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Economy of Guinea-Bissau vs Spain compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Guinea-Bissau has a GDP of $2.53B compared to $1.91T for Spain, ranking 176/197 and 12/197 by economy size, respectively.

Guinea-Bissau has $1.9B in government debt (75.3% of GDP), compared to $1.91T (100.4% of GDP) in Spain.

Guinea-Bissau vs Spain GDP by year

Guinea-Bissau
Spain
1x
Year GDP, current $
Guinea-Bissau Spain
2025 $2,527,930,273 $1,906,453,309,986
2024 $2,197,777,210 $1,725,671,652,742
2023 $2,076,748,678 $1,619,481,980,720
2022 $1,856,239,955 $1,448,850,658,407
2021 $1,907,611,288 $1,461,244,901,853
2020 $1,705,062,170 $1,289,783,836,971
2019 $1,596,214,680 $1,403,496,387,686
2018 $1,554,133,594 $1,431,642,809,327
2017 $1,469,978,606 $1,321,754,088,819
2016 $1,245,074,264 $1,243,015,667,917
2015 $1,152,384,167 $1,206,164,777,553
2014 $1,135,250,721 $1,380,244,561,362
2013 $1,109,682,824 $1,362,186,923,158
2012 $1,049,412,177 $1,330,994,811,670
2011 $1,157,074,319 $1,487,568,659,241
2010 $940,112,539 $1,427,989,078,917
2009 $890,167,833 $1,496,587,590,848
2008 $952,667,544 $1,636,115,447,613
2007 $753,162,998 $1,476,746,276,855
2006 $634,781,901 $1,261,846,683,275
2005 $639,776,041 $1,154,667,551,776
2004 $582,169,841 $1,069,829,382,515
2003 $553,614,800 $907,963,217,058
2002 $466,773,711 $708,938,227,244
2001 $412,610,872 $627,798,682,379
2000 $391,345,597 $598,102,854,756
1999 $579,365,780 $634,394,904,387
1998 $591,034,143 $618,731,484,575
1997 $698,107,222 $589,739,772,727
1996 $702,965,148 $642,251,412,058
1995 $660,195,402 $614,170,002,669
1994 $612,502,085 $530,183,651,720
1993 $615,779,519 $524,700,572,624
1992 $588,309,271 $630,465,353,486
1991 $668,470,891 $576,753,902,322
1990 $634,187,269 $536,175,326,477
1989 $554,072,303 $414,460,794,097
1988 $427,514,322 $375,891,716,898
1987 $451,893,375 $318,520,253,335
1986 $338,524,233 $251,141,555,186
1985 $373,959,151 $180,664,322,896
1984 $359,980,491 $171,979,977,230
1983 $425,225,177 $170,829,074,246
1982 $430,284,022 $195,856,752,991
1981 $402,230,865 $202,663,023,968
1980 $287,648,258 $232,600,556,974
1979 $308,143,183 $214,448,666,336
1978 $318,876,550 $160,484,969,618
1977 $298,871,675 $132,354,665,936
1976 $292,152,321 $118,422,534,195
1975 $283,311,997 $114,695,060,870
1974 $256,769,730 $97,204,522,642
1973 $232,331,281 $78,583,355,226
1972 $227,986,203 $59,090,176,029
1971 $204,167,297 $46,586,119,760
1970 $204,670,551 $40,963,715,237
1969 - $37,090,689,288
1968 - $32,394,326,464
1967 - $32,570,905,397
1966 - $29,559,436,183
1965 - $25,479,619,607
1964 - $21,966,876,027
1963 - $19,631,714,760
1962 - $16,609,632,791
1961 - $14,238,126,760
1960 - $12,424,514,014

