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Economy of Brazil vs Ivory Coast compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Brazil has a GDP of $2.28T compared to $99.8B for Ivory Coast, ranking 11/197 and 77/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $2.13T in government debt (93.3% of GDP), compared to $56.2B (56.3% of GDP) in Ivory Coast.

Brazil vs Ivory Coast GDP by year

Brazil
Ivory Coast
1x
Year GDP, current $
Brazil Ivory Coast
2025 $2,279,920,092,492 $99,773,555,666
2024 $2,185,821,610,689 $87,113,179,149
2023 $2,191,131,765,685 $80,780,312,569
2022 $1,951,923,942,083 $70,922,824,814
2021 $1,670,647,398,905 $72,794,636,654
2020 $1,476,107,231,310 $63,027,852,805
2019 $1,873,288,205,060 $60,382,894,697
2018 $1,916,933,898,011 $58,522,477,787
2017 $2,063,514,977,366 $52,512,343,997
2016 $1,795,693,482,853 $48,407,761,037
2015 $1,802,212,206,815 $45,815,005,169
2014 $2,456,043,727,199 $48,843,005,614
2013 $2,472,819,535,557 $42,760,235,485
2012 $2,465,227,802,807 $36,302,302,877
2011 $2,616,156,223,918 $36,693,710,801
2010 $2,208,837,745,101 $34,936,307,980
2009 $1,666,996,438,581 $33,886,813,250
2008 $1,695,855,083,498 $34,078,240,293
2007 $1,397,114,486,369 $28,760,090,953
2006 $1,107,626,541,435 $25,281,413,263
2005 $891,633,839,894 $24,036,918,703
2004 $669,289,424,806 $23,510,575,681
2003 $558,233,745,652 $21,251,754,340
2002 $509,795,273,807 $18,054,383,321
2001 $559,983,634,799 $16,810,537,044
2000 $655,448,231,984 $16,577,533,892
1999 $599,642,024,320 $18,870,992,456
1998 $863,710,759,256 $19,619,654,756
1997 $883,206,179,730 $18,047,558,038
1996 $850,426,432,992 $18,071,152,831
1995 $769,333,050,987 $11,000,146,267
1994 $525,369,467,296 $8,313,557,510
1993 $368,292,034,381 $11,045,760,288
1992 $328,191,909,882 $11,152,971,274
1991 $342,534,090,909 $10,492,628,581
1990 $384,959,818,182 $10,795,850,583
1989 $412,990,820,287 $9,757,410,645
1988 $307,881,930,752 $10,255,169,806
1987 $283,056,836,894 $10,087,654,465
1986 $256,480,852,471 $9,158,302,100
1985 $210,879,844,639 $6,977,650,644
1984 $188,339,974,087 $6,841,639,247
1983 $189,656,506,321 $6,838,184,773
1982 $271,314,113,768 $7,567,110,849
1981 $258,015,174,749 $8,432,589,942
1980 $237,393,489,893 $10,175,617,609
1979 $221,338,204,480 $9,142,933,967
1978 $200,278,646,124 $7,900,526,298
1977 $176,344,101,402 $6,265,068,189
1976 $153,168,949,208 $4,662,053,825
1975 $129,203,555,239 $3,893,839,190
1974 $109,794,519,728 $3,070,152,309
1973 $83,592,275,863 $2,508,421,426
1972 $58,434,858,375 $1,849,400,402
1971 $48,869,830,902 $1,584,128,509
1970 $42,327,664,794 $1,455,482,795
1969 $37,171,640,819 $1,361,360,293
1968 $33,930,457,425 $1,281,281,277
1967 $31,086,389,195 $1,082,922,725
1966 $28,283,323,733 $1,024,102,880
1965 $22,465,522,884 $919,771,229
1964 $20,963,733,695 $921,063,327
1963 $23,287,712,878 $761,047,198
1962 $19,231,747,852 $645,284,474
1961 $17,275,940,449 $618,245,634
1960 $17,030,465,539 $546,203,559

