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Economy of Brazil vs Tanzania compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Brazil has a GDP of $2.19T compared to $78.8B for Tanzania, ranking 10/197 and 82/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $1.91T in government debt (87.3% of GDP), compared to $39.3B (49.9% of GDP) in Tanzania.

Brazil vs Tanzania GDP by year

Brazil
Tanzania
1x
Year GDP, current $
Brazil Tanzania
2024 $2,185,821,648,944 $78,844,405,385
2023 $2,191,131,869,706 $79,030,935,627
2022 $1,951,923,832,084 $75,749,121,843
2021 $1,670,647,464,063 $70,655,628,148
2020 $1,476,107,292,152 $66,068,737,786
2019 $1,873,288,158,839 $61,026,731,926
2018 $1,916,933,708,353 $57,003,712,892
2017 $2,063,514,688,806 $53,274,884,533
2016 $1,795,693,265,999 $49,774,409,374
2015 $1,802,211,999,456 $47,413,919,817
2014 $2,456,043,766,032 $49,986,726,461
2013 $2,472,819,362,044 $45,648,857,242
2012 $2,465,228,293,707 $39,650,394,363
2011 $2,616,156,606,579 $34,657,140,096
2010 $2,208,838,108,484 $32,012,892,919
2009 $1,666,996,294,252 $29,400,573,554
2008 $1,695,855,391,758 $27,947,821,398
2007 $1,397,114,247,189 $21,860,434,823
2006 $1,107,626,711,163 $18,619,859,795
2005 $891,633,826,625 $18,395,383,647
2004 $669,289,321,945 $16,673,062,473
2003 $558,233,724,165 $15,211,487,709
2002 $509,795,270,685 $14,129,651,896
2001 $559,983,704,094 $13,563,990,022
2000 $655,448,188,259 $13,371,767,082
1999 $599,642,075,004 $12,704,334,196
1998 $863,711,007,325 $12,172,790,056
1997 $883,206,452,795 $11,158,197,942
1996 $850,426,433,004 $9,433,528,150
1995 $769,333,330,412 $7,631,431,840
1994 $525,369,851,354 $6,550,480,484
1993 $368,295,778,245 $6,182,872,708
1992 $328,187,960,872 $6,681,997,469
1991 $342,609,231,343 $7,197,768,159
1990 $390,725,626,003 $6,184,384,225
1989 $412,990,820,287 $6,418,799,007
1988 $307,881,930,752 $7,406,614,407
1987 $283,056,836,894 $7,824,193,222
1986 $256,480,852,471 $10,840,864,521
1985 $210,879,844,639 $15,328,295,175
1984 $188,339,974,087 $12,906,635,133
1983 $189,656,506,321 $14,049,883,809
1982 $271,314,113,768 $13,927,383,240
1981 $258,015,174,749 $13,161,540,378
1980 $237,393,489,893 $11,409,228,087
1979 $221,338,204,480 $9,804,637,491
1978 $200,278,646,124 $9,261,675,710
1977 $176,344,101,402 $7,732,598,995
1976 $153,168,949,208 $6,472,511,988
1975 $129,203,555,239 $5,729,917,840
1974 $109,794,519,728 $4,977,337,978
1973 $83,592,275,863 $4,144,104,535
1972 $58,434,858,375 $3,472,787,266
1971 $48,869,830,902 $3,050,673,517
1970 $42,327,664,794 $2,851,419,386
1969 $37,171,640,819 $5,142,066,811
1968 $33,930,457,425 $4,895,251,824
1967 $31,086,389,195 $4,565,132,048
1966 $28,283,323,733 $4,377,998,825
1965 $22,465,522,884 $3,817,226,546
1964 $20,963,733,695 $3,748,840,925
1963 $23,287,712,878 $3,456,579,293
1962 $19,231,747,852 $3,101,589,993
1961 $17,275,940,449 $2,826,179,031
1960 $17,030,465,539 $2,651,729,807