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea-bissau/spain | CC BY

GDP per capita in Guinea-Bissau vs Spain by year

Guinea-Bissau
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Spain
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Guinea-Bissau Spain
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $1,124 - $38,627 -
2024 $998 $3,119 $35,327 $57,965
2023 $964 $2,990 $33,493 $55,682
2022 $882 $2,789 $30,319 $51,399
2021 $927 $2,523 $30,799 $44,252
2020 $847 $2,340 $27,234 $39,328
2019 $811 $2,247 $29,787 $44,043
2018 $809 $2,058 $30,602 $41,015
2017 $783 $2,082 $28,381 $39,825
2016 $680 $1,824 $26,756 $37,613
2015 $645 $1,730 $25,982 $35,229
2014 $652 $1,456 $29,708 $33,761
2013 $654 $1,416 $29,229 $32,614
2012 $635 $1,402 $28,456 $31,870
2011 $720 $1,472 $31,825 $32,016
2010 $600 $1,370 $30,659 $31,805
2009 $583 $1,315 $32,280 $32,218
2008 $640 $1,309 $35,603 $33,350
2007 $519 $1,260 $32,652 $32,536
2006 $449 $1,226 $28,422 $30,749
2005 $463 $1,187 $26,451 $27,630
2004 $431 $1,105 $24,925 $26,160
2003 $420 $1,089 $21,522 $25,057
2002 $362 $1,095 $17,111 $24,378
2001 $327 $1,064 $15,368 $22,952
2000 $317 $1,014 $14,743 $21,582
1999 $479 $1,001 $15,708 $19,938
1998 $498 $861 $15,382 $19,083
1997 $599 $1,118 $14,722 $17,903
1996 $615 $1,052 $16,101 $16,971
1995 $589 $945 $15,461 $16,276
1994 $561 $909 $13,406 $15,582
1993 $582 $890 $13,330 $14,973
1992 $574 $880 $16,101 $14,855
1991 $672 $877 $14,801 $14,461
1990 $651 $824 $13,795 $13,676
1989 $578 - $10,674 -
1988 $454 - $9,696 -
1987 $488 - $8,234 -
1986 $371 - $6,509 -
1985 $417 - $4,696 -
1984 $407 - $4,487 -
1983 $489 - $4,475 -
1982 $503 - $5,156 -
1981 $477 - $5,367 -
1980 $347 - $6,204 -
1979 $376 - $5,766 -
1978 $403 - $4,353 -
1977 $403 - $3,625 -
1976 $421 - $3,277 -
1975 $435 - $3,208 -
1974 $419 - $2,748 -
1973 $392 - $2,246 -
1972 $389 - $1,708 -
1971 $348 - $1,361 -
1970 $350 - $1,211 -
1969 - - $1,109 -
1968 - - $978 -
1967 - - $997 -
1966 - - $916 -
1965 - - $797 -
1964 - - $695 -
1963 - - $627 -
1962 - - $535 -
1961 - - $463 -
1960 - - $408 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea-bissau/spain | CC BY

Guinea-Bissau's GDP per capita is $1,124, ranking 177/197, compared to $38,627 in Spain, ranking 31/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Guinea-Bissau ranks 179th at $3,119, while Spain ranks 34th at $57,965.

Economic indicators

Guinea-Bissau Spain
Gross domestic product
$2.53B
2025
$1.91T
2025
GDP rank
176/197
2025
12/197
2025
GDP growth
5.82%
2024-2025
2.82%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$1,124
2025
$38,627
2025
GDP per capita rank
177/197
2025
31/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$3,119
2024
$57,965
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
179/197
2024
34/197
2024
Government debt
$1.9B
2025
$1.91T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
75.3%
2025
100.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$846
2025
$38,794
2025
Government debt per person rank
149/185
2025
20/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,483
2026
$24,910
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$1.3T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
1,077,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
34
2026
Income share by richest 10%
26.1%
2021
24.5%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.4%
2021
2.2%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
19.9%
2025
44.7%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.9%
2024-2025
2.7%
2024-2025
Unemployment rate
2.67%
2022
10.5%
2025
Population
2323460
49323658