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/ivory-coast | CC BY

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Ivory Coast by year

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Ivory Coast
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Brazil Ivory Coast
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $10,713 - $3,050 -
2024 $10,311 $22,338 $2,728 $7,669
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $2,592 $7,237
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $2,333 $6,719
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $2,456 $6,045
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $2,180 $5,544
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $2,142 $5,516
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $2,131 $4,946
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $1,964 $4,690
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $1,863 $4,531
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $1,815 $4,404
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $1,991 $4,074
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $1,786 $3,619
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $1,547 $3,291
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $1,597 $3,176
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $1,554 $3,361
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $1,540 $3,177
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $1,584 $3,116
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $1,368 $2,985
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $1,230 $2,942
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $1,198 $2,842
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $1,200 $2,794
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $1,111 $2,702
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $968 $2,851
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $925 $2,962
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $937 $3,041
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $1,096 $3,065
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $1,177 $3,086
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $1,125 $3,040
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $1,170 $2,832
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $740 $2,683
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $582 $2,551
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $804 $2,577
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $845 $2,625
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $827 $2,677
1990 $2,581 $6,688 $886 $2,693
1989 $2,819 - $833 -
1988 $2,141 - $910 -
1987 $2,006 - $930 -
1986 $1,854 - $877 -
1985 $1,556 - $695 -
1984 $1,420 - $709 -
1983 $1,461 - $737 -
1982 $2,138 - $849 -
1981 $2,080 - $986 -
1980 $1,959 - $1,238 -
1979 $1,870 - $1,157 -
1978 $1,733 - $1,039 -
1977 $1,562 - $856 -
1976 $1,390 - $661 -
1975 $1,201 - $575 -
1974 $1,045 - $474 -
1973 $815 - $406 -
1972 $583 - $313 -
1971 $500 - $280.3 -
1970 $444 - $269 -
1969 $399 - $262.2 -
1968 $374 - $256.8 -
1967 $351 - $225.6 -
1966 $328 - $221.8 -
1965 $268 - $207 -
1964 $257.3 - $215.5 -
1963 $294.2 - $185.1 -
1962 $250.2 - $163.1 -
1961 $231.6 - $162.3 -
1960 $235.3 - $148.7 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/ivory-coast | CC BY

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,713, ranking 85/197, compared to $3,050 in Ivory Coast, ranking 145/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338, while Ivory Coast ranks 145th at $7,669.

Economic indicators

Brazil Ivory Coast
Gross domestic product
$2.28T
2025
$99.8B
2025
GDP rank
11/197
2025
77/197
2025
GDP growth
2.29%
2024-2025
6.5%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$10,713
2025
$3,050
2025
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2025
145/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,338
2024
$7,669
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
88/197
2024
145/197
2024
Government debt
$2.13T
2025
$56.2B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
93.3%
2025
56.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$9,999
2025
$1,718
2025
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2025
124/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,555
2026
$2,667
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$871B
2025
$7.33B
2020
Number of millionaires
386,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
70
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
39.3%
2024
27.8%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2024
3.1%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.4%
2025
20.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
5%
2024-2025
0.13%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
14.5%
2026
n/a
Unemployment rate
5.83%
2025
2.31%
2022
Population
213964342
33910252

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Brazil
Spending

Debt
Ivory Coast
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Brazil Ivory Coast
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 47.4% 93.3% 20.2% 56.3%
2024 45.5% 87% 20.4% 59.5%
2023 45.3% 84% 21% 56.7%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 21.9% 56%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 20.5% 50.2%
2020 46.2% 96% 20.4% 46.3%
2019 43% 87.1% 17.2% 37.2%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 17.6% 35.3%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 18.1% 32.6%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 17.6% 31.1%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 16.5% 29.2%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 15.2% 26.7%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 15.9% 24.6%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 16.1% 24.7%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 13.2% 50%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 14.5% 45.6%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 14.4% 46.5%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 14.6% 51.2%
2007 40.4% 63% 14.8% 53.5%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 14.5% 57.5%
2005 41.9% 67% 13.6% 58.2%
2004 39.7% 68% 13.5% 56.7%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 12.7% 56.4%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 13.1% 63%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 11.4% 71.2%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 12.9% 74%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 13.7% 78%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 14.6% 75.2%
1997 38.6% 31.8% 15.2% 84.2%
1996 38.2% 30.7% - -
1995 - 28% - -
1994 - 30% - -
1993 - 32.6% - -
1992 - 37.1% - -
1991 - 38.1% - -
1990 - 40.6% - -
1989 - 40.2% - -
1988 - 46.9% - -
1987 - 50.3% - -
1986 11.7% 49.4% - -
1985 11.1% 52.6% - -
1984 10% 55.8% - -
1983 9.7% 51.5% - -
1982 8.1% 32.8% - -
1981 7.8% 34.6% - -
1980 6.8% 39.7% - -
1979 9% 36.6% - -
1978 10.2% 37% - -
1977 10.4% 31% - -
1976 10.6% 31.8% - -
1975 10.7% 27.7% - -
1974 10.5% 25.7% - -
1973 11% 22.4% - -
1972 12.6% 22.5% - -
1971 11.7% 17.9% - -
1970 11.4% 17% - -
1969 11.2% 16.5% - -
1968 14.4% 15.8% - -
1967 13.5% 13.8% - -
1966 14.6% 19.6% - -
1965 14% 17.6% - -
1964 25.4% 22.2% - -
1963 22.8% 20.4% - -
1962 23.1% 23.7% - -
1961 12% 25.7% - -
1960 13.7% 22.3% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/ivory-coast | CC BY

