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Economy of Lebanon vs Spain compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Lebanon has a GDP of $26B compared to $1.91T for Spain, ranking 121/197 and 12/197 by economy size, respectively.

Lebanon has $41B in government debt (139.4% of GDP), compared to $1.91T (100.4% of GDP) in Spain.

Lebanon vs Spain GDP by year

Lebanon
Spain
1x
Year GDP, current $
Lebanon Spain
2025 - $1,906,453,309,986
2024 $25,971,643,441 $1,725,671,652,742
2023 $20,078,620,357 $1,619,481,980,720
2022 $20,992,421,949 $1,448,850,658,407
2021 $23,131,941,557 $1,461,244,901,853
2020 $31,712,128,254 $1,289,783,836,971
2019 $51,605,959,131 $1,403,496,387,686
2018 $54,901,519,156 $1,431,642,809,327
2017 $53,027,680,686 $1,321,754,088,819
2016 $51,147,308,774 $1,243,015,667,917
2015 $49,929,337,837 $1,206,164,777,553
2014 $48,095,213,747 $1,380,244,561,362
2013 $46,880,103,081 $1,362,186,923,158
2012 $44,016,799,516 $1,330,994,811,670
2011 $39,927,125,962 $1,487,568,659,241
2010 $38,443,907,042 $1,427,989,078,917
2009 $35,399,582,929 $1,496,587,590,848
2008 $29,118,916,105 $1,636,115,447,613
2007 $24,827,355,015 $1,476,746,276,855
2006 $22,022,709,851 $1,261,846,683,275
2005 $21,497,336,499 $1,154,667,551,776
2004 $21,159,827,992 $1,069,829,382,515
2003 $20,082,918,740 $907,963,217,058
2002 $19,152,238,806 $708,938,227,244
2001 $17,649,751,244 $627,798,682,379
2000 $17,260,364,842 $598,102,854,756
1999 $17,391,056,369 $634,394,904,387
1998 $17,247,179,006 $618,731,484,575
1997 $15,751,867,489 $589,739,772,727
1996 $13,690,217,334 $642,251,412,058
1995 $11,718,795,529 $614,170,002,669
1994 $9,599,127,050 $530,183,651,720
1993 $7,941,744,492 $524,700,572,624
1992 $5,843,579,161 $630,465,353,486
1991 $4,690,415,093 $576,753,902,322
1990 $2,838,485,354 $536,175,326,477
1989 $2,717,998,688 $414,460,794,097
1988 $3,313,540,068 $375,891,716,898
1987 - $318,520,253,335
1986 - $251,141,555,186
1985 - $180,664,322,896
1984 - $171,979,977,230
1983 - $170,829,074,246
1982 - $195,856,752,991
1981 - $202,663,023,968
1980 - $232,600,556,974
1979 - $214,448,666,336
1978 - $160,484,969,618
1977 - $132,354,665,936
1976 - $118,422,534,195
1975 - $114,695,060,870
1974 - $97,204,522,642
1973 - $78,583,355,226
1972 - $59,090,176,029
1971 - $46,586,119,760
1970 - $40,963,715,237
1969 - $37,090,689,288
1968 - $32,394,326,464
1967 - $32,570,905,397
1966 - $29,559,436,183
1965 - $25,479,619,607
1964 - $21,966,876,027
1963 - $19,631,714,760
1962 - $16,609,632,791
1961 - $14,238,126,760
1960 - $12,424,514,014

