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Poland vs Romania statistics compared

Updated on by Georank team

Poland has a population of 36.6M (ranked 42/197), compared with 19.1M in Romania (ranked 67/197). Poland's land area is 118,252 sq mi versus 88,834 sq mi for Romania (ranked 69th vs. 80th).

By GDP, Poland ranks 21/197 ($918B) and Romania ranks 42/197 ($383B). By GDP per capita, Poland ranks 48/197 ($25,104), while Romania ranks 58/197 ($20,080).

Main facts and rankings

Poland Romania
Population
35806942
18839108
Population rank 47/197 70/197
GDP
$918B
2024
$383B
2024
GDP rank 21/197 42/197
GDP per capita
$25,104
2024
$20,080
2024
GDP per capita rank 48/197 58/197
GDP per capita, PPP
$51,263
2024
$49,077
2024
Government debt
$507B
2024
$220B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
55.3%
2024
57.4%
2024
Government debt per person
$13,874
2024
$11,533
2024
Government debt per person rank 41/185 48/185
Average annual personal income after taxes
$20,736
2026
$13,912
2026
Land area 118,252 sq mi 88,834 sq mi
Population density
303 ppl/mi²
2026
212.1 ppl/mi²
2026
Fertility rate
1.16
2023
1.71
2023
Median age
42.9 years
2024
43.8 years
2024
Life expectancy
79.2 years
2026
76.4 years
2026

Poland and Romania: Comparison Charts

Poland and Romania economies compared

GDP
Poland

Romania
1x
Year GDP
Poland Romania
2024 $917,767,106,147 $382,564,217,989
2023 $812,451,193,396 $347,757,995,759
2022 $695,607,470,875 $295,319,437,557
2021 $689,170,230,665 $285,071,280,114
2020 $605,914,237,904 $250,625,048,304
2019 $602,683,770,145 $250,080,428,512
2018 $594,616,687,350 $241,791,427,224
2017 $528,356,676,667 $210,147,385,855
2016 $473,259,583,970 $185,290,759,249
2015 $480,054,118,583 $177,885,131,240
2014 $542,134,167,179 $199,722,319,676
2013 $518,179,836,405 $189,798,603,751
2012 $498,148,649,703 $179,117,323,107
2011 $527,848,543,023 $192,623,977,894
2010 $478,111,630,684 $170,064,350,672
2009 $440,891,472,247 $174,110,532,659
2008 $535,612,030,672 $214,315,932,061
2007 $429,715,132,138 $174,588,782,939
2006 $345,897,630,736 $122,023,735,993
2005 $306,999,913,151 $98,454,380,120
2004 $256,268,656,145 $74,973,656,852
2003 $218,561,225,998 $57,806,384,143
2002 $199,694,463,256 $46,065,502,703
2001 $191,823,200,371 $40,395,116,581
2000 $172,953,527,033 $37,253,739,511
1999 $170,704,452,715 $35,953,156,754
1998 $175,282,269,667 $41,696,091,974
1997 $159,893,964,917 $35,575,214,078
1996 $160,813,026,223 $36,937,074,278
1995 $142,838,527,115 $37,430,162,103
1994 $110,803,635,288 $30,072,805,104
1993 $96,043,157,273 $26,361,160,450
1992 $94,337,050,693 $25,121,666,667
1991 $85,500,935,935 $28,850,634,900
1990 $65,977,748,211 $38,247,882,300
1989 - $41,450,777,202
1988 - $40,424,528,302
1987 - $38,067,567,568

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1987–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/poland/romania | CC BY

Poland and Romania economies compared

GDP per capita
Poland

Romania
1x
Year GDP per capita
Poland Romania
2024 $25,104 $20,080
2023 $22,145 $18,244
2022 $18,891 $15,504
2021 $18,636 $14,908
2020 $16,151 $13,009
2019 $15,875 $12,910
2018 $15,658 $12,416
2017 $13,913 $10,728
2016 $12,464 $9,405
2015 $12,638 $8,977
2014 $14,262 $10,032
2013 $13,622 $9,498
2012 $13,087 $8,930
2011 $13,868 $9,561
2010 $12,568 $8,400
2009 $11,556 $8,548
2008 $14,049 $10,435
2007 $11,273 $8,360
2006 $9,069 $5,758
2005 $8,044 $4,618
2004 $6,712 $3,495
2003 $5,721 $2,679
2002 $5,223 $2,120
2001 $5,015 $1,825
2000 $4,521 $1,660
1999 $4,416 $1,600
1998 $4,534 $1,853
1997 $4,137 $1,577
1996 $4,164 $1,633
1995 $3,701 $1,650
1994 $2,875 $1,323
1993 $2,497 $1,158
1992 $2,459 $1,102
1991 $2,236 $1,254
1990 $1,731 $1,648
1989 - $1,790
1988 - $1,753
1987 - $1,659

