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Economy of Brazil vs Ivory Coast compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Brazil has a GDP of $2.18T compared to $86.5B for Ivory Coast, ranking 10/197 and 76/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $1.9T in government debt (92% of GDP), compared to $51.3B (58.1% of GDP) in Ivory Coast.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Brazil
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Ivory Coast
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Brazil Ivory Coast
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $17,030,465,539 $188,463,862,170 $546,203,559 $5,492,745,890
1961 $17,275,940,449 $204,671,754,317 $618,245,634 $6,038,315,905
1962 $19,231,747,852 $218,180,090,102 $645,284,474 $6,112,405,708
1963 $23,287,712,878 $219,489,170,643 $761,047,198 $6,998,115,047
1964 $20,963,733,695 $226,951,802,444 $921,063,327 $8,230,699,197
1965 $22,465,522,884 $232,398,645,703 $919,771,229 $7,974,752,908
1966 $28,283,323,733 $247,969,354,965 $1,024,102,880 $8,898,018,736
1967 $31,086,389,195 $258,384,067,874 $1,082,922,725 $9,307,163,144
1968 $33,930,457,425 $283,705,706,525 $1,281,281,277 $10,475,049,116
1969 $37,171,640,819 $310,657,748,645 $1,361,360,293 $11,474,286,968
1970 $42,327,664,794 $342,966,154,504 $1,455,482,795 $12,664,747,894
1971 $48,869,830,902 $381,868,537,873 $1,584,128,509 $13,862,407,214
1972 $58,434,858,375 $427,464,970,641 $1,849,400,402 $14,449,705,425
1973 $83,592,275,863 $487,176,363,096 $2,508,421,426 $15,307,901,973
1974 $109,794,519,728 $526,900,425,028 $3,070,152,309 $15,970,333,193
1975 $129,203,555,239 $554,123,521,012 $3,893,839,190 $17,288,346,644
1976 $153,168,949,208 $610,960,688,345 $4,662,053,825 $19,521,378,207
1977 $176,344,101,402 $641,107,493,085 $6,265,068,189 $20,949,261,442
1978 $200,278,646,124 $672,969,879,570 $7,900,526,298 $23,234,711,410
1979 $221,338,204,480 $718,459,683,183 $9,142,933,967 $23,791,045,073
1980 $237,393,489,893 $784,557,974,035 $10,175,617,609 $21,184,094,378
1981 $258,015,174,749 $751,214,260,139 $8,432,589,942 $21,925,643,371
1982 $271,314,113,768 $757,449,338,498 $7,567,110,849 $21,969,674,962
1983 $189,656,506,321 $735,256,072,880 $6,838,184,773 $21,112,804,815
1984 $188,339,974,087 $774,959,900,815 $6,841,639,247 $20,542,492,760
1985 $210,879,844,639 $835,794,253,030 $6,977,650,644 $21,467,156,206
1986 $256,480,852,471 $898,395,242,581 $9,158,302,100 $22,166,845,697
1987 $283,056,836,894 $930,108,594,645 $10,087,654,465 $22,089,489,410
1988 $307,881,930,752 $929,550,529,488 $10,255,169,806 $22,340,532,915
