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Economy of Georgia vs Spain compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Georgia has a GDP of $38.1B compared to $1.91T for Spain, ranking 106/197 and 12/197 by economy size, respectively.

Georgia has $13.1B in government debt (34.3% of GDP), compared to $1.91T (100.4% of GDP) in Spain.

Georgia vs Spain GDP by year

Georgia
Spain
1x
Year GDP, current $
Georgia Spain
2025 $38,143,612,855 $1,906,453,309,986
2024 $34,189,423,333 $1,725,671,652,742
2023 $30,777,833,601 $1,619,481,980,720
2022 $24,984,568,960 $1,448,850,658,407
2021 $18,853,115,589 $1,461,244,901,853
2020 $16,010,869,216 $1,289,783,836,971
2019 $17,638,337,117 $1,403,496,387,686
2018 $17,902,544,881 $1,431,642,809,327
2017 $16,473,125,375 $1,321,754,088,819
2016 $15,444,548,902 $1,243,015,667,917
2015 $15,223,796,149 $1,206,164,777,553
2014 $17,966,015,109 $1,380,244,561,362
2013 $17,517,660,144 $1,362,186,923,158
2012 $16,894,392,033 $1,330,994,811,670
2011 $15,475,290,469 $1,487,568,659,241
2010 $12,426,907,967 $1,427,989,078,917
2009 $10,766,920,066 $1,496,587,590,848
2008 $12,795,145,131 $1,636,115,447,613
2007 $10,172,931,089 $1,476,746,276,855
2006 $7,745,250,734 $1,261,846,683,275
2005 $6,410,912,050 $1,154,667,551,776
2004 $5,125,365,192 $1,069,829,382,515
2003 $3,991,377,904 $907,963,217,058
2002 $3,395,766,678 $708,938,227,244
2001 $3,219,462,262 $627,798,682,379
2000 $3,057,475,335 $598,102,854,756
1999 $2,800,025,883 $634,394,904,387
1998 $3,613,497,317 $618,731,484,575
1997 $3,510,520,231 $589,739,772,727
1996 $3,094,936,177 $642,251,412,058
1995 $2,693,732,612 $614,170,002,669
1994 $2,513,867,645 $530,183,651,720
1993 $2,701,181,331 $524,700,572,624
1992 $3,690,328,964 $630,465,353,486
1991 $6,324,503,311 $576,753,902,322
1990 $7,735,927,264 $536,175,326,477
1989 $8,902,632,715 $414,460,794,097
1988 $8,833,588,173 $375,891,716,898
1987 $7,321,981,334 $318,520,253,335
1986 - $251,141,555,186
1985 - $180,664,322,896
1984 - $171,979,977,230
1983 - $170,829,074,246
1982 - $195,856,752,991
1981 - $202,663,023,968
1980 - $232,600,556,974
1979 - $214,448,666,336
1978 - $160,484,969,618
1977 - $132,354,665,936
1976 - $118,422,534,195
1975 - $114,695,060,870
1974 - $97,204,522,642
1973 - $78,583,355,226
1972 - $59,090,176,029
1971 - $46,586,119,760
1970 - $40,963,715,237
1969 - $37,090,689,288
1968 - $32,394,326,464
1967 - $32,570,905,397
1966 - $29,559,436,183
1965 - $25,479,619,607
1964 - $21,966,876,027
1963 - $19,631,714,760
1962 - $16,609,632,791
1961 - $14,238,126,760
1960 - $12,424,514,014

