11/177
2024
141/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$44.7B
2024
$1.14B
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$71.1B
2024
$8.63B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
$5.7M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
10.7%
2023
2.72%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
35%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
16.9%
2024
32.3%
2005

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.