1989 $412,990,820,287 $958,924,326,220 $9,757,410,645 $22,999,132,930
1990 $384,959,818,182 $917,211,118,029 $10,795,850,583 $22,747,083,497
1991 $342,534,090,909 $926,678,475,666 $10,492,628,581 $22,756,392,780
1992 $328,191,909,882 $921,636,677,089 $11,152,971,274 $22,700,739,607
1993 $368,292,034,381 $967,024,426,396 $11,045,760,288 $22,657,044,066
1994 $525,369,467,296 $1,023,623,112,444 $8,313,557,510 $22,840,839,521
1995 $769,333,050,987 $1,066,858,840,298 $11,000,146,267 $24,468,419,439
1996 $850,426,432,992 $1,090,424,301,690 $18,071,152,831 $26,359,663,692
1997 $883,206,179,730 $1,127,442,527,330 $18,047,558,038 $28,903,065,479
1998 $863,710,759,256 $1,131,254,386,852 $19,619,654,756 $30,135,465,006
1999 $599,642,024,320 $1,136,547,951,100 $18,870,992,456 $30,487,103,687
2000 $655,448,231,984 $1,186,419,100,641 $16,577,533,892 $30,406,072,178
2001 $559,983,634,799 $1,202,909,097,021 $16,810,537,044 $29,751,121,586
2002 $509,795,273,807 $1,239,639,467,498 $18,054,383,321 $28,938,759,334
2003 $558,233,745,652 $1,253,781,634,017 $21,251,754,340 $27,571,152,176
2004 $669,289,424,806 $1,325,999,012,758 $23,510,575,681 $28,449,303,912
2005 $891,633,839,894 $1,368,459,252,278 $24,036,918,703 $28,732,677,632
2006 $1,107,626,541,435 $1,422,677,453,371 $25,281,413,263 $29,541,668,753
2007 $1,397,114,486,369 $1,509,032,133,942 $28,760,090,953 $29,867,049,486
2008 $1,695,855,083,498 $1,585,905,180,197 $34,078,240,293 $31,295,490,701
2009 $1,666,996,438,581 $1,583,909,921,137 $33,886,813,250 $32,423,167,867
2010 $2,208,837,745,101 $1,703,150,236,757 $34,936,307,980 $34,643,522,419
2011 $2,616,156,223,918 $1,770,840,632,844 $36,693,710,801 $32,783,010,325
2012 $2,465,227,802,807 $1,804,861,597,828 $36,302,302,877 $35,281,210,701
2013 $2,472,819,535,557 $1,859,094,488,272 $42,760,235,485 $39,077,544,168
2014 $2,456,043,727,199 $1,868,463,501,662 $48,843,005,614 $42,739,891,584
2015 $1,802,212,206,815 $1,802,212,206,815 $45,815,005,169 $45,815,005,169
2016 $1,795,693,482,853 $1,743,173,232,417 $48,407,761,037 $49,101,205,369
2017 $2,063,514,977,366 $1,766,233,131,667 $52,512,343,997 $52,739,979,047
2018 $1,916,933,898,011 $1,797,736,844,969 $58,522,477,787 $55,294,253,264
2019 $1,873,288,205,060 $1,819,683,217,699 $60,382,894,697 $59,010,785,541
2020 $1,476,107,231,310 $1,760,056,587,795 $63,027,852,805 $59,423,700,881
2021 $1,670,647,398,905 $1,843,881,119,920 $72,794,636,649 $63,620,992,438
2022 $1,951,923,942,083 $1,899,505,377,558 $70,922,824,824 $67,692,661,917
2023 $2,191,131,765,685 $1,961,080,794,856 $79,618,056,324 $72,059,148,622
2024 $2,179,412,080,829 $2,027,676,479,715 $86,538,413,923 $76,346,667,965

