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Economy of Brazil vs Ivory Coast compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Brazil has a GDP of $2.19T compared to $87.1B for Ivory Coast, ranking 10/197 and 77/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $1.91T in government debt (87.3% of GDP), compared to $51.6B (59.3% of GDP) in Ivory Coast.

Brazil vs Ivory Coast GDP by year

Brazil
Ivory Coast
1x
Year GDP, current $
Brazil Ivory Coast
2024 $2,185,821,648,944 $87,113,179,149
2023 $2,191,131,869,706 $80,780,312,569
2022 $1,951,923,832,084 $70,922,824,814
2021 $1,670,647,464,063 $72,794,636,654
2020 $1,476,107,292,152 $63,027,852,805
2019 $1,873,288,158,839 $60,382,894,697
2018 $1,916,933,708,353 $58,522,477,787
2017 $2,063,514,688,806 $52,512,343,997
2016 $1,795,693,265,999 $48,407,761,037
2015 $1,802,211,999,456 $45,815,005,169
2014 $2,456,043,766,032 $48,843,005,614
2013 $2,472,819,362,044 $42,760,235,485
2012 $2,465,228,293,707 $36,302,302,877
2011 $2,616,156,606,579 $36,693,710,801
2010 $2,208,838,108,484 $34,936,307,980
2009 $1,666,996,294,252 $33,886,813,250
2008 $1,695,855,391,758 $34,078,240,293
2007 $1,397,114,247,189 $28,760,090,953
2006 $1,107,626,711,163 $25,281,413,263
2005 $891,633,826,625 $24,036,918,703
2004 $669,289,321,945 $23,510,575,681
2003 $558,233,724,165 $21,251,754,340
2002 $509,795,270,685 $18,054,383,321
2001 $559,983,704,094 $16,810,537,044
2000 $655,448,188,259 $16,577,533,892
1999 $599,642,075,004 $18,870,992,456
1998 $863,711,007,325 $19,619,654,756
1997 $883,206,452,795 $18,047,558,038
1996 $850,426,433,004 $18,071,152,831
1995 $769,333,330,412 $11,000,146,267
1994 $525,369,851,354 $8,313,557,510
1993 $368,295,778,245 $11,045,760,288
1992 $328,187,960,872 $11,152,971,274
1991 $342,609,231,343 $10,492,628,581
1990 $390,725,626,003 $10,795,850,583
1989 $412,990,820,287 $9,757,410,645
1988 $307,881,930,752 $10,255,169,806
1987 $283,056,836,894 $10,087,654,465
1986 $256,480,852,471 $9,158,302,100
1985 $210,879,844,639 $6,977,650,644
1984 $188,339,974,087 $6,841,639,247
1983 $189,656,506,321 $6,838,184,773
1982 $271,314,113,768 $7,567,110,849
1981 $258,015,174,749 $8,432,589,942
1980 $237,393,489,893 $10,175,617,609
1979 $221,338,204,480 $9,142,933,967
1978 $200,278,646,124 $7,900,526,298
1977 $176,344,101,402 $6,265,068,189
1976 $153,168,949,208 $4,662,053,825
1975 $129,203,555,239 $3,893,839,190
1974 $109,794,519,728 $3,070,152,309
1973 $83,592,275,863 $2,508,421,426
1972 $58,434,858,375 $1,849,400,402
1971 $48,869,830,902 $1,584,128,509
1970 $42,327,664,794 $1,455,482,795
1969 $37,171,640,819 $1,361,360,293
1968 $33,930,457,425 $1,281,281,277
1967 $31,086,389,195 $1,082,922,725
1966 $28,283,323,733 $1,024,102,880
1965 $22,465,522,884 $919,771,229
1964 $20,963,733,695 $921,063,327
1963 $23,287,712,878 $761,047,198
1962 $19,231,747,852 $645,284,474
1961 $17,275,940,449 $618,245,634
1960 $17,030,465,539 $546,203,559