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/georgia/spain | CC BY

GDP per capita in Georgia vs Spain by year

Georgia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Spain
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Georgia Spain
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $9,692 - $38,627 -
2024 $8,968 $28,285 $35,327 $57,965
2023 $8,284 $25,072 $33,493 $55,682
2022 $6,730 $22,461 $30,319 $51,399
2021 $5,084 $18,916 $30,799 $44,252
2020 $4,301 $16,791 $27,234 $39,328
2019 $4,741 $16,770 $29,787 $44,043
2018 $4,804 $15,022 $30,602 $41,015
2017 $4,419 $13,719 $28,381 $39,825
2016 $4,143 $13,065 $26,756 $37,613
2015 $4,087 $12,270 $25,982 $35,229
2014 $4,830 $11,771 $29,708 $33,761
2013 $4,712 $10,797 $29,229 $32,614
2012 $4,531 $10,060 $28,456 $31,870
2011 $4,120 $8,564 $31,825 $32,016
2010 $3,282 $7,712 $30,659 $31,805
2009 $2,823 $7,119 $32,280 $32,218
2008 $3,325 $7,279 $35,603 $33,350
2007 $2,635 $6,951 $32,652 $32,536
2006 $1,996 $5,980 $28,422 $30,749
2005 $1,643 $5,272 $26,451 $27,630
2004 $1,305 $4,635 $24,925 $26,160
2003 $1,010 $4,240 $21,522 $25,057
2002 $854 $3,719 $17,111 $24,378
2001 $802 $3,441 $15,368 $22,952
2000 $750 $3,161 $14,743 $21,582
1999 $674 $2,977 $15,708 $19,938
1998 $852 $2,795 $15,382 $19,083
1997 $807 $2,616 $14,722 $17,903
1996 $689 $2,253 $16,101 $16,971
1995 $578 $1,919 $15,461 $16,276
1994 $520 $1,764 $13,406 $15,582
1993 $550 $1,898 $13,330 $14,973
1992 $757 $2,643 $16,101 $14,855
1991 $1,308 $4,727 $14,801 $14,461
1990 $1,611 $5,836 $13,795 $13,676
1989 $1,853 - $10,674 -
1988 $1,844 - $9,696 -
1987 $1,544 - $8,234 -
1986 - - $6,509 -
1985 - - $4,696 -
1984 - - $4,487 -
1983 - - $4,475 -
1982 - - $5,156 -
1981 - - $5,367 -
1980 - - $6,204 -
1979 - - $5,766 -
1978 - - $4,353 -
1977 - - $3,625 -
1976 - - $3,277 -
1975 - - $3,208 -
1974 - - $2,748 -
1973 - - $2,246 -
1972 - - $1,708 -
1971 - - $1,361 -
1970 - - $1,211 -
1969 - - $1,109 -
1968 - - $978 -
1967 - - $997 -
1966 - - $916 -
1965 - - $797 -
1964 - - $695 -
1963 - - $627 -
1962 - - $535 -
1961 - - $463 -
1960 - - $408 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/georgia/spain | CC BY

Georgia's GDP per capita is $9,692, ranking 89/197, compared to $38,627 in Spain, ranking 31/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Georgia ranks 74th at $28,285, while Spain ranks 34th at $57,965.

Economic indicators

Georgia Spain
Gross domestic product
$38.1B
2025
$1.91T
2025
GDP rank
106/197
2025
12/197
2025
GDP growth
7.46%
2024-2025
2.82%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$9,692
2025
$38,627
2025
GDP per capita rank
89/197
2025
31/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$28,285
2024
$57,965
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
74/197
2024
34/197
2024
Government debt
$13.1B
2025
$1.91T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
34.3%
2025
100.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$3,323
2025
$38,794
2025
Government debt per person rank
99/185
2025
20/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$7,158
2026
$24,910
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$1.3T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
1,077,000
2026
Number of billionaires
2
2026
34
2026
Income share by richest 10%
26.2%
2024
24.5%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.9%
2024
2.2%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
28.4%
2025
44.7%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.87%
2024-2025
2.7%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
8.25%
2026
n/a
Unemployment rate
8.01%
2024
10.5%
2025
Population
3934050
49323658