Economic indicators

Brazil Ivory Coast
Gross domestic product
$2.18T
2024
$86.5B
2024
GDP rank
10/197
2024
76/197
2024
GDP growth
-0.53%
2023-2024
8.69%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,280
2024
$2,710
2024
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2024
142/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,333
2024
$7,653
2024
Government debt
$1.9T
2024
$51.3B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
92%
2025
58.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$8,973
2024
$1,606
2024
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2024
125/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,664
2025
$2,373
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$659B
2024
$7.33B
2020
Number of millionaires
380,585
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
56
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
40.8%
2023
27.8%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2023
3.1%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.7%
2025
20.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
5.2%
2024-2025
3.47%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
15%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.8%
2024
2.31%
2022
Population
213415080
33340347

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Ivory Coast

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,280, ranking 85/197, compared to $2,710 in Ivory Coast, ranking 142/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 86th at $22,333, while Ivory Coast ranks 144th at $7,653.

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Ivory Coast
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Brazil Ivory Coast
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $235.3 - $148.7 -
1961 $231.6 - $162.3 -
1962 $250.2 - $163.1 -
1963 $294.2 - $185.1 -
1964 $257.3 - $215.5 -
1965 $268 - $207 -
1966 $328 - $221.8 -
1967 $351 - $225.6 -
1968 $374 - $256.8 -
1969 $399 - $262.2 -
1970 $444 - $269 -
1971 $500 - $280.3 -
1972 $583 - $313 -
1973 $815 - $406 -
1974 $1,045 - $474 -
1975 $1,201 - $575 -
1976 $1,390 - $661 -
1977 $1,562 - $856 -
1978 $1,733 - $1,039 -
1979 $1,870 - $1,157 -
1980 $1,959 - $1,238 -
1981 $2,080 - $986 -
1982 $2,138 - $849 -
1983 $1,461 - $737 -
1984 $1,420 - $709 -
1985 $1,556 - $695 -
1986 $1,854 - $877 -
1987 $2,006 - $930 -
1988 $2,141 - $910 -
1989 $2,819 - $833 -
1990 $2,581 $6,688 $886 $2,693
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $827 $2,677
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $845 $2,625
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $804 $2,577
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $582 $2,551
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $740 $2,683
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $1,170 $2,832
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $1,125 $3,040
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $1,177 $3,086
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $1,096 $3,065
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $937 $3,041
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $925 $2,962
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $968 $2,851
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $1,111 $2,702
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $1,200 $2,794
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $1,198 $2,842
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $1,230 $2,942
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $1,368 $2,985
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $1,584 $3,116
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $1,540 $3,177
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $1,554 $3,361
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $1,597 $3,176
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $1,547 $3,291
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $1,786 $3,619
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $1,991 $4,074
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $1,815 $4,404
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $1,863 $4,531
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $1,964 $4,690
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $2,131 $4,946
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $2,142 $5,516
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $2,180 $5,544
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $2,456 $6,045
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $2,333 $6,719
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $2,555 $7,227
2024 $10,280 $22,333 $2,710 $7,653

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Brazil's government spending was $991B, accounting for 47.7% of its GDP, while Ivory Coast's spent $17.6B, or 20.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 92% in Brazil and 58.1% in Ivory Coast, ranking 31/185 and 90/185, respectively.

Brazil
Government spending

Government debt
Ivory Coast
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Brazil Ivory Coast
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 13.7% 22.3% - -
1961 12% 25.7% - -
1962 23.1% 23.7% - -
1963 22.8% 20.4% - -
1964 25.4% 22.2% - -
1965 14% 17.6% - -
1966 14.6% 19.6% - -
1967 13.5% 13.8% - -
1968 14.4% 15.8% - -
1969 11.2% 16.5% - -
1970 11.4% 17% - -
1971 11.7% 17.9% - -
1972 12.6% 22.5% - -
1973 11% 22.4% - -
1974 10.5% 25.7% - -
1975 10.7% 27.7% - -
1976 10.6% 31.8% - -
1977 10.4% 31% - -
1978 10.2% 37% - -
1979 9% 36.6% - -
1980 6.8% 39.7% - -
1981 7.8% 34.6% - -
1982 8.1% 32.8% - -
1983 9.7% 51.5% - -
1984 10% 55.8% - -
1985 11.1% 52.6% - -
1986 11.7% 49.4% - -
1987 - 50.3% - -
1988 - 46.9% - -
1989 - 40.2% - -
1990 - 40.6% - -
1991 - 38.1% - -
1992 - 37.1% - -
1993 - 32.6% - -
1994 - 30% - -
1995 - 28% - -
1996 38.2% 30.7% - -
1997 38.6% 31.8% 15.2% 84.2%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 14.6% 75.2%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 13.7% 78%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 12.9% 74%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 11.4% 71.2%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 13.1% 63%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 12.7% 56.4%
2004 39.7% 68% 13.5% 56.7%
2005 41.9% 67% 13.6% 58.2%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 14.5% 57.5%
2007 40.4% 63% 14.8% 53.5%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 14.6% 51.2%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 14.4% 46.5%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 14.5% 45.6%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 13.2% 50%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 16.1% 24.7%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 15.9% 24.6%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 15.2% 26.7%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 16.5% 29.2%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 17.6% 31.1%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 18.1% 32.6%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 17.6% 35.3%
2019 43% 87.1% 17.2% 37.2%
2020 46.2% 96% 20.4% 46.3%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 20.5% 50.2%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 21.9% 56%
2023 45.3% 84% 21.3% 57.5%
2024 45.5% 87.3% 20.4% 59.3%
2025 47.7% 92% 20.4% 58.1%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$144B, equivalent to -6.63% of GDP. This compares to Ivory Coast's deficit of -$3.43B, or -3.97% of GDP.