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1987–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/poland/romania | CC BY

Poland vs. Romania life expectancy calculator

Life expectancy
Poland

Romania
1x
Year Life expectancy, years
Poland Romania
2026 79.2 76.4
2025 79 76.2
2024 78.8 76.1
2023 78.6 75.9
2022 77.9 75.3
2021 75.6 72.7
2020 76.6 74
2019 77.9 75.3
2018 77.6 75.1
2017 77.7 75
2016 77.6 75
2015 77.6 74.7
2014 77.3 74.8
2013 77.1 74.9
2012 76.8 74.3
2011 76.6 74.3
2010 76.3 73.6
2009 75.9 73.5
2008 75.6 73.2
2007 75.4 72.8
2006 75.3 72.2
2005 75.1 71.6
2004 74.9 71.1
2003 74.8 70.8
2002 74.5 70.8
2001 74.2 71.1
2000 73.6 71.2
1999 73.2 70.6
1998 72.8 69.9
1997 72.6 69.1
1996 72.3 68.8
1995 72 69.3
1994 71.7 69.3
1993 71.3 69.5
1992 70.9 69.5
1991 70.7 70
1990 70.6 69.8
1989 70.8 69.5
1988 70.8 69.4
1987 70.8 69.1
1986 70.6 69.7
1985 70.5 69.4
1984 70.6 69.9
1983 70.8 69.8
1982 70.9 69.8
1981 70.6 69.5
1980 70.5 69.2
1979 70.2 69.5
1978 70.4 69.8
1977 70.3 69.5
1976 70.4 69.9
1975 70.6 69.6
1974 70.7 69.5
1973 70.7 68.7
1972 70.1 69
1971 69.8 68.4
1970 69.6 67.9
1969 69.8 67.2
1968 69.8 67.9
1967 69.9 68.1
1966 69.7 68.2
1965 69.4 68.4
1964 68.9 68.4
1963 68.3 67.8
1962 68 67.2
1961 67.8 66.4
1960 67.1 65.6
1959 66.4 64.9
1958 64.9 64.4
1957 64.4 64
1956 63.4 63.6
1955 63.1 63.3
1954 62.3 63
1953 61.3 62.5
1952 59.7 61.8
1951 58.9 61.2
1950 58.3 60.5

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).

GeoRank.org/facts/poland/romania | CC BY

Poland and Romania population clocks and comparison

Population
Poland

Romania
1x
Year Population
Poland Romania
2024 36,559,233 19,051,804
2023 36,687,353 19,061,062
2022 36,821,749 19,048,502
2021 36,981,559 19,122,059
2020 37,515,748 19,265,250
2019 37,965,475 19,371,648
2018 37,974,750 19,473,970
2017 37,974,826 19,588,715
2016 37,970,087 19,702,267
2015 37,986,412 19,815,616
2014 38,011,735 19,908,979
2013 38,040,196 19,983,693
2012 38,063,164 20,058,035
2011 38,063,255 20,147,528
2010 38,042,794 20,246,871
2009 38,151,603 20,367,487
2008 38,125,759 20,537,875
2007 38,120,560 20,882,982
2006 38,141,267 21,193,760
2005 38,165,445 21,319,685
2004 38,182,222 21,451,748
2003 38,204,570 21,574,326
2002 38,230,364 21,730,496
2001 38,248,076 22,131,970
2000 38,258,629 22,442,971
1999 38,660,271 22,472,040
1998 38,663,481 22,507,344
1997 38,649,660 22,553,978
1996 38,624,370 22,619,004
1995 38,594,998 22,684,270
1994 38,542,652 22,730,211
1993 38,461,408 22,763,280
1992 38,363,667 22,794,284
1991 38,246,193 23,001,155
1990 38,110,782 23,201,835
1989 37,961,529 23,161,458
1988 37,824,487 23,057,662
1987 37,668,045 22,949,430
1986 37,456,119 22,836,841
1985 37,201,885 22,732,999
1984 36,904,134 22,640,547
1983 36,571,808 22,560,478
1982 36,230,481 22,475,741
1981 35,898,587 22,353,070
1980 35,574,150 22,207,282
1979 35,247,217 22,090,488
1978 34,965,600 21,951,464
1977 34,689,050 21,756,096
1976 34,356,300 21,551,634
1975 34,015,199 21,293,583
1974 33,678,899 21,029,429
1973 33,357,200 20,835,681
1972 33,055,650 20,657,957
1971 32,783,500 20,461,567
1970 32,664,300 20,250,398
1969 32,548,300 20,009,141
1968 32,294,655 19,799,831
1967 31,987,155 19,534,242
1966 31,681,000 19,215,450
1965 31,444,950 19,031,576
1964 31,139,450 18,919,126
1963 30,712,000 18,797,850
1962 30,308,500 18,676,550
1961 29,964,000 18,555,250
1960 29,637,450 18,406,905