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Guinea-Bissau
Spending

Debt
Spain
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Guinea-Bissau Spain
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 19.9% 75.3% 44.7% 100.4%
2024 20.4% 82.4% 45.5% 101.6%
2023 21.9% 79.4% 45.4% 105.1%
2022 21.3% 80.7% 46.3% 109.2%
2021 25% 78.8% 49.5% 115.6%
2020 25% 77.6% 51.4% 119.2%
2019 18.8% 65.1% 42% 97.6%
2018 19.5% 59.1% 41.5% 99.7%
2017 18.1% 51.8% 41% 101.1%
2016 20.5% 59.1% 42.1% 102%
2015 21.5% 56.3% 43.7% 102.4%
2014 23% 60.1% 45.1% 104.4%
2013 12.4% 49.6% 46.2% 100%
2012 13% 47.4% 49.2% 89.6%
2011 17.3% 45.6% 45.9% 69.5%
2010 18.5% 61.7% 45.8% 60.3%
2009 20.6% 148.3% 46.1% 53.1%
2008 21.8% 148.8% 41.3% 39.6%
2007 23.7% 164% 39.2% 35.7%
2006 19.8% 190.4% 38.4% 39%
2005 20.2% 203.7% 38.4% 42.4%
2004 23% 202% 38.8% 45.3%
2003 17% 183.4% 38.4% 47.7%
2002 14.1% 197.5% 38.6% 51.2%
2001 19.1% 204.4% 38.4% 54.1%
2000 23.5% 217.1% 39.1% 57.8%
1999 12.1% 109.9% 40% 60.9%
1998 8.72% 109.1% 41% 62.4%
1997 12.7% 94.3% 41.5% 64.3%
1996 8.93% 117.3% 42.9% 65.4%
1995 8.14% 103.3% 44.1% 61.6%
1994 18.4% 105.5% 44.8% 57%
1993 13.1% 112.4% 46.3% 54.6%
1992 10.1% 85.3% 43.9% 44.1%
1991 9.19% 88.9% 42.6% 41.9%
1990 - - 41.1% 41.3%
1989 - - 32.1% 39.2%
1988 - - 28.6% 38.2%
1987 - - 31.1% 42.1%
1986 - - 28.4% 36.5%
1985 - - 27.6% 31.5%
1984 - - 27% 18.3%
1983 - - 26% 13.4%
1982 - - 21.5% 12%
1981 - - 18.1% 10.9%
1980 - - 16.3% 10.2%
1979 - - 14.3% 9.88%
1978 - - 14.3% 9.93%
1977 - - 12.8% 8.75%
1976 - - 11.5% 8.21%
1975 - - 11.4% 11.9%
1974 - - 11.4% 13.6%
1973 - - 9.88% 16.3%
1972 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1971 - - 14% 17.9%
1970 - - 12.3% 19.2%
1969 - - 12.3% 18.8%
1968 - - 12.8% 18.3%
1967 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1966 - - 11.8% 17.7%
1965 - - 14% 18.1%
1964 - - 12.7% 19.5%
1963 - - 12.4% 21%
1962 - - 10.6% 24.4%
1961 - - 9.97% 26.7%
1960 - - 11% 29.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea-bissau/spain | CC BY

In 2025, Guinea-Bissau's government spending was $502M, accounting for 19.9% of its GDP, while Spain spent $852B, or 44.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 75.3% in Guinea-Bissau and 100.4% in Spain, ranking 49/185 and 25/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Guinea-Bissau