In 2025, Brazil's government spending was $1.08T, accounting for 47.4% of its GDP, while Ivory Coast spent $20.1B, or 20.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 93.3% in Brazil and 56.3% in Ivory Coast, ranking 29/185 and 85/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Ivory Coast
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Ivory Coast
2025 -8.07% -3%
2024 -6.17% -3.96%
2023 -7.71% -5.12%
2022 -3.96% -6.74%
2021 -2.63% -4.88%
2020 -11.6% -5.42%
2019 -4.86% -2.22%
2018 -6.99% -2.9%
2017 -7.97% -3.27%
2016 -7.99% -2.98%
2015 -9.28% -2.04%
2014 -6.27% -1.57%
2013 -3.42% -1.62%
2012 -2.35% -2.28%
2011 -2.74% -2.89%
2010 -3.55% -1.34%
2009 -4.23% -1%
2008 -2.39% -0.21%
2007 -2.66% -0.39%
2006 -4.87% -1.03%
2005 -3.36% -1.03%
2004 -2.95% -1.04%
2003 -5.4% -1.26%
2002 -4.15% -0.64%
2001 -3.47% 0.7%
2000 -3.32% -0.83%
1999 -5.17% -1.27%
1998 -7.22% -0.7%
1997 -5.6% -0.75%
1996 -5.35% -
1995 - -
1994 - -
1993 - -
1992 - -
1991 - -
1990 - -
1989 - -
1988 - -
1987 - -
1986 -1.6% -
1985 -1.3% -
1984 -0.4% -
1983 0.1% -
1982 1.4% -
1981 1% -
1980 2.5% -
1979 0.4% -
1978 -0.1% -
1977 0.1% -
1976 0.1% -
1975 0% -
1974 0.6% -
1973 0.1% -
1972 -0.1% -
1971 -0.3% -
1970 -0.4% -
1969 -0.6% -
1968 -1.6% -
1967 -2.1% -
1966 -1.3% -
1965 -2% -
1964 -8.79% -
1963 -5.78% -
1962 -6.82% -
1961 -2.93% -
1960 -3.85% -
1959 -0.18% -
1958 -0.76% -
1957 -0.29% -
1956 -0.14% -
1955 -0.62% -
1954 -0.49% -
1953 -1.26% -
1952 0.64% -
1951 0.87% -
1950 -1.58% -
1949 -1.22% -
1948 0.002% -
1947 0.25% -
1946 -1.78% -
1945 -2.87% -
1944 -2.37% -
1943 -0.75% -
1942 -2.55% -
1941 -2.15% -
1940 -1.13% -
1939 -1.2% -
1938 -0.59% -
1937 -1.62% -
1936 -0.27% -
1935 -0.5% -
1934 -2.28% -
1933 -1.56% -
1932 -6.47% -
1931 -1.56% -
1930 -3.58% -
1929 -0.09% -
1928 0.57% -
1927 0.12% -
1926 -0.76% -
1925 -0.07% -
1924 -0.45% -
1923 -1.94% -
1922 -3.8% -
1921 -2.98% -
1920 -3.11% -
1919 -3.69% -
1918 -4.51% -
1917 -4.8% -
1916 -4.35% -
1915 -6.33% -
1914 -7.32% -
1913 -1.91% -
1912 -3.05% -
1911 -2.15% -
1910 -2.06% -
1909 -1.62% -
1908 -1.89% -
1907 0.38% -
1906 0.28% -
1905 0.96% -
1904 -0.62% -
1903 1.79% -
1902 1.59% -
1901 -2.46% -
1900 -5.57% -
1899 -2.13% -
1898 -14% -
1897 -2.38% -
1896 -0.79% -
1895 -1.33% -
1894 -4.11% -
1893 -1.77% -
1892 -2.6% -
1891 0.51% -
1890 -3.02% -
1889 -3.79% -
1888 0.63% -
1887 -0.76% -
1886 -3.8% -
1885 -5.71% -
1884 -3.89% -
1883 -3.33% -
1882 -1.58% -
1881 -1.9% -
1880 -4.84% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/ivory-coast | CC BY

In 2025, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $184B, equivalent to 8.07% of GDP. This compares to Ivory Coast's deficit of $3B, or 3% of GDP.