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/ivory-coast | CC BY

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Ivory Coast by year

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Ivory Coast
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Brazil Ivory Coast
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $10,311 $22,338 $2,728 $7,669
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $2,592 $7,237
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $2,333 $6,719
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $2,456 $6,045
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $2,180 $5,544
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $2,142 $5,516
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $2,131 $4,946
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $1,964 $4,690
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $1,863 $4,531
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $1,815 $4,404
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $1,991 $4,074
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $1,786 $3,619
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $1,547 $3,291
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $1,597 $3,176
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $1,554 $3,361
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $1,540 $3,177
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $1,584 $3,116
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $1,368 $2,985
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $1,230 $2,942
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $1,198 $2,842
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $1,200 $2,794
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $1,111 $2,702
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $968 $2,851
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $925 $2,962
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $937 $3,041
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $1,096 $3,065
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $1,177 $3,086
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $1,125 $3,040
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $1,170 $2,832
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $740 $2,683
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $582 $2,551
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $804 $2,577
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $845 $2,625
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $827 $2,677
1990 $2,620 $6,688 $886 $2,693
1989 $2,819 - $833 -
1988 $2,141 - $910 -
1987 $2,006 - $930 -
1986 $1,854 - $877 -
1985 $1,556 - $695 -
1984 $1,420 - $709 -
1983 $1,461 - $737 -
1982 $2,138 - $849 -
1981 $2,080 - $986 -
1980 $1,959 - $1,238 -
1979 $1,870 - $1,157 -
1978 $1,733 - $1,039 -
1977 $1,562 - $856 -
1976 $1,390 - $661 -
1975 $1,201 - $575 -
1974 $1,045 - $474 -
1973 $815 - $406 -
1972 $583 - $313 -
1971 $500 - $280.3 -
1970 $444 - $269 -
1969 $399 - $262.2 -
1968 $374 - $256.8 -
1967 $351 - $225.6 -
1966 $328 - $221.8 -
1965 $268 - $207 -
1964 $257.3 - $215.5 -
1963 $294.2 - $185.1 -
1962 $250.2 - $163.1 -
1961 $231.6 - $162.3 -
1960 $235.3 - $148.7 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/ivory-coast | CC BY

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,311, ranking 85/197, compared to $2,728 in Ivory Coast, ranking 142/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338, while Ivory Coast ranks 145th at $7,669.

Economic indicators

Brazil Ivory Coast
Gross domestic product
$2.19T
2024
$87.1B
2024
GDP rank
10/197
2024
77/197
2024
GDP growth
3.42%
2023-2024
6.02%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,311
2024
$2,728
2024
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2024
142/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,338
2024
$7,669
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
88/197
2024
145/197
2024
Government debt
$1.91T
2024
$51.6B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
87.3%
2024
59.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$8,999
2024
$1,616
2024
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2024
125/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,263
2026
$2,733
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$659B
2024
$7.33B
2020
Number of millionaires
433,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
56
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
40.8%
2023
27.8%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2023
3.1%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
45.7%
2024
20.4%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.4%
2023-2024
3.45%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
15%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.8%
2024
2.31%
2022
Population
213824938
33722528