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/tanzania | CC BY

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Tanzania by year

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Tanzania
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Brazil Tanzania
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $10,311 $22,338 $1,150 $4,221
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $1,186 $4,019
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $1,171 $3,800
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $1,125 $3,493
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $1,084 $3,291
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $1,031 $2,982
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $992 $2,728
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $957 $2,472
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $925 $2,435
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $911 $2,317
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $993 $2,221
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $935 $2,176
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $837 $2,083
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $753 $2,211
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $715 $2,069
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $674 $1,972
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $657 $1,908
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $528 $1,820
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $462 $1,707
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $469 $1,598
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $438 $1,482
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $410 $1,379
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $391 $1,302
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $385 $1,229
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $390 $1,164
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $382 $1,120
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $375 $1,082
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $353 $1,059
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $305 $1,026
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $251.2 $981
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $222.5 $958
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $218.2 $959
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $243.4 $955
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $268.8 $952
1990 $2,620 $6,688 $236.9 $925
1989 $2,819 - $252.3 -
1988 $2,141 - $299 -
1987 $2,006 - $326 -
1986 $1,854 - $466 -
1985 $1,556 - $681 -
1984 $1,420 - $593 -
1983 $1,461 - $667 -
1982 $2,138 - $683 -
1981 $2,080 - $665 -
1980 $1,959 - $595 -
1979 $1,870 - $527 -
1978 $1,733 - $515 -
1977 $1,562 - $446 -
1976 $1,390 - $387 -
1975 $1,201 - $355 -
1974 $1,045 - $320 -
1973 $815 - $276.1 -
1972 $583 - $239.8 -
1971 $500 - $218.4 -
1970 $444 - $211.3 -
1969 $399 - $394 -
1968 $374 - $388 -
1967 $351 - $374 -
1966 $328 - $370 -
1965 $268 - $333 -
1964 $257.3 - $337 -
1963 $294.2 - $320 -
1962 $250.2 - $295.7 -
1961 $231.6 - $277.4 -
1960 $235.3 - $267.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/tanzania | CC BY

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,311, ranking 85/197, compared to $1,150 in Tanzania, ranking 170/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338, while Tanzania ranks 165th at $4,221.

Economic indicators

Brazil Tanzania
Gross domestic product
$2.19T
2024
$78.8B
2024
GDP rank
10/197
2024
82/197
2024
GDP growth
3.42%
2023-2024
5.53%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,311
2024
$1,150
2024
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2024
170/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,338
2024
$4,221
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
88/197
2024
165/197
2024
Government debt
$1.91T
2024
$39.3B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
87.3%
2024
49.9%
2024
Government debt per person
$8,999
2024
$573
2024
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2024
160/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,263
2026
$2,309
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$659B
2024
$7.32B
2024
Number of millionaires
433,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
56
2025
1
2025
Income share by richest 10%
40.8%
2023
33.1%
2018
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2023
2.9%
2018
Government expenditure, % of GDP
45.7%
2024
19.1%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.4%
2023-2024
3.06%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
15%
2025
6%
2024
Unemployment rate
6.8%
2024
2.43%
2024
Population
213824938
73145892