Over the past 29 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 29 of those years, while Ivory Coast ran a deficit in 28 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to 5.19% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.13% of GDP for Ivory Coast.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Brazil

Ivory Coast
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Brazil Ivory Coast
2025 5% 0.13%
2024 4.4% 3.45%
2023 4.6% 4.37%
2022 9.3% 5.23%
2021 8.3% 4.16%
2020 3.2% 2.41%
2019 3.7% 0.79%
2018 3.7% 0.4%
2017 3.4% 0.69%
2016 8.7% 0.72%
2015 9% 1.25%
2014 6.3% 0.45%
2013 6.2% 2.58%
2012 5.4% 1.3%
2011 6.6% 4.91%
2010 5% 1.23%
2009 4.9% 1.02%
2008 5.7% 6.31%
2007 3.6% 1.89%
2006 4.2% 2.47%
2005 6.9% 3.89%
2004 6.6% 1.46%
2003 14.7% 3.3%
2002 8.4% 3.08%
2001 6.8% 4.36%
2000 7% 2.53%
1999 4.9% 0.7%
1998 3.2% 4.61%
1997 6.9% 4.02%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/ivory-coast | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.09%, compared with 2.54% in Ivory Coast. In 2025, inflation was 5% in Brazil and 0.13% in Ivory Coast.

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $124M
Animal & marine products $54M
Raw agricultural goods $15.4M
Machinery & equipment $13.5M
Chemicals & pharma $5.41M
Raw materials & minerals $4.98M
Wood & paper products $3.69M
Metals $2.57M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.24M
Weapons & explosives $1.83M
Ivory Coast
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $297M
Raw materials & minerals $281M
Raw agricultural goods $5.02M
Machinery & equipment $1.66M
Precious metals & jewellery $171K
Metals $33K
Textiles & consumer goods $12K
Wood & paper products $7K
Animal & marine products $5K
Chemicals & pharma $1K

Balance of trade

Brazil Ivory Coast
Current account balance
-$66.7B
2025
-$3.89B
2024
Current account balance ranking
188/190
2025
156/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.93%
2025
-4.47%
2024
Goods imports
$291B
2025
$15.3B
2024
Goods exports
$351B
2025
$20.8B
2024
Service imports
$105B
2025
$6.63B
2024
Service exports
$54.4B
2025
$1.22B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.5%
2025
24.8%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.8%
2025
29.8%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Ivory Coast
Economic freedom 52.4 58.1
Economic freedom ranking 148/197 111/197
Property rights 49.2 43.9
Government integrity 37.2 39.3
Judicial effectiveness 55.6 30.2
Tax burden 70.6 81.6
Government spending 39.8 86.6
Fiscal health 28 48
Business freedom 65.7 68.3
Labor freedom 57 57.1
Monetary freedom 76 67.6
Trade freedom 69 74.4
Investment freedom 40 50
Financial freedom 40 50

Economic freedom comparison by year

Brazil
Ivory Coast
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Ivory Coast
2026 52.4 58.1
2025 55.1 57.8
2024 53.2 58.4
2023 53.5 60.4
2022 53.3 61.6
2021 53.4 61.7
2020 53.7 59.7
2019 51.9 62.4
2018 51.4 62
2017 52.9 63
2016 56.5 60
2015 56.6 58.5
2014 56.9 57.7
2013 57.7 54.1
2012 57.9 54.3
2011 56.3 55.4
2010 55.6 54.1
2009 56.7 55
2008 56.2 53.9
2007 56.2 54.9
2006 60.9 56.2
2005 61.7 56.6
2004 62 57.8
2003 63.4 56.7
2002 61.5 57.3
2001 61.9 54.8
2000 61.1 50.2
1999 61.3 51.7
1998 52.3 51.3
1997 52.6 50.5
1996 48.1 49.9
1995 51.4 53.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/ivory-coast | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 52.4, ranking 148/197, compared to 58.1 for Ivory Coast, ranking 111/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Brazil Ivory Coast
Services, % of GDP
59.7%
2025
51.2%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
20.1%
2025
23.9%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
6.09%
2025
16.8%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$2.25T
2025
$91B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$22,670
2025
$7,750
2025
Total reserves including gold
$359B
2025
n/a
Total reserves ranking
13/177
2025
n/a
Net foreign direct investment
-$47.5B
2025
-$2.89B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$74.1B
2024
$3.12B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
$228M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.4%
2024
6.47%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
37.5%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17.1%
2025
19.3%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.