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Brazil
Spending

Debt
Ivory Coast
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Brazil Ivory Coast
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 45.7% 87.3% 20.4% 59.3%
2023 45.3% 84% 21.3% 57.5%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 21.9% 56%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 20.5% 50.2%
2020 46.2% 96% 20.4% 46.3%
2019 43% 87.1% 17.2% 37.2%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 17.6% 35.3%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 18.1% 32.6%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 17.6% 31.1%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 16.5% 29.2%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 15.2% 26.7%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 15.9% 24.6%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 16.1% 24.7%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 13.2% 50%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 14.5% 45.6%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 14.4% 46.5%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 14.6% 51.2%
2007 40.4% 63% 14.8% 53.5%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 14.5% 57.5%
2005 41.9% 67% 13.6% 58.2%
2004 39.7% 68% 13.5% 56.7%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 12.7% 56.4%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 13.1% 63%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 11.4% 71.2%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 12.9% 74%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 13.7% 78%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 14.6% 75.2%
1997 38.6% 31.8% 15.2% 84.2%
1996 38.2% 30.7% - -
1995 - 28% - -
1994 - 30% - -
1993 - 32.6% - -
1992 - 37.1% - -
1991 - 38.1% - -
1990 - 40.6% - -
1989 - 40.2% - -
1988 - 46.9% - -
1987 - 50.3% - -
1986 11.7% 49.4% - -
1985 11.1% 52.6% - -
1984 10% 55.8% - -
1983 9.7% 51.5% - -
1982 8.1% 32.8% - -
1981 7.8% 34.6% - -
1980 6.8% 39.7% - -
1979 9% 36.6% - -
1978 10.2% 37% - -
1977 10.4% 31% - -
1976 10.6% 31.8% - -
1975 10.7% 27.7% - -
1974 10.5% 25.7% - -
1973 11% 22.4% - -
1972 12.6% 22.5% - -
1971 11.7% 17.9% - -
1970 11.4% 17% - -
1969 11.2% 16.5% - -
1968 14.4% 15.8% - -
1967 13.5% 13.8% - -
1966 14.6% 19.6% - -
1965 14% 17.6% - -
1964 25.4% 22.2% - -
1963 22.8% 20.4% - -
1962 23.1% 23.7% - -
1961 12% 25.7% - -
1960 13.7% 22.3% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/ivory-coast | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government spending was $998B, accounting for 45.7% of its GDP, while Ivory Coast spent $17.7B, or 20.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 87.3% in Brazil and 59.3% in Ivory Coast, ranking 38/185 and 82/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Ivory Coast
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Ivory Coast
2024 -6.19% -3.97%
2023 -7.71% -5.19%
2022 -3.96% -6.74%
2021 -2.63% -4.86%
2020 -11.6% -5.42%
2019 -4.86% -2.22%
2018 -6.99% -2.9%
2017 -7.97% -3.27%
2016 -7.99% -2.98%
2015 -9.28% -2.04%
2014 -6.27% -1.57%
2013 -3.42% -1.62%
2012 -2.35% -2.28%
2011 -2.74% -2.89%
2010 -3.55% -1.34%
2009 -4.23% -1%
2008 -2.39% -0.21%
2007 -2.66% -0.39%
2006 -4.87% -1.03%
2005 -3.36% -1.03%
2004 -2.95% -1.04%
2003 -5.4% -1.26%
2002 -4.15% -0.64%
2001 -3.47% 0.7%
2000 -3.32% -0.83%
1999 -5.17% -1.27%
1998 -7.22% -0.7%
1997 -5.6% -0.75%
1996 -5.35% -
1995 - -
1994 - -
1993 - -
1992 - -
1991 - -
1990 - -
1989 - -
1988 - -
1987 - -
1986 -1.6% -
1985 -1.3% -
1984 -0.4% -
1983 0.1% -
1982 1.4% -
1981 1% -
1980 2.5% -
1979 0.4% -
1978 -0.1% -
1977 0.1% -
1976 0.1% -
1975 0% -
1974 0.6% -
1973 0.1% -
1972 -0.1% -
1971 -0.3% -
1970 -0.4% -
1969 -0.6% -
1968 -1.6% -
1967 -2.1% -
1966 -1.3% -
1965 -2% -
1964 -8.79% -
1963 -5.78% -
1962 -6.82% -
1961 -2.93% -
1960 -3.85% -
1959 -0.18% -
1958 -0.76% -
1957 -0.29% -
1956 -0.14% -
1955 -0.62% -
1954 -0.49% -
1953 -1.26% -
1952 0.64% -
1951 0.87% -
1950 -1.58% -
1949 -1.22% -
1948 0.002% -
1947 0.25% -
1946 -1.78% -
1945 -2.87% -
1944 -2.37% -
1943 -0.75% -
1942 -2.55% -
1941 -2.15% -
1940 -1.13% -
1939 -1.2% -
1938 -0.59% -
1937 -1.62% -
1936 -0.27% -
1935 -0.5% -
1934 -2.28% -
1933 -1.56% -
1932 -6.47% -
1931 -1.56% -
1930 -3.58% -
1929 -0.09% -
1928 0.57% -
1927 0.12% -
1926 -0.76% -
1925 -0.07% -
1924 -0.45% -
1923 -1.94% -
1922 -3.8% -
1921 -2.98% -
1920 -3.11% -
1919 -3.69% -
1918 -4.51% -
1917 -4.8% -
1916 -4.35% -
1915 -6.33% -
1914 -7.32% -
1913 -1.91% -
1912 -3.05% -
1911 -2.15% -
1910 -2.06% -
1909 -1.62% -
1908 -1.89% -
1907 0.38% -
1906 0.28% -
1905 0.96% -
1904 -0.62% -
1903 1.79% -
1902 1.59% -
1901 -2.46% -
1900 -5.57% -
1899 -2.13% -
1898 -14% -
1897 -2.38% -
1896 -0.79% -
1895 -1.33% -
1894 -4.11% -
1893 -1.77% -
1892 -2.6% -
1891 0.51% -
1890 -3.02% -
1889 -3.79% -
1888 0.63% -
1887 -0.76% -
1886 -3.8% -
1885 -5.71% -
1884 -3.89% -
1883 -3.33% -
1882 -1.58% -
1881 -1.9% -
1880 -4.84% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/ivory-coast | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $135B, equivalent to 6.19% of GDP. This compares to Ivory Coast's deficit of $3.45B, or 3.97% of GDP.