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/lebanon/spain | CC BY

GDP per capita in Lebanon vs Spain by year

Lebanon
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Spain
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Lebanon Spain
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 - - $38,627 -
2024 $4,473 - $35,327 $57,965
2023 $3,478 $12,575 $33,493 $55,682
2022 $3,654 $12,293 $30,319 $51,399
2021 $4,045 $11,600 $30,799 $44,252
2020 $5,561 $16,260 $27,234 $39,328
2019 $8,906 $21,710 $29,787 $44,043
2018 $9,175 $21,985 $30,602 $41,015
2017 $8,608 $20,964 $28,381 $39,825
2016 $8,089 $18,941 $26,756 $37,613
2015 $7,714 $17,046 $25,982 $35,229
2014 $7,578 $16,140 $29,708 $33,761
2013 $8,162 $16,316 $29,229 $32,614
2012 $8,407 $16,121 $28,456 $31,870
2011 $7,835 $14,975 $31,825 $32,016
2010 $7,626 $14,704 $30,659 $31,805
2009 $7,091 $13,586 $32,280 $32,218
2008 $5,912 $12,416 $35,603 $33,350
2007 $5,125 $11,356 $32,652 $32,536
2006 $4,635 $10,312 $28,422 $30,749
2005 $4,602 $10,020 $26,451 $27,630
2004 $4,601 $9,609 $24,925 $26,160
2003 $4,438 $8,914 $21,522 $25,057
2002 $4,291 $8,586 $17,111 $24,378
2001 $4,010 $8,289 $15,368 $22,952
2000 $3,987 $7,938 $14,743 $21,582
1999 $4,087 $7,793 $15,708 $19,938
1998 $4,125 $7,861 $15,382 $19,083
1997 $3,834 $7,632 $14,722 $17,903
1996 $3,393 $7,560 $16,101 $16,971
1995 $2,959 $6,796 $15,461 $16,276
1994 $2,468 $6,367 $13,406 $15,582
1993 $2,079 $5,871 $13,330 $14,973
1992 $1,559 $5,279 $16,101 $14,855
1991 $1,278 $4,527 $14,801 $14,461
1990 $790 $2,990 $13,795 $13,676
1989 $771 - $10,674 -
1988 $959 - $9,696 -
1987 - - $8,234 -
1986 - - $6,509 -
1985 - - $4,696 -
1984 - - $4,487 -
1983 - - $4,475 -
1982 - - $5,156 -
1981 - - $5,367 -
1980 - - $6,204 -
1979 - - $5,766 -
1978 - - $4,353 -
1977 - - $3,625 -
1976 - - $3,277 -
1975 - - $3,208 -
1974 - - $2,748 -
1973 - - $2,246 -
1972 - - $1,708 -
1971 - - $1,361 -
1970 - - $1,211 -
1969 - - $1,109 -
1968 - - $978 -
1967 - - $997 -
1966 - - $916 -
1965 - - $797 -
1964 - - $695 -
1963 - - $627 -
1962 - - $535 -
1961 - - $463 -
1960 - - $408 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/lebanon/spain | CC BY

Lebanon's GDP per capita is $4,473, ranking 129/197, compared to $38,627 in Spain, ranking 31/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Lebanon ranks 123rd at $12,575, while Spain ranks 34th at $57,965.

Economic indicators

Lebanon Spain
Gross domestic product
$26B
2024
$1.91T
2025
GDP rank
121/197
2024
12/197
2025
GDP growth
-7.08%
2023-2024
2.82%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$4,473
2024
$38,627
2025
GDP per capita rank
129/197
2024
31/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$12,575
2023
$57,965
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
123/197
2023
34/197
2024
Government debt
$41B
2024
$1.91T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
139.4%
2025
100.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$7,061
2024
$38,794
2025
Government debt per person rank
71/185
2024
20/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$3,055
2026
$24,910
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$10.6B
2021
$1.3T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
1,077,000
2026
Number of billionaires
6
2026
34
2026
Income share by richest 10%
25.6%
2022
24.5%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2022
2.2%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
15.5%
2025
44.7%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
14.6%
2024-2025
2.7%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
20%
2023
n/a
Unemployment rate
11.3%
2019
10.5%
2025
Population
5921719
49323658