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/poland/romania | CC BY

Fertility rates in Poland and Romania

Fertility rate
Poland

Romania
1x
Year Fertility rate
Poland Romania
2023 1.16 1.71
2022 1.29 1.71
2021 1.33 1.81
2020 1.39 1.8
2019 1.44 1.77
2018 1.46 1.76
2017 1.48 1.78
2016 1.39 1.69
2015 1.32 1.62
2014 1.32 1.56
2013 1.29 1.46
2012 1.33 1.52
2011 1.33 1.47
2010 1.41 1.59
2009 1.4 1.66
2008 1.39 1.6
2007 1.31 1.45
2006 1.27 1.42
2005 1.24 1.4
2004 1.23 1.33
2003 1.22 1.3
2002 1.25 1.27
2001 1.31 1.27
2000 1.37 1.31
1999 1.37 1.3
1998 1.44 1.32
1997 1.51 1.32
1996 1.59 1.3
1995 1.62 1.33
1994 1.81 1.4
1993 1.87 1.43
1992 1.95 1.51
1991 2.07 1.59
1990 2.06 1.83
1989 2.08 2.22
1988 2.13 2.3
1987 2.15 2.38
1986 2.22 2.39
1985 2.33 2.31
1984 2.37 2.26
1983 2.42 2.06
1982 2.34 2.17
1981 2.24 2.36
1980 2.28 2.43
1979 2.28 2.49
1978 2.21 2.52
1977 2.23 2.57
1976 2.3 2.54
1975 2.27 2.59
1974 2.26 2.71
1973 2.26 2.44
1972 2.24 2.55
1971 2.25 2.67
1970 2.2 2.89
1969 2.2 3.19
1968 2.24 3.63
1967 2.33 3.66
1966 2.34 1.9
1965 2.52 1.91
1964 2.57 1.96
1963 2.7 2.01
1962 2.72 2.04
1961 2.83 2.17
1960 2.98 2.34

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/poland/romania | CC BY

Poland and Romania demographics compared

Median age
Poland

Romania
1x
Year Median age, years
Poland Romania
2024 42.9 43.8
2023 42.4 43.5
2022 41.9 43.3
2021 41.5 43.2
2020 41.1 42.9
2019 40.8 42.6
2018 40.4 42.3
2017 40 42
2016 39.7 41.7
2015 39.3 41.3
2014 39 40.9
2013 38.7 40.5
2012 38.4 40.2
2011 38.2 39.8
2010 38.1 39.3
2009 37.8 38.8
2008 37.5 38.2
2007 37.2 37.7
2006 36.9 37.3
2005 36.6 37
2004 36.3 36.6
2003 36 36
2002 35.8 35.3
2001 35.5 34.8
2000 35.2 34.8
1999 35 34.7
1998 34.7 34.6
1997 34.4 34.4
1996 34.2 34.2
1995 33.9 34
1994 33.5 33.8
1993 33.2 33.6
1992 32.9 33.3
1991 32.6 33.1
1990 32.4 33
1989 32.1 32.9
1988 31.7 32.8
1987 31.4 32.8
1986 31.1 32.7
1985 30.8 32.5
1984 30.6 32.3
1983 30.3 32.1
1982 30.1 32
1981 29.8 31.9
1980 29.5 31.8
1979 29.3 31.7
1978 29.1 31.7
1977 28.9 31.8
1976 28.7 31.8
1975 28.6 31.7
1974 28.6 31.6
1973 28.5 31.5
1972 28.5 31.5
1971 28.4 31.4
1970 28.2 31.4
1969 28.1 31.3
1968 28 31.3
1967 27.8 31.3
1966 27.7 31
1965 27.5 30.6
1964 27.3 30.2
1963 27.1 29.7
1962 26.9 29.3
1961 26.8 28.9
1960 26.6 28.5