Over the past 28 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while Ivory Coast ran a deficit in 27 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to 5.08% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.1% of GDP for Ivory Coast.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Brazil

Ivory Coast
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Brazil Ivory Coast
2024 4.4% 3.45%
2023 4.6% 4.37%
2022 9.3% 5.23%
2021 8.3% 4.16%
2020 3.2% 2.41%
2019 3.7% 0.79%
2018 3.7% 0.4%
2017 3.4% 0.69%
2016 8.7% 0.72%
2015 9% 1.25%
2014 6.3% 0.45%
2013 6.2% 2.58%
2012 5.4% 1.3%
2011 6.6% 4.91%
2010 5% 1.23%
2009 4.9% 1.02%
2008 5.7% 6.31%
2007 3.6% 1.89%
2006 4.2% 2.47%
2005 6.9% 3.89%
2004 6.6% 1.46%
2003 14.7% 3.3%
2002 8.4% 3.08%
2001 6.8% 4.36%
2000 7% 2.53%
1999 4.9% 0.7%
1998 3.2% 4.61%
1997 6.9% 4.02%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/ivory-coast | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.13%, compared with 2.63% in Ivory Coast. In 2024, inflation was 4.4% in Brazil and 3.45% in Ivory Coast.

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $143M
Animal & marine products $39.8M
Metals $8.17M
Raw materials & minerals $7.16M
Machinery & equipment $6.82M
Weapons & explosives $5.27M
Wood & paper products $4.42M
Chemicals & pharma $3.95M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.38M
Raw agricultural goods $820K
Ivory Coast
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $178M
Raw materials & minerals $53.3M
Raw agricultural goods $12.5M
Metals $102K
Textiles & consumer goods $33K
Chemicals & pharma $16K
Wood & paper products $7K
Animal & marine products $5K
Machinery & equipment $3K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K

Balance of trade

Brazil Ivory Coast
Current account balance
-$66.2B
2024
-$9.21B
2023
Current account balance ranking
188/190
2024
175/190
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.03%
2024
-11.4%
2023
Goods imports
$274B
2024
$15.4B
2023
Goods exports
$340B
2024
$17.1B
2023
Service imports
$103B
2024
$8.78B
2023
Service exports
$48.1B
2024
$1.5B
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.6%
2024
25.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.9%
2024
26%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Ivory Coast
Economic freedom 52.4 58.1
Economic freedom ranking 148/197 111/197
Property rights 49.2 43.9
Government integrity 37.2 39.3
Judicial effectiveness 55.6 30.2
Tax burden 70.6 81.6
Government spending 39.8 86.6
Fiscal health 28 48
Business freedom 65.7 68.3
Labor freedom 57 57.1
Monetary freedom 76 67.6
Trade freedom 69 74.4
Investment freedom 40 50
Financial freedom 40 50

Economic freedom comparison by year

Brazil
Ivory Coast
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Ivory Coast
2026 52.4 58.1
2025 55.1 57.8
2024 53.2 58.4
2023 53.5 60.4
2022 53.3 61.6
2021 53.4 61.7
2020 53.7 59.7
2019 51.9 62.4
2018 51.4 62
2017 52.9 63
2016 56.5 60
2015 56.6 58.5
2014 56.9 57.7
2013 57.7 54.1
2012 57.9 54.3
2011 56.3 55.4
2010 55.6 54.1
2009 56.7 55
2008 56.2 53.9
2007 56.2 54.9
2006 60.9 56.2
2005 61.7 56.6
2004 62 57.8
2003 63.4 56.7
2002 61.5 57.3
2001 61.9 54.8
2000 61.1 50.2
1999 61.3 51.7
1998 52.3 51.3
1997 52.6 50.5
1996 48.1 49.9
1995 51.4 53.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/ivory-coast | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 52.4, ranking 148/197, compared to 58.1 for Ivory Coast, ranking 111/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Brazil Ivory Coast
Services, % of GDP
59.2%
2024
51.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.9%
2024
24%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.75%
2024
15.9%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.11T
2024
$80.9B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,590
2024
$7,360
2024
Total reserves including gold
$330B
2024
n/a
Total reserves ranking
11/177
2024
n/a
Net foreign direct investment
-$47.8B
2024
-$2B
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$74.1B
2024
$3.12B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
$228M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.4%
2024
6.44%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
37.5%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17%
2024
20.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/ivory-coast | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.