Over the past 28 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while Ivory Coast ran a deficit in 27 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to -5.1% of GDP, compared to deficit of -2.1% of GDP for Ivory Coast.

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Ivory Coast
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Ivory Coast
1880 -4.84% -
1881 -1.9% -
1882 -1.58% -
1883 -3.33% -
1884 -3.89% -
1885 -5.71% -
1886 -3.8% -
1887 -0.76% -
1888 0.63% -
1889 -3.79% -
1890 -3.02% -
1891 0.51% -
1892 -2.6% -
1893 -1.77% -
1894 -4.11% -
1895 -1.33% -
1896 -0.79% -
1897 -2.38% -
1898 -14% -
1899 -2.13% -
1900 -5.57% -
1901 -2.46% -
1902 1.59% -
1903 1.79% -
1904 -0.62% -
1905 0.96% -
1906 0.28% -
1907 0.38% -
1908 -1.89% -
1909 -1.62% -
1910 -2.06% -
1911 -2.15% -
1912 -3.05% -
1913 -1.91% -
1914 -7.32% -
1915 -6.33% -
1916 -4.35% -
1917 -4.8% -
1918 -4.51% -
1919 -3.69% -
1920 -3.11% -
1921 -2.98% -
1922 -3.8% -
1923 -1.94% -
1924 -0.45% -
1925 -0.07% -
1926 -0.76% -
1927 0.12% -
1928 0.57% -
1929 -0.09% -
1930 -3.58% -
1931 -1.56% -
1932 -6.47% -
1933 -1.56% -
1934 -2.28% -
1935 -0.5% -
1936 -0.27% -
1937 -1.62% -
1938 -0.59% -
1939 -1.2% -
1940 -1.13% -
1941 -2.15% -
1942 -2.55% -
1943 -0.75% -
1944 -2.37% -
1945 -2.87% -
1946 -1.78% -
1947 0.25% -
1948 0.002% -
1949 -1.22% -
1950 -1.58% -
1951 0.87% -
1952 0.64% -
1953 -1.26% -
1954 -0.49% -
1955 -0.62% -
1956 -0.14% -
1957 -0.29% -
1958 -0.76% -
1959 -0.18% -
1960 -3.85% -
1961 -2.93% -
1962 -6.82% -
1963 -5.78% -
1964 -8.79% -
1965 -2% -
1966 -1.3% -
1967 -2.1% -
1968 -1.6% -
1969 -0.6% -
1970 -0.4% -
1971 -0.3% -
1972 -0.1% -
1973 0.1% -
1974 0.6% -
1975 0% -
1976 0.1% -
1977 0.1% -
1978 -0.1% -
1979 0.4% -
1980 2.5% -
1981 1% -
1982 1.4% -
1983 0.1% -
1984 -0.4% -
1985 -1.3% -
1986 -1.6% -
1987 -1.6% -
1988 -1.6% -
1989 -1.6% -
1990 -1.6% -
1991 -1.6% -
1992 -1.6% -
1993 -1.6% -
1994 -1.6% -
1995 -1.6% -
1996 -5.35% -
1997 -5.6% -0.75%
1998 -7.22% -0.7%
1999 -5.17% -1.27%
2000 -3.32% -0.83%
2001 -3.47% 0.7%
2002 -4.15% -0.64%
2003 -5.4% -1.26%
2004 -2.95% -1.04%
2005 -3.36% -1.03%
2006 -4.87% -1.03%
2007 -2.66% -0.39%
2008 -2.39% -0.21%
2009 -4.23% -1%
2010 -3.55% -1.34%
2011 -2.74% -2.89%
2012 -2.35% -2.28%
2013 -3.42% -1.62%
2014 -6.27% -1.57%
2015 -9.28% -2.04%
2016 -7.99% -2.98%
2017 -7.97% -3.27%
2018 -6.99% -2.9%
2019 -4.86% -2.22%
2020 -11.6% -5.42%
2021 -2.63% -4.86%
2022 -3.96% -6.74%
2023 -7.71% -5.19%
2024 -6.63% -3.97%
2025 -8.52% -3.02%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.46%, compared with 2.56% in Ivory Coast. In 2024, inflation was 5.2% in Brazil and 3.47% in Ivory Coast.