Spain
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Guinea-Bissau Spain
2025 -6.69% -2.5%
2024 -7.26% -3.22%
2023 -8.15% -3.34%
2022 -6.06% -4.59%
2021 -5.88% -6.66%
2020 -9.64% -10%
2019 -3.86% -3.04%
2018 -4.76% -2.58%
2017 -1.32% -3.1%
2016 -5.34% -4.26%
2015 -3.16% -5.26%
2014 -2.44% -6.07%
2013 -1.67% -7.49%
2012 -2.12% -11.5%
2011 -1.35% -9.69%
2010 -0.23% -9.49%
2009 2.68% -11.2%
2008 -0.73% -4.56%
2007 -8.77% 1.88%
2006 -4.57% 2.12%
2005 -4.96% 1.23%
2004 -5.92% -0.1%
2003 -5.63% -0.37%
2002 -3.7% -0.32%
2001 -1.83% -0.45%
2000 -2.8% -1.16%
1999 -4.06% -1.24%
1998 -5.95% -2.63%
1997 -2.56% -3.86%
1996 3.48% -5.87%
1995 2.45% -6.79%
1994 -5.54% -6.31%
1993 -0.34% -6.89%
1992 -0.25% -4.26%
1991 1.61% -4.58%
1990 - -3.9%
1989 - -3.24%
1988 - -2.95%
1987 - -3.52%
1986 - -5.18%
1985 - -6.04%
1984 - -5.25%
1983 - -4.77%
1982 - -5.76%
1981 - -2.88%
1980 - -2.55%
1979 - -1.51%
1978 - -1.63%
1977 - -0.24%
1976 - 0.43%
1975 - 0.26%
1974 - 0.11%
1973 - 1.09%
1972 - 0.24%
1971 - -0.96%
1970 - 0.09%
1969 - -0.06%
1968 - -0.55%
1967 - -0.32%
1966 - 0.07%
1965 - -0.04%
1964 - 0.18%
1963 - -0.54%
1962 - 1.27%
1961 - 1.9%
1960 - 0.69%
1959 - 0.54%
1958 - 0.23%
1957 - 1.13%
1956 - -0.05%
1955 - 0.6%
1954 - 0.7%
1953 - 1.02%
1952 - 0.81%
1951 - -0.24%
1950 - -0.44%
1949 - -0.35%
1948 - -1.21%
1947 - -1.09%
1946 - -2.24%
1945 - -4.56%
1944 - -5.44%
1943 - -7.73%
1942 - -2.48%
1941 - -4.34%
1940 - -3.54%
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -0.49%
1934 - -1.17%
1933 - -0.72%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.1%
1930 - 0.3%
1929 - -0.07%
1928 - -0.31%
1927 - -0.54%
1926 - -0.65%
1925 - -1.19%
1924 - -1.76%
1923 - -1.89%
1922 - -2.26%
1921 - -3.33%
1920 - -2.4%
1919 - -1.82%
1918 - -1.8%
1917 - -1.49%
1916 - -1.15%
1915 - -2.97%
1914 - -1.04%
1913 - -0.09%
1912 - -0.33%
1911 - 0.19%
1910 - 0.09%
1909 - -0.29%
1908 - 0.59%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.91%
1905 - 0.71%
1904 - 0.52%
1903 - 0.28%
1902 - 0.74%
1901 - 0.69%
1900 - 1.04%
1899 - 2.75%
1898 - 0.13%
1897 - -0.64%
1896 - 0.46%
1895 - 0.83%
1894 - -0.08%
1893 - 0.87%
1892 - -0.67%
1891 - -0.41%
1890 - -0.4%
1889 - -0.38%
1888 - -0.97%
1887 - -0.73%
1886 - -0.08%
1885 - -0.78%
1884 - -0.23%
1883 - -0.38%
1882 - 0.38%
1881 - 0.08%
1880 - -0.02%
1879 - -0.52%
1878 - -0.08%
1877 - 0.11%
1876 - 0.1%
1875 - -1.42%
1874 - -0.1%
1873 - 2.22%
1872 - -2.27%
1871 - -2.64%
1870 - -3.42%
1869 - -2.64%
1868 - -1.46%
1867 - -0.79%
1866 - -0.83%
1865 - -1.84%
1864 - -2.48%
1863 - -1.55%
1862 - -1.76%
1861 - -1.77%
1860 - -0.94%
1859 - 0.39%
1858 - -0.44%
1857 - -0.41%
1856 - -0.46%
1855 - -0.76%
1854 - -0.32%
1853 - -0.02%
1852 - -0.11%
1851 - -0.25%
1850 - 0.31%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea-bissau/spain | CC BY

In 2025, Guinea-Bissau's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $169M, equivalent to 6.69% of GDP. This compares to Spain's deficit of $47.6B, or 2.5% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Guinea-Bissau recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while Spain ran a deficit in 32 years. On average, Guinea-Bissau posted an annual deficit equal to 3.35% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.23% of GDP for Spain.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Guinea-Bissau