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Georgia
Spending

Debt
Spain
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Georgia Spain
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 28.4% 34.3% 44.7% 100.4%
2024 29.9% 35.7% 45.5% 101.6%
2023 29.7% 38.9% 45.4% 105.1%
2022 28.5% 39.2% 46.3% 109.2%
2021 31.2% 49.1% 49.5% 115.6%
2020 34.1% 59.6% 51.4% 119.2%
2019 28.7% 40% 42% 97.6%
2018 26.7% 38.2% 41.5% 99.7%
2017 27.2% 38.9% 41% 101.1%
2016 27.8% 39.5% 42.1% 102%
2015 27% 36% 43.7% 102.4%
2014 27.5% 30.3% 45.1% 104.4%
2013 26.6% 28.9% 46.2% 100%
2012 27.7% 28.1% 49.2% 89.6%
2011 27.1% 27.7% 45.9% 69.5%
2010 31% 31.4% 45.8% 60.3%
2009 34.8% 33.6% 46.1% 53.1%
2008 31.8% 26.3% 41.3% 39.6%
2007 27.7% 22.5% 39.2% 35.7%
2006 22.7% 28.3% 38.4% 39%
2005 21.6% 35.3% 38.4% 42.4%
2004 18.9% 44.3% 38.8% 45.3%
2003 16.1% 54.6% 38.4% 47.7%
2002 16% 50.3% 38.6% 51.2%
2001 16.8% 53% 38.4% 54.1%
2000 16.9% 58.5% 39.1% 57.8%
1999 19.7% 76.5% 40% 60.9%
1998 18.7% 80% 41% 62.4%
1997 21.4% 48.2% 41.5% 64.3%
1996 18.4% 38.9% 42.9% 65.4%
1995 15.7% 19.8% 44.1% 61.6%
1994 - - 44.8% 57%
1993 - - 46.3% 54.6%
1992 - - 43.9% 44.1%
1991 - - 42.6% 41.9%
1990 - - 41.1% 41.3%
1989 - - 32.1% 39.2%
1988 - - 28.6% 38.2%
1987 - - 31.1% 42.1%
1986 - - 28.4% 36.5%
1985 - - 27.6% 31.5%
1984 - - 27% 18.3%
1983 - - 26% 13.4%
1982 - - 21.5% 12%
1981 - - 18.1% 10.9%
1980 - - 16.3% 10.2%
1979 - - 14.3% 9.88%
1978 - - 14.3% 9.93%
1977 - - 12.8% 8.75%
1976 - - 11.5% 8.21%
1975 - - 11.4% 11.9%
1974 - - 11.4% 13.6%
1973 - - 9.88% 16.3%
1972 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1971 - - 14% 17.9%
1970 - - 12.3% 19.2%
1969 - - 12.3% 18.8%
1968 - - 12.8% 18.3%
1967 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1966 - - 11.8% 17.7%
1965 - - 14% 18.1%
1964 - - 12.7% 19.5%
1963 - - 12.4% 21%
1962 - - 10.6% 24.4%
1961 - - 9.97% 26.7%
1960 - - 11% 29.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/georgia/spain | CC BY

In 2025, Georgia's government spending was $10.8B, accounting for 28.4% of its GDP, while Spain spent $852B, or 44.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 34.3% in Georgia and 100.4% in Spain, ranking 147/185 and 25/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Georgia