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Lebanon
Spending

Debt
Spain
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Lebanon Spain
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 15.5% 139.4% 44.7% 100.4%
2024 15.3% 157.9% 45.5% 101.6%
2023 14.3% 185.8% 45.4% 105.1%
2022 12.9% 235.9% 46.3% 109.2%
2021 10.5% 346% 49.5% 115.6%
2020 24.5% 157.2% 51.4% 119.2%
2019 31.3% 171.9% 42% 97.6%
2018 32.1% 154% 41.5% 99.7%
2017 30.7% 150.4% 41% 101.1%
2016 28.6% 147.9% 42.1% 102%
2015 26.7% 140.9% 43.7% 102.4%
2014 28.9% 138.5% 45.1% 104.4%
2013 28.9% 135.4% 46.2% 100%
2012 30.2% 131.1% 49.2% 89.6%
2011 28.8% 134.4% 45.9% 69.5%
2010 29.2% 136.8% 45.8% 60.3%
2009 32.1% 144.5% 46.1% 53.1%
2008 34.3% 161.5% 41.3% 39.6%
2007 35.2% 169.3% 39.2% 35.7%
2006 36.1% 183.3% 38.4% 39%
2005 31.4% 178.9% 38.4% 42.4%
2004 33.3% 169.5% 38.8% 45.3%
2003 36.4% 171.3% 38.4% 47.7%
2002 36.8% 163.1% 38.6% 51.2%
2001 38.9% 163.1% 38.4% 54.1%
2000 42.8% 148.1% 39.1% 57.8%
1999 35.6% 130.2% 40% 60.9%
1998 34.7% 108.2% 41% 62.4%
1997 40.5% 100.2% 41.5% 64.3%
1996 43.6% 101.2% 42.9% 65.4%
1995 31.1% 79.6% 44.1% 61.6%
1994 47.3% 71.5% 44.8% 57%
1993 23% 50.5% 46.3% 54.6%
1992 36.1% 51.7% 43.9% 44.1%
1991 35.6% 67.1% 42.6% 41.9%
1990 40% 99.7% 41.1% 41.3%
1989 - - 32.1% 39.2%
1988 - - 28.6% 38.2%
1987 - - 31.1% 42.1%
1986 - - 28.4% 36.5%
1985 - - 27.6% 31.5%
1984 - - 27% 18.3%
1983 - - 26% 13.4%
1982 - - 21.5% 12%
1981 - - 18.1% 10.9%
1980 - - 16.3% 10.2%
1979 - - 14.3% 9.88%
1978 - - 14.3% 9.93%
1977 - - 12.8% 8.75%
1976 - - 11.5% 8.21%
1975 - - 11.4% 11.9%
1974 - - 11.4% 13.6%
1973 - - 9.88% 16.3%
1972 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1971 - - 14% 17.9%
1970 - - 12.3% 19.2%
1969 - - 12.3% 18.8%
1968 - - 12.8% 18.3%
1967 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1966 - - 11.8% 17.7%
1965 - - 14% 18.1%
1964 - - 12.7% 19.5%
1963 - - 12.4% 21%
1962 - - 10.6% 24.4%
1961 - - 9.97% 26.7%
1960 - - 11% 29.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/lebanon/spain | CC BY

In 2025, Lebanon's government spending was $3.98B, accounting for 15.5% of its GDP, while Spain spent $852B, or 44.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 139.4% in Lebanon and 100.4% in Spain, ranking 8/185 and 25/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Lebanon