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/poland/romania | CC BY

Interactive Maps

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National statistics comparison

Finance

Poland Romania
GNI, Atlas method
$789B
2024
$335B
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
49.4%
2024
39.9%
2024
Education expenditure, % of GDP
4.31%
2022
3.28%
2022
Military expenditure, % of GDP
4.15%
2024
2.3%
2024
Armed forces personnel
189,000
2020
128,000
2020
Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
-6.59%
2024
-8.68%
2024
Unemployment rate
2.81%
2024
5.43%
2024
Services, % of GDP
59.1%
2024
62.6%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
27.2%
2024
25.3%
2024
Economic freedom index
68.5
2026
65.4
2026
Income share by richest 10%
22.9%
2023
21.8%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.3%
2023
2.4%
2023
Number of billionaires
10
2025
6
2025
Percentage of billionaires
0.00003%
2025
0.00004%
2025
Listed domestic companies
749
2024
83
2024
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$197B
2024
$47.4B
2024
Total reserves including gold
$223B
2024
$73.4B
2024
Personal remittances received
$8.69B
2024
$9.53B
2024
International tourist arrivals
88,515,000
2019
5,023,000
2020
International tourism as share of exports
2.63%
2020
1.73%
2020
Banked people share
86.1%
2024
71.3%
2024

Energy

Poland Romania
Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita
2,639 kg
2023
1,601 kg
2023
GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use
$18.4
2023
$28.7
2023
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
276.1 megatons
2024
70.9 megatons
2024
CO2 emissions per capita
7.55 tons
2024
3.72 tons
2024
Fossil fuel energy use share
84.6%
2023
70.4%
2022
Renewable energy use share
15.2%
2021
23.6%
2021
Alternative and nuclear energy use share
3.47%
2023
17.5%
2023
Net energy imports use share
48.8%
2023
28.1%
2023
Electric power consumption per capita
4,382 kWh
2023
2,585 kWh
2023
Renewable electricity output share
17.5%
2021
44.9%
2021
Hydroelectric share
2.23%
2023
32.2%
2023
Nuclear share
0%
2021
19.3%
2023
Electricity access
100%
2023
100%
2023

Society

Poland Romania
% of world population
0.45%
2024
0.23%
2024
Annual migration change
-330,820
2025
-29,041
2025
Urban population
60%
2024
52.2%
2024
Male:Female ratio
48.4:51.6
2024
48.4:51.6
2024
Average male height
5.93 ft
2025
5.83 ft
2025
Average female height
5.44 ft
2025
5.4 ft
2025
Quality of life index
77.3
2026
71.2
2026
Corruption Perceptions Index
53
2025
45
2025
Higher education index
83
2026
69
2026
Homicides per 100K people
0.8
2023
1.12
2024
Road traffic mortality per 100K people
9.4
2019
10.3
2019
Visa free countries
171
2025
170
2025
Adult literacy rate
99.8%
2021
99.2%
2021
English speaking
49.1%
2023
31%
2023
People using the Internet
88.6%
2024
91.3%
2024

Health

Poland Romania
Government health expenditure per capita
$2,014
2024
$1,051
2023
Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita
$326
2024
$241.3
2023
Life expectancy
79.2 years
2026
76.4 years
2026
Foreign aid share of health expenditure
0.06%
2023
0%
2023
Physicians per 1,000 people
4.03
2023
3.63
2022
Age at first childbirth
28.4 years
2023
27.1 years
2023
Maternal mortality per 100K births
2
2023
12
2023
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age
4.4
2023
6.6
2023
Obesity rate
28.3%
2022
35%
2022
Diabetes prevalence
8.1%
2024
7.5%
2024
Air quality index
51
2026
50
2026
Tobacco use prevalence
23.6%
2022
30%
2022
Pure alcohol consumption per capita
11.7 liters
2020
16.8 liters
2020

Territory

Poland Romania
% of world land
0.21%
2026
0.15%
2026
Land area per capita
3,235 sq mi
2024
4,663 sq mi
2024
Agricultural land area
56,294 sq mi
2026
49,093 sq mi
2026
Forest area
36,753 sq mi
2026
26,753 sq mi
2026
Roads length
267,065 mi
2024
53,964 mi
2024

In-depth comparisons

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  3. U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  4. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  5. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  6. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  7. World Obesity Federation (2022, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  8. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2023, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  9. Passport Index (2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  10. Transparency International (2025, retrieved 2026-02-10)
  11. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  12. EduRank (2026, retrieved 2025-10-13)

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