Skip to content

Economy of Spain vs Zimbabwe compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Spain has a GDP of $1.73T compared to $41.5B for Zimbabwe, ranking 15/197 and 102/197 by economy size, respectively.

Spain has $1.75T in government debt (101.6% of GDP), compared to $30.3B (73% of GDP) in Zimbabwe.

Spain vs Zimbabwe GDP by year

Spain
Zimbabwe
1x
Year GDP, current $
Spain Zimbabwe
2024 $1,725,671,652,742 $41,539,411,516
2023 $1,619,481,980,720 $35,871,779,681
2022 $1,448,850,658,407 $40,757,561,709
2021 $1,461,244,901,853 $41,287,673,690
2020 $1,289,783,836,971 $31,980,334,561
2019 $1,403,496,387,686 $33,357,695,635
2018 $1,431,642,809,327 $34,141,666,667
2017 $1,321,754,088,819 $51,035,657,371
2016 $1,243,015,667,917 $20,559,250,000
2015 $1,206,164,777,553 $19,973,250,000
2014 $1,380,244,561,362 $19,505,500,000
2013 $1,362,186,923,158 $19,100,750,000
2012 $1,330,994,811,670 $17,123,500,000
2011 $1,487,568,659,241 $14,109,000,000
2010 $1,427,989,078,917 $12,047,750,000
2009 $1,496,587,590,848 $9,670,750,000
2008 $1,636,115,447,613 $4,418,000,000
2007 $1,476,746,276,855 $5,294,750,000
2006 $1,261,846,683,275 $5,446,750,000
2005 $1,154,667,551,776 $5,758,250,000
2004 $1,069,829,382,515 $5,808,500,000
2003 $907,963,217,058 $5,730,500,000
2002 $708,938,227,244 $6,345,250,000
2001 $627,798,682,379 $6,780,750,000
2000 $598,102,854,756 $6,693,250,000
1999 $634,394,904,387 $6,861,500,000
1998 $618,731,484,575 $6,405,250,000
1997 $589,739,772,727 $8,534,000,000
1996 $642,251,412,058 $8,557,500,000
1995 $614,170,002,669 $7,115,000,000
1994 $530,183,651,720 $6,894,250,000
1993 $524,700,572,624 $6,567,250,000
1992 $630,465,353,486 $6,755,000,000
1991 $576,753,902,322 $8,646,000,000
1990 $536,175,326,477 $8,788,301,546
1989 $414,460,794,097 $8,290,553,535
1988 $375,891,716,898 $7,818,774,177
1987 $318,520,253,335 $6,744,657,033
1986 $251,141,555,186 $6,220,698,247
1985 $180,664,322,896 $5,640,137,575
1984 $171,979,977,230 $6,355,369,172
1983 $170,829,074,246 $7,768,031,182
1982 $195,856,752,991 $8,544,060,905
1981 $202,663,023,968 $8,015,464,252
1980 $232,600,556,974 $6,682,278,300
1979 $214,448,666,336 $5,180,102,910
1978 $160,484,969,618 $4,353,822,343
1977 $132,354,665,936 $4,366,610,469
1976 $118,422,534,195 $4,320,576,877
1975 $114,695,060,870 $4,373,532,601
1974 $97,204,522,642 $3,984,194,614
1973 $78,583,355,226 $3,311,043,292
1972 $59,090,176,029 $2,679,096,597
1971 $46,586,119,760 $2,179,828,710
1970 $40,963,715,237 $1,885,168,339
1969 $37,090,689,288 $1,748,891,294
1968 $32,394,326,464 $1,480,355,355
1967 $32,570,905,397 $1,397,715,282
1966 $29,559,436,183 $1,282,403,936
1965 $25,479,619,607 $1,312,105,394
1964 $21,966,876,027 $1,217,759,447
1963 $19,631,714,760 $1,160,103,724
1962 $16,609,632,791 $1,118,172,226
1961 $14,238,126,760 $1,097,206,526
1960 $12,424,514,014 $1,053,528,036