Spain
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Lebanon Spain
2025 3.25% -2.5%
2024 0.39% -3.22%
2023 -1.64% -3.34%
2022 -7.49% -4.59%
2021 -2.57% -6.66%
2020 -7.79% -10%
2019 -10.5% -3.04%
2018 -11.2% -2.58%
2017 -8.68% -3.1%
2016 -8.98% -4.26%
2015 -7.49% -5.26%
2014 -6.22% -6.07%
2013 -8.83% -7.49%
2012 -8.43% -11.5%
2011 -5.94% -9.69%
2010 -7.47% -9.49%
2009 -8.1% -11.2%
2008 -9.86% -4.56%
2007 -10.9% 1.88%
2006 -10.6% 2.12%
2005 -8.57% 1.23%
2004 -9.83% -0.1%
2003 -14% -0.37%
2002 -16.2% -0.32%
2001 -21% -0.45%
2000 -23.9% -1.16%
1999 -16.7% -1.24%
1998 -17.3% -2.63%
1997 -24.5% -3.86%
1996 -25.7% -5.87%
1995 -13.6% -6.79%
1994 -29.1% -6.31%
1993 -7.19% -6.89%
1992 -24% -4.26%
1991 -19.5% -4.58%
1990 -30.2% -3.9%
1989 - -3.24%
1988 - -2.95%
1987 - -3.52%
1986 - -5.18%
1985 - -6.04%
1984 - -5.25%
1983 - -4.77%
1982 - -5.76%
1981 - -2.88%
1980 - -2.55%
1979 - -1.51%
1978 - -1.63%
1977 - -0.24%
1976 - 0.43%
1975 - 0.26%
1974 - 0.11%
1973 - 1.09%
1972 - 0.24%
1971 - -0.96%
1970 - 0.09%
1969 - -0.06%
1968 - -0.55%
1967 - -0.32%
1966 - 0.07%
1965 - -0.04%
1964 - 0.18%
1963 - -0.54%
1962 - 1.27%
1961 - 1.9%
1960 - 0.69%
1959 - 0.54%
1958 - 0.23%
1957 - 1.13%
1956 - -0.05%
1955 - 0.6%
1954 - 0.7%
1953 - 1.02%
1952 - 0.81%
1951 - -0.24%
1950 - -0.44%
1949 - -0.35%
1948 - -1.21%
1947 - -1.09%
1946 - -2.24%
1945 - -4.56%
1944 - -5.44%
1943 - -7.73%
1942 - -2.48%
1941 - -4.34%
1940 - -3.54%
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -0.49%
1934 - -1.17%
1933 - -0.72%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.1%
1930 - 0.3%
1929 - -0.07%
1928 - -0.31%
1927 - -0.54%
1926 - -0.65%
1925 - -1.19%
1924 - -1.76%
1923 - -1.89%
1922 - -2.26%
1921 - -3.33%
1920 - -2.4%
1919 - -1.82%
1918 - -1.8%
1917 - -1.49%
1916 - -1.15%
1915 - -2.97%
1914 - -1.04%
1913 - -0.09%
1912 - -0.33%
1911 - 0.19%
1910 - 0.09%
1909 - -0.29%
1908 - 0.59%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.91%
1905 - 0.71%
1904 - 0.52%
1903 - 0.28%
1902 - 0.74%
1901 - 0.69%
1900 - 1.04%
1899 - 2.75%
1898 - 0.13%
1897 - -0.64%
1896 - 0.46%
1895 - 0.83%
1894 - -0.08%
1893 - 0.87%
1892 - -0.67%
1891 - -0.41%
1890 - -0.4%
1889 - -0.38%
1888 - -0.97%
1887 - -0.73%
1886 - -0.08%
1885 - -0.78%
1884 - -0.23%
1883 - -0.38%
1882 - 0.38%
1881 - 0.08%
1880 - -0.02%
1879 - -0.52%
1878 - -0.08%
1877 - 0.11%
1876 - 0.1%
1875 - -1.42%
1874 - -0.1%
1873 - 2.22%
1872 - -2.27%
1871 - -2.64%
1870 - -3.42%
1869 - -2.64%
1868 - -1.46%
1867 - -0.79%
1866 - -0.83%
1865 - -1.84%
1864 - -2.48%
1863 - -1.55%
1862 - -1.76%
1861 - -1.77%
1860 - -0.94%
1859 - 0.39%
1858 - -0.44%
1857 - -0.41%
1856 - -0.46%
1855 - -0.76%
1854 - -0.32%
1853 - -0.02%
1852 - -0.11%
1851 - -0.25%
1850 - 0.31%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/lebanon/spain | CC BY

In 2024, Lebanon's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $102M, equivalent to 0.39% of GDP. This compares to Spain's deficit of $55.5B, or 3.22% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Lebanon recorded a fiscal deficit in 34 of those years, while Spain ran a deficit in 32 years. On average, Lebanon posted an annual deficit equal to 12.7% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.27% of GDP for Spain.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Lebanon