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Brazil
Spending

Debt
Tanzania
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Brazil Tanzania
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 45.7% 87.3% 19.1% 49.9%
2023 45.3% 84% 19% 47.8%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 19.1% 44.9%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 18.4% 43.4%
2020 46.2% 96% 17.4% 41.3%
2019 43% 87.1% 17.3% 40.4%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 17.3% 42%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 16.4% 40.1%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 16.9% 39.8%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 17.2% 39.5%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 17.3% 36.4%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 18.8% 32.7%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 19.6% 30%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 19% 28.4%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 19.8% 27.6%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 19.6% 23.9%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 18.1% 21.6%
2007 40.4% 63% 17.8% 23.8%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 17.6% 17.4%
2005 41.9% 67% 18.3% 25.4%
2004 39.7% 68% 17% 44.5%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 15.4% 44.4%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 13.6% 47.4%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 12.4% 50.8%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 12.3% 55.4%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 12.8% 62.9%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 11.4% 62.2%
1997 38.6% 31.8% 12.8% 73.4%
1996 38.2% 30.7% 13.4% 89.6%
1995 - 28% 15.6% 111.1%
1994 - 30% 16.8% 126%
1993 - 32.6% 16.4% 129.2%
1992 - 37.1% 17.6% 117.6%
1991 - 38.1% 14.2% 106.5%
1990 - 40.6% - -
1989 - 40.2% - -
1988 - 46.9% - -
1987 - 50.3% - -
1986 11.7% 49.4% - -
1985 11.1% 52.6% - -
1984 10% 55.8% - -
1983 9.7% 51.5% - -
1982 8.1% 32.8% - -
1981 7.8% 34.6% - -
1980 6.8% 39.7% - -
1979 9% 36.6% - -
1978 10.2% 37% - -
1977 10.4% 31% - -
1976 10.6% 31.8% - -
1975 10.7% 27.7% - -
1974 10.5% 25.7% - -
1973 11% 22.4% - -
1972 12.6% 22.5% - -
1971 11.7% 17.9% - -
1970 11.4% 17% - -
1969 11.2% 16.5% - -
1968 14.4% 15.8% - -
1967 13.5% 13.8% - -
1966 14.6% 19.6% - -
1965 14% 17.6% - -
1964 25.4% 22.2% - -
1963 22.8% 20.4% - -
1962 23.1% 23.7% - -
1961 12% 25.7% - -
1960 13.7% 22.3% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1991–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/tanzania | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government spending was $998B, accounting for 45.7% of its GDP, while Tanzania spent $15.1B, or 19.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 87.3% in Brazil and 49.9% in Tanzania, ranking 38/185 and 109/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Tanzania
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Tanzania
2024 -6.19% -3.03%
2023 -7.71% -3.67%
2022 -3.96% -3.92%
2021 -2.63% -3.55%
2020 -11.6% -2.56%
2019 -4.86% -2.06%
2018 -6.99% -2.01%
2017 -7.97% -1.14%
2016 -7.99% -2.08%
2015 -9.28% -3.17%
2014 -6.27% -2.91%
2013 -3.42% -3.76%
2012 -2.35% -4%
2011 -2.74% -3.51%
2010 -3.55% -4.74%
2009 -4.23% -4.46%
2008 -2.39% -1.92%
2007 -2.66% -1.44%
2006 -4.87% -3.38%
2005 -3.36% -3.28%
2004 -2.95% -2.43%
2003 -5.4% -1.77%
2002 -4.15% -0.73%
2001 -3.47% -0.41%
2000 -3.32% -0.73%
1999 -5.17% -1.14%
1998 -7.22% 0.13%
1997 -5.6% -0.03%
1996 -5.35% 1.57%
1995 - -2.12%
1994 - -3.74%
1993 - -2.02%
1992 - -4.96%
1991 - 0.6%
1990 - -
1989 - -
1988 - -
1987 - -
1986 -1.6% -
1985 -1.3% -
1984 -0.4% -
1983 0.1% -
1982 1.4% -
1981 1% -
1980 2.5% -
1979 0.4% -
1978 -0.1% -
1977 0.1% -
1976 0.1% -
1975 0% -
1974 0.6% -
1973 0.1% -
1972 -0.1% -
1971 -0.3% -
1970 -0.4% -
1969 -0.6% -
1968 -1.6% -
1967 -2.1% -
1966 -1.3% -
1965 -2% -
1964 -8.79% -
1963 -5.78% -
1962 -6.82% -
1961 -2.93% -
1960 -3.85% -
1959 -0.18% -
1958 -0.76% -
1957 -0.29% -
1956 -0.14% -
1955 -0.62% -
1954 -0.49% -
1953 -1.26% -
1952 0.64% -
1951 0.87% -
1950 -1.58% -
1949 -1.22% -
1948 0.002% -
1947 0.25% -
1946 -1.78% -
1945 -2.87% -
1944 -2.37% -
1943 -0.75% -
1942 -2.55% -
1941 -2.15% -
1940 -1.13% -
1939 -1.2% -
1938 -0.59% -
1937 -1.62% -
1936 -0.27% -
1935 -0.5% -
1934 -2.28% -
1933 -1.56% -
1932 -6.47% -
1931 -1.56% -
1930 -3.58% -
1929 -0.09% -
1928 0.57% -
1927 0.12% -
1926 -0.76% -
1925 -0.07% -
1924 -0.45% -
1923 -1.94% -
1922 -3.8% -
1921 -2.98% -
1920 -3.11% -
1919 -3.69% -
1918 -4.51% -
1917 -4.8% -
1916 -4.35% -
1915 -6.33% -
1914 -7.32% -
1913 -1.91% -
1912 -3.05% -
1911 -2.15% -
1910 -2.06% -
1909 -1.62% -
1908 -1.89% -
1907 0.38% -
1906 0.28% -
1905 0.96% -
1904 -0.62% -
1903 1.79% -
1902 1.59% -
1901 -2.46% -
1900 -5.57% -
1899 -2.13% -
1898 -14% -
1897 -2.38% -
1896 -0.79% -
1895 -1.33% -
1894 -4.11% -
1893 -1.77% -
1892 -2.6% -
1891 0.51% -
1890 -3.02% -
1889 -3.79% -
1888 0.63% -
1887 -0.76% -
1886 -3.8% -
1885 -5.71% -
1884 -3.89% -
1883 -3.33% -
1882 -1.58% -
1881 -1.9% -
1880 -4.84% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1991–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/tanzania | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $135B, equivalent to 6.19% of GDP. This compares to Tanzania's deficit of $2.39B, or 3.03% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 29 of those years, while Tanzania ran a deficit in 31 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to 5.09% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.3% of GDP for Tanzania.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Brazil