Spain
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Georgia Spain
2025 -1.46% -2.5%
2024 -2.27% -3.22%
2023 -2.33% -3.34%
2022 -2.2% -4.59%
2021 -5.97% -6.66%
2020 -9.16% -10%
2019 -1.82% -3.04%
2018 -0.8% -2.58%
2017 -0.45% -3.1%
2016 -1.49% -4.26%
2015 -1.16% -5.26%
2014 -1.78% -6.07%
2013 -1.25% -7.49%
2012 -0.71% -11.5%
2011 -0.81% -9.69%
2010 -4.48% -9.49%
2009 -6.36% -11.2%
2008 -1.92% -4.56%
2007 0.81% 1.88%
2006 3.28% 2.12%
2005 2.14% 1.23%
2004 3.59% -0.1%
2003 -0.55% -0.37%
2002 -0.19% -0.32%
2001 -0.71% -0.45%
2000 -1.92% -1.16%
1999 -4.7% -1.24%
1998 -3.96% -2.63%
1997 -6.63% -3.86%
1996 -5.91% -5.87%
1995 -4.89% -6.79%
1994 - -6.31%
1993 - -6.89%
1992 - -4.26%
1991 - -4.58%
1990 - -3.9%
1989 - -3.24%
1988 - -2.95%
1987 - -3.52%
1986 - -5.18%
1985 - -6.04%
1984 - -5.25%
1983 - -4.77%
1982 - -5.76%
1981 - -2.88%
1980 - -2.55%
1979 - -1.51%
1978 - -1.63%
1977 - -0.24%
1976 - 0.43%
1975 - 0.26%
1974 - 0.11%
1973 - 1.09%
1972 - 0.24%
1971 - -0.96%
1970 - 0.09%
1969 - -0.06%
1968 - -0.55%
1967 - -0.32%
1966 - 0.07%
1965 - -0.04%
1964 - 0.18%
1963 - -0.54%
1962 - 1.27%
1961 - 1.9%
1960 - 0.69%
1959 - 0.54%
1958 - 0.23%
1957 - 1.13%
1956 - -0.05%
1955 - 0.6%
1954 - 0.7%
1953 - 1.02%
1952 - 0.81%
1951 - -0.24%
1950 - -0.44%
1949 - -0.35%
1948 - -1.21%
1947 - -1.09%
1946 - -2.24%
1945 - -4.56%
1944 - -5.44%
1943 - -7.73%
1942 - -2.48%
1941 - -4.34%
1940 - -3.54%
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -0.49%
1934 - -1.17%
1933 - -0.72%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.1%
1930 - 0.3%
1929 - -0.07%
1928 - -0.31%
1927 - -0.54%
1926 - -0.65%
1925 - -1.19%
1924 - -1.76%
1923 - -1.89%
1922 - -2.26%
1921 - -3.33%
1920 - -2.4%
1919 - -1.82%
1918 - -1.8%
1917 - -1.49%
1916 - -1.15%
1915 - -2.97%
1914 - -1.04%
1913 - -0.09%
1912 - -0.33%
1911 - 0.19%
1910 - 0.09%
1909 - -0.29%
1908 - 0.59%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.91%
1905 - 0.71%
1904 - 0.52%
1903 - 0.28%
1902 - 0.74%
1901 - 0.69%
1900 - 1.04%
1899 - 2.75%
1898 - 0.13%
1897 - -0.64%
1896 - 0.46%
1895 - 0.83%
1894 - -0.08%
1893 - 0.87%
1892 - -0.67%
1891 - -0.41%
1890 - -0.4%
1889 - -0.38%
1888 - -0.97%
1887 - -0.73%
1886 - -0.08%
1885 - -0.78%
1884 - -0.23%
1883 - -0.38%
1882 - 0.38%
1881 - 0.08%
1880 - -0.02%
1879 - -0.52%
1878 - -0.08%
1877 - 0.11%
1876 - 0.1%
1875 - -1.42%
1874 - -0.1%
1873 - 2.22%
1872 - -2.27%
1871 - -2.64%
1870 - -3.42%
1869 - -2.64%
1868 - -1.46%
1867 - -0.79%
1866 - -0.83%
1865 - -1.84%
1864 - -2.48%
1863 - -1.55%
1862 - -1.76%
1861 - -1.77%
1860 - -0.94%
1859 - 0.39%
1858 - -0.44%
1857 - -0.41%
1856 - -0.46%
1855 - -0.76%
1854 - -0.32%
1853 - -0.02%
1852 - -0.11%
1851 - -0.25%
1850 - 0.31%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/georgia/spain | CC BY

In 2025, Georgia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $555M, equivalent to 1.46% of GDP. This compares to Spain's deficit of $47.6B, or 2.5% of GDP.