Spain
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Lebanon Spain
2025 14.6% 2.7%
2024 45.2% 2.75%
2023 221.3% 3.53%
2022 171.2% 8.39%
2021 154.8% 3.09%
2020 84.9% -0.32%
2019 2.9% 0.7%
2018 6.1% 1.67%
2017 4.4% 1.96%
2016 -0.8% -0.2%
2015 -3.7% -0.5%
2014 1.9% -0.15%
2013 4.8% 1.41%
2012 6.6% 2.45%
2011 5% 3.2%
2010 4% 1.8%
2009 1.2% -0.29%
2008 10.7% 4.08%
2007 4.1% 2.79%
2006 4.1% 3.52%
2005 -1.4% 3.37%
2004 1.7% 3.04%
2003 1.3% 3.04%
2002 1.8% 3.07%
2001 -0.4% 3.59%
2000 -0.4% 3.43%
1999 0.2% 2.31%
1998 4.5% 1.83%
1997 7.7% 1.97%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/lebanon/spain | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Lebanon has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 26.1%, compared with 2.35% in Spain. In 2025, inflation was 14.6% in Lebanon and 2.7% in Spain.

Top exports between countries

Lebanon
Export category Export value
Metals $36.9M
Machinery & equipment $20.3M
Raw materials & minerals $9.08M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $7.85M
Chemicals & pharma $4.1M
Miscellaneous $3.86M
Textiles & consumer goods $858K
Raw agricultural goods $722K
Animal & marine products $111K
Wood & paper products $92K
Spain
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $86.6M
Chemicals & pharma $67.5M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $60.9M
Machinery & equipment $40.9M
Animal & marine products $36.4M
Raw materials & minerals $19.5M
Wood & paper products $14.5M
Raw agricultural goods $14.2M
Metals $9.87M
Miscellaneous $5.18M

Balance of trade

Lebanon Spain
Current account balance
-$5.64B
2023
$56B
2025
Current account balance ranking
166/190
2023
12/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-28.1%
2023
+2.94%
2025
Goods imports
$16.7B
2023
$499B
2025
Goods exports
$3.85B
2023
$443B
2025
Service imports
$6.63B
2023
$127B
2025
Service exports
$7.92B
2023
$256B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
58.9%
2024
32.8%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
23.3%
2024
36.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Lebanon Spain
Economic freedom 43.1 66.8
Economic freedom ranking 183/197 59/197
Property rights 21.8 88
Government integrity 23.4 64.2
Judicial effectiveness 23.8 74.3
Tax burden 90.3 58.2
Government spending 93.3 37.3
Fiscal health 63.4 57.3
Business freedom 47.6 82.6
Labor freedom 48.4 61.7
Monetary freedom 0 78.2
Trade freedom 65.6 79.4
Investment freedom 20 60
Financial freedom 20 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Lebanon
Spain
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Lebanon Spain
2026 43.1 66.8
2025 44.1 66.3
2024 48.3 63.3
2023 45.6 65
2022 47.3 68.2
2021 51.4 69.9
2020 51.7 66.9
2019 51.1 65.7
2018 53.2 65.1
2017 53.3 63.6
2016 59.5 68.5
2015 59.3 67.6
2014 59.4 67.2
2013 59.5 68
2012 60.1 69.1
2011 60.1 70.2
2010 59.5 69.6
2009 58.1 70.1
2008 60 69.1
2007 60.4 69.2
2006 57.5 68.2
2005 57.2 67
2004 56.9 68.9
2003 56.7 68.8
2002 57.1 68.8
2001 61 68.1
2000 56.1 65.9
1999 59.1 65.1
1998 59 62.6
1997 63.9 59.6
1996 63.2 59.6
1995 - 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/lebanon/spain | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Lebanon is 43.1, ranking 183/197, compared to 66.8 for Spain, ranking 59/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Lebanon Spain
Services, % of GDP
35.7%
2024
68.4%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
2.63%
2024
19.6%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.05%
2024
2.68%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$20.7B
2024
$1.83T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$11,790
2024
$59,830
2025
Total reserves including gold
$33.3B
2024
$129B
2025
Total reserves ranking
56/177
2024
23/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$583M
2023
$18.3B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.84B
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$391M
2024
$71.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
9.68%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
27.4%
2012
20.2%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
1.44%
2024
21.4%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.