Tanzania
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Brazil Tanzania
2024 4.4% 3.06%
2023 4.6% 3.8%
2022 9.3% 4.35%
2021 8.3% 3.69%
2020 3.2% 3.29%
2019 3.7% 3.46%
2018 3.7% 3.49%
2017 3.4% 5.32%
2016 8.7% 5.17%
2015 9% 5.59%
2014 6.3% 6.13%
2013 6.2% 7.87%
2012 5.4% 16%
2011 6.6% 12.7%
2010 5% 6.2%
2009 4.9% 12.1%
2008 5.7% 10.3%
2007 3.6% 7.03%
2006 4.2% 7.25%
2005 6.9% 5.03%
2004 6.6% 4.74%
2003 14.7% 5.3%
2002 8.4% 5.32%
2001 6.8% 5.15%
2000 7% 5.92%
1999 4.9% 7.89%
1998 3.2% 12.8%
1997 6.9% 16.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/tanzania | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.13%, compared with 6.97% in Tanzania. In 2024, inflation was 4.4% in Brazil and 3.06% in Tanzania.

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $20.7M
Machinery & equipment $10.3M
Animal & marine products $8.89M
Textiles & consumer goods $5.11M
Raw materials & minerals $2.02M
Raw agricultural goods $1.19M
Chemicals & pharma $851K
Wood & paper products $508K
Weapons & explosives $89K
Metals $69K
Tanzania
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $768K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $321K
Raw agricultural goods $96K
Textiles & consumer goods $88K
Raw materials & minerals $54K
Chemicals & pharma $20K
Animal & marine products $6K
Wood & paper products $3K
Miscellaneous $1K

Balance of trade

Brazil Tanzania
Current account balance
-$66.2B
2024
-$2.38B
2024
Current account balance ranking
188/190
2024
147/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.03%
2024
-3.02%
2024
Goods imports
$274B
2024
$14.2B
2024
Goods exports
$340B
2024
$9.12B
2024
Service imports
$103B
2024
$2.8B
2024
Service exports
$48.1B
2024
$6.85B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.6%
2024
21.7%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.9%
2024
19.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Tanzania
Economic freedom 52.4 59
Economic freedom ranking 148/197 106/197
Property rights 49.2 45.2
Government integrity 37.2 40.9
Judicial effectiveness 55.6 29.6
Tax burden 70.6 80.4
Government spending 39.8 89.1
Fiscal health 28 75
Business freedom 65.7 48.1
Labor freedom 57 62.3
Monetary freedom 76 73.4
Trade freedom 69 58.8
Investment freedom 40 55
Financial freedom 40 50

Economic freedom comparison by year

Brazil
Tanzania
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Tanzania
2026 52.4 59
2025 55.1 59.3
2024 53.2 59.1
2023 53.5 60
2022 53.3 59.5
2021 53.4 61.3
2020 53.7 61.7
2019 51.9 60.2
2018 51.4 59.9
2017 52.9 58.6
2016 56.5 58.5
2015 56.6 57.5
2014 56.9 57.8
2013 57.7 57.9
2012 57.9 57
2011 56.3 57
2010 55.6 58.3
2009 56.7 58.3
2008 56.2 56.5
2007 56.2 56.8
2006 60.9 58.5
2005 61.7 56.3
2004 62 60.1
2003 63.4 56.9
2002 61.5 58.3
2001 61.9 54.9
2000 61.1 56
1999 61.3 60
1998 52.3 59.6
1997 52.6 59.3
1996 48.1 57.5
1995 51.4 57.3

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/tanzania | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 52.4, ranking 148/197, compared to 59 for Tanzania, ranking 106/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Brazil Tanzania
Services, % of GDP
59.2%
2024
29.6%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.9%
2024
28.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.75%
2024
23.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.11T
2024
$80.2B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,590
2024
$4,130
2024
Total reserves including gold
$330B
2024
$5.05B
2018
Total reserves ranking
11/177
2024
101/177
2018
Net foreign direct investment
-$47.8B
2024
-$1.72B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$74.1B
2024
$1.72B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.4%
2024
2.57%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
26.4%
2018
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17%
2024
39.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/tanzania | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1991–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.