Over the past 31 years, Georgia recorded a fiscal deficit in 27 of those years, while Spain ran a deficit in 28 years. On average, Georgia posted an annual deficit equal to 2.13% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.07% of GDP for Spain.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Georgia

Spain
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Georgia Spain
2025 3.87% 2.7%
2024 1.11% 2.75%
2023 2.49% 3.53%
2022 11.9% 8.39%
2021 9.57% 3.09%
2020 5.2% -0.32%
2019 4.85% 0.7%
2018 2.62% 1.67%
2017 6.04% 1.96%
2016 2.13% -0.2%
2015 4% -0.5%
2014 3.07% -0.15%
2013 -0.51% 1.41%
2012 -0.94% 2.45%
2011 8.54% 3.2%
2010 7.11% 1.8%
2009 1.73% -0.29%
2008 10% 4.08%
2007 9.24% 2.79%
2006 9.16% 3.52%
2005 8.25% 3.37%
2004 5.66% 3.04%
2003 0.84% 3.04%
2002 5.59% 3.07%
2001 4.65% 3.59%
2000 4.06% 3.43%
1999 19.2% 2.31%
1998 3.57% 1.83%
1997 7.09% 1.97%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/georgia/spain | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Georgia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 5.52%, compared with 2.35% in Spain. In 2025, inflation was 3.87% in Georgia and 2.7% in Spain.

Top exports between countries

Georgia
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $70.1M
Raw agricultural goods $25.7M
Metals $17.9M
Transport & tourism services $15.2M
Business & finance services $3.24M
Machinery & equipment $1.7M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.32M
Wood & paper products $505K
Textiles & consumer goods $383K
Chemicals & pharma $225K
Spain
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $36.9M
Machinery & equipment $35M
Chemicals & pharma $30M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $26.9M
Metals $12.3M
Raw materials & minerals $7.36M
Raw agricultural goods $6.38M
Animal & marine products $6.1M
Wood & paper products $4.38M
Miscellaneous $1.64M

Balance of trade

Georgia Spain
Current account balance
-$1.01B
2025
$56B
2025
Current account balance ranking
116/190
2025
12/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.65%
2025
+2.94%
2025
Goods imports
$16.5B
2025
$499B
2025
Goods exports
$9.63B
2025
$443B
2025
Service imports
$3.85B
2025
$127B
2025
Service exports
$8.49B
2025
$256B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.2%
2025
32.8%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
47.4%
2025
36.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Georgia Spain
Economic freedom 69.6 66.8
Economic freedom ranking 41/197 59/197
Property rights 53 88
Government integrity 59.9 64.2
Judicial effectiveness 53.8 74.3
Tax burden 87.8 58.2
Government spending 73.9 37.3
Fiscal health 89.1 57.3
Business freedom 76.6 82.6
Labor freedom 64 61.7
Monetary freedom 70.2 78.2
Trade freedom 86.8 79.4
Investment freedom 60 60
Financial freedom 60 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Georgia
Spain
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Georgia Spain
2026 69.6 66.8
2025 69 66.3
2024 68.4 63.3
2023 68.7 65
2022 71.8 68.2
2021 77.2 69.9
2020 77.1 66.9
2019 75.9 65.7
2018 76.2 65.1
2017 76 63.6
2016 72.6 68.5
2015 73 67.6
2014 72.6 67.2
2013 72.2 68
2012 69.4 69.1
2011 70.4 70.2
2010 70.4 69.6
2009 69.8 70.1
2008 69.2 69.1
2007 69.3 69.2
2006 64.5 68.2
2005 57.1 67
2004 58.9 68.9
2003 58.6 68.8
2002 56.7 68.8
2001 58.3 68.1
2000 54.3 65.9
1999 52.5 65.1
1998 47.9 62.6
1997 46.5 59.6
1996 44.1 59.6
1995 - 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/georgia/spain | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Georgia is 69.6, ranking 41/197, compared to 66.8 for Spain, ranking 59/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Georgia Spain
Services, % of GDP
63.9%
2025
68.4%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
18.6%
2025
19.6%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.18%
2025
2.68%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$35.4B
2025
$1.83T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$27,570
2025
$59,830
2025
Total reserves including gold
$6.16B
2025
$129B
2025
Total reserves ranking
94/177
2025
23/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.39B
2025
$18.3B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.6B
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$462M
2024
$71.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
15.2%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.4%
2024
20.2%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.3%
2025
21.4%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.