Spain
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Guinea-Bissau Spain
2025 0.9% 2.7%
2024 3.7% 2.75%
2023 7.2% 3.53%
2022 7.9% 8.39%
2021 3.3% 3.09%
2020 1.5% -0.32%
2019 0.3% 0.7%
2018 0.4% 1.67%
2017 -0.2% 1.96%
2016 2.7% -0.2%
2015 1.5% -0.5%
2014 -1% -0.15%
2013 0.8% 1.41%
2012 2.1% 2.45%
2011 5.1% 3.2%
2010 1.1% 1.8%
2009 -1.6% -0.29%
2008 10.4% 4.08%
2007 4.6% 2.79%
2006 2% 3.52%
2005 3.4% 3.37%
2004 0.8% 3.04%
2003 -3.5% 3.04%
2002 3.3% 3.07%
2001 3.3% 3.59%
2000 8.6% 3.43%
1999 -2.1% 2.31%
1998 8.1% 1.83%
1997 49.1% 1.97%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea-bissau/spain | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Guinea-Bissau has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.27%, compared with 2.35% in Spain. In 2025, inflation was 0.9% in Guinea-Bissau and 2.7% in Spain.

Top exports between countries

Guinea-Bissau
Export category Export value
Spain
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $4.7M
Machinery & equipment $2.87M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.7M
Metals $1.18M
Raw materials & minerals $1.16M
Chemicals & pharma $1.15M
Weapons & explosives $808K
Animal & marine products $356K
Raw agricultural goods $295K
Wood & paper products $247K

Balance of trade

Guinea-Bissau Spain
Current account balance
-$162M
2024
$56B
2025
Current account balance ranking
87/190
2024
12/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-7.36%
2024
+2.94%
2025
Goods imports
$414M
2024
$499B
2025
Goods exports
$229M
2024
$443B
2025
Service imports
$198M
2024
$127B
2025
Service exports
$51M
2024
$256B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
27%
2025
32.8%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
13.9%
2025
36.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Guinea-Bissau Spain
Economic freedom 43.2 66.8
Economic freedom ranking 181/197 59/197
Property rights 28.4 88
Government integrity 21 64.2
Judicial effectiveness 13.2 74.3
Tax burden 89 58.2
Government spending 86.5 37.3
Fiscal health 6.5 57.3
Business freedom 34.6 82.6
Labor freedom 55.9 61.7
Monetary freedom 75.9 78.2
Trade freedom 47 79.4
Investment freedom 30 60
Financial freedom 30 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Guinea-Bissau
Spain
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Guinea-Bissau Spain
2026 43.2 66.8
2025 43.6 66.3
2024 42.7 63.3
2023 44.6 65
2022 46 68.2
2021 54.9 69.9
2020 53.3 66.9
2019 54 65.7
2018 56.9 65.1
2017 56.1 63.6
2016 51.8 68.5
2015 52 67.6
2014 51.3 67.2
2013 51.1 68
2012 50.1 69.1
2011 46.5 70.2
2010 43.6 69.6
2009 45.4 70.1
2008 44.4 69.1
2007 46.1 69.2
2006 46.5 68.2
2005 46 67
2004 42.6 68.9
2003 43.1 68.8
2002 42.3 68.8
2001 42.5 68.1
2000 34.7 65.9
1999 33.5 65.1
1998 - 62.6
1997 - 59.6
1996 - 59.6
1995 - 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea-bissau/spain | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Guinea-Bissau is 43.2, ranking 181/197, compared to 66.8 for Spain, ranking 59/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Guinea-Bissau Spain
Services, % of GDP
39.1%
2025
68.4%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
15.7%
2025
19.6%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
40.6%
2025
2.68%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$2.45B
2025
$1.83T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$3,320
2025
$59,830
2025
Total reserves including gold n/a
$129B
2025
Total reserves ranking n/a
23/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$26.3M
2024
$18.3B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$26.7M
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$389K
2024
$71.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
1.77%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
50.5%
2021
20.2%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
25.8%
2025
21.4%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.