Inflation
Brazil

Ivory Coast
Year Inflation
Brazil Ivory Coast Brazil Ivory Coast
1996 15.8% 2.48%
1997 6.9% 4.02%
1998 3.2% 4.61%
1999 4.9% 0.7%
2000 7% 2.53%
2001 6.8% 4.36%
2002 8.4% 3.08%
2003 14.7% 3.3%
2004 6.6% 1.46%
2005 6.9% 3.89%
2006 4.2% 2.47%
2007 3.6% 1.89%
2008 5.7% 6.31%
2009 4.9% 1.02%
2010 5% 1.23%
2011 6.6% 4.91%
2012 5.4% 1.3%
2013 6.2% 2.58%
2014 6.3% 0.45%
2015 9% 1.25%
2016 8.7% 0.72%
2017 3.4% 0.69%
2018 3.7% 0.36%
2019 3.7% -1.11%
2020 3.2% 2.43%
2021 8.3% 4.09%
2022 9.3% 5.28%
2023 4.6% 4.39%
2024 4.4% 3.47%
2025 5.2% -

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $143M
Animal & marine products $39.8M
Metals $8.17M
Raw materials & minerals $7.16M
Machinery & equipment $6.82M
Weapons & explosives $5.27M
Wood & paper products $4.42M
Chemicals & pharma $3.95M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.38M
Raw agricultural goods $820K
Ivory Coast
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $178M
Raw materials & minerals $53.3M
Raw agricultural goods $12.5M
Metals $102K
Textiles & consumer goods $33K
Chemicals & pharma $16K
Wood & paper products $7K
Animal & marine products $5K
Machinery & equipment $3K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K

Balance of trade

Brazil Ivory Coast
Current account balance
-$57.9B
2024
-$9.21B
2023
Current account balance ranking
187/189
2024
175/189
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.66%
2024
-11.6%
2023
Goods imports
$274B
2024
$15.4B
2023
Goods exports
$340B
2024
$17.1B
2023
Service imports
$103B
2024
$8.78B
2023
Service exports
$48.1B
2024
$1.5B
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.5%
2024
27.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
18%
2024
27.6%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Ivory Coast
Economic freedom 55.1 57.8
Economic freedom ranking 129/197 112/197
Property rights 51.4 46.3
Government integrity 36.4 36.6
Judicial effectiveness 54.2 31.1
Tax burden 74.8 82.2
Government spending 44.3 86.3
Fiscal health 49.6 42.4
Business freedom 66.8 65.2
Labor freedom 57.1 56.8
Monetary freedom 74.4 66.5
Trade freedom 71.6 70
Investment freedom 40 60
Financial freedom 40 50

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 55.1, ranking 129/197, compared to 57.8 for Ivory Coast, ranking 112/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Brazil
Ivory Coast
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Ivory Coast
1995 51.4 53.4
1996 48.1 49.9
1997 52.6 50.5
1998 52.3 51.3
1999 61.3 51.7
2000 61.1 50.2
2001 61.9 54.8
2002 61.5 57.3
2003 63.4 56.7
2004 62 57.8
2005 61.7 56.6
2006 60.9 56.2
2007 56.2 54.9
2008 56.2 53.9
2009 56.7 55
2010 55.6 54.1
2011 56.3 55.4
2012 57.9 54.3
2013 57.7 54.1
2014 56.9 57.7
2015 56.6 58.5
2016 56.5 60
2017 52.9 63
2018 51.4 62
2019 51.9 62.4
2020 53.7 59.7
2021 53.4 61.7
2022 53.3 61.6
2023 53.5 60.4
2024 53.2 58.4
2025 55.1 57.8

More economic indicators

Brazil Ivory Coast
Services, % of GDP
59.3%
2024
53.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
21.3%
2024
22.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.58%
2024
17.9%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.11T
2024
$80.2B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,650
2024
$7,350
2024
Total reserves including gold
$330B
2024
n/a
Total reserves ranking
11/177
2024
n/a
Net foreign direct investment
-$44.7B
2024
-$2B
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$71.1B
2024
$3.8B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
$563M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
10.7%
2023
4.64%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
37.5%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
16.9%
2024
24.5%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

Economy vs Brazil vs Ivory Coast
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.