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/zimbabwe | CC BY

GDP per capita in Spain vs Zimbabwe by year

Spain
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Zimbabwe
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Spain Zimbabwe
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $35,327 $57,965 $2,497 $5,928
2023 $33,493 $55,682 $2,195 $5,791
2022 $30,319 $51,399 $2,536 $5,396
2021 $30,799 $44,252 $2,614 $4,827
2020 $27,234 $39,328 $2,060 $4,179
2019 $29,787 $44,043 $2,184 $4,166
2018 $30,602 $41,015 $2,271 $3,993
2017 $28,381 $39,825 $3,445 $10,756
2016 $26,756 $37,613 $1,408 $4,275
2015 $25,982 $35,229 $1,387 $4,046
2014 $29,708 $33,761 $1,373 $3,903
2013 $29,229 $32,614 $1,363 $3,784
2012 $28,456 $31,870 $1,239 $3,472
2011 $31,825 $32,016 $1,038 $3,047
2010 $30,659 $31,805 $902 $2,661
2009 $32,280 $32,218 $736 $2,233
2008 $35,603 $33,350 $341 $1,987
2007 $32,652 $32,536 $414 $2,396
2006 $28,422 $30,749 $431 $2,454
2005 $26,451 $27,630 $461 $2,496
2004 $24,925 $26,160 $470 $2,591
2003 $21,522 $25,057 $468 $2,708
2002 $17,111 $24,378 $525 $3,238
2001 $15,368 $22,952 $566 $3,533
2000 $14,743 $21,582 $563 $3,429
1999 $15,708 $19,938 $582 $3,491
1998 $15,382 $19,083 $552 $3,527
1997 $14,722 $17,903 $751 $3,457
1996 $16,101 $16,971 $767 $3,372
1995 $15,461 $16,276 $648 $3,051
1994 $13,406 $15,582 $634 $3,012
1993 $13,330 $14,973 $605 $2,703
1992 $16,101 $14,855 $631 $2,651
1991 $14,801 $14,461 $831 $2,930
1990 $13,795 $13,676 $867 $2,757
1989 $10,674 - $840 -
1988 $9,696 - $816 -
1987 $8,234 - $726 -
1986 $6,509 - $693 -
1985 $4,696 - $649 -
1984 $4,487 - $757 -
1983 $4,475 - $959 -
1982 $5,156 - $1,096 -
1981 $5,367 - $1,069 -
1980 $6,204 - $949 -
1979 $5,766 - $779 -
1978 $4,353 - $665 -
1977 $3,625 - $677 -
1976 $3,277 - $687 -
1975 $3,208 - $717 -
1974 $2,748 - $674 -
1973 $2,246 - $579 -
1972 $1,708 - $483 -
1971 $1,361 - $406 -
1970 $1,211 - $361 -
1969 $1,109 - $346 -
1968 $978 - $302 -
1967 $997 - $294.4 -
1966 $916 - $278.7 -
1965 $797 - $294.3 -
1964 $695 - $281.9 -
1963 $627 - $277.1 -
1962 $535 - $275.7 -
1961 $463 - $279.2 -
1960 $408 - $276.6 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/zimbabwe | CC BY

Spain's GDP per capita is $35,327, ranking 32/197, compared to $2,497 in Zimbabwe, ranking 148/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Spain ranks 34th at $57,965, while Zimbabwe ranks 154th at $5,928.

Economic indicators

Spain Zimbabwe
Gross domestic product
$1.73T
2024
$41.5B
2024
GDP rank
15/197
2024
102/197
2024
GDP growth
3.46%
2023-2024
1.74%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$35,327
2024
$2,497
2024
GDP per capita rank
32/197
2024
148/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$57,965
2024
$5,928
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
34/197
2024
154/197
2024
Government debt
$1.75T
2024
$30.3B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
101.6%
2024
73%
2024
Government debt per person
$35,909
2024
$1,824
2024
Government debt per person rank
20/185
2024
121/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$25,470
2026
$2,897
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$754B
2024
$2.46B
1999
Number of millionaires
1,202,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
34
2025
1
2025
Income share by richest 10%
24.5%
2023
40.5%
2019
Income share by poorest 10%
2.2%
2023
1.9%
2019
Government expenditure, % of GDP
45.3%
2024
12.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.77%
2023-2024
736%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
35%
2024
Unemployment rate
11.3%
2024
12.1%
2024
Population
48806901
17361868

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Spain
Spending

Debt
Zimbabwe
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Spain Zimbabwe
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 45.3% 101.6% 12.9% 73%
2023 45.5% 105.1% 15.5% 76.1%
2022 46.4% 109.2% 14.4% 66.8%
2021 49.5% 115.6% 12.8% 39.9%
2020 51.4% 119.2% 9.27% 56.8%
2019 42% 97.6% 9.36% 53.9%
2018 41.5% 99.7% 13.9% 33%
2017 41% 101.1% 19.8% 49%
2016 42.1% 102% 16.6% 35.1%
2015 43.7% 102.4% 14.7% 34.1%
2014 45.1% 104.4% 14.1% 29.2%
2013 46.2% 100% 14.7% 26.4%
2012 49.2% 89.6% 14.6% 27.2%
2011 45.9% 69.5% 16.2% 30%
2010 45.8% 60.3% 12.8% 33.2%
2009 46.1% 53.1% 7.93% 39.7%
2008 41.3% 39.6% 2.54% 41.3%
2007 39.2% 35.7% 3.43% 30.2%
2006 38.4% 39% 5.72% 26.7%
2005 38.4% 42.4% 10.5% 22.4%
2004 38.8% 45.3% - -
2003 38.4% 47.7% - -
2002 38.6% 51.2% - -
2001 38.4% 54.1% - -
2000 39.1% 57.8% - -
1999 40% 60.9% - -
1998 41% 62.4% - -
1997 41.5% 64.3% - -
1996 42.9% 65.4% - -
1995 44.1% 61.6% - -
1994 44.8% 57% - -
1993 46.3% 54.6% - -
1992 43.9% 44.1% - -
1991 42.6% 41.9% - -
1990 41.1% 41.3% - -
1989 32.1% 39.2% - -
1988 28.6% 38.2% - -
1987 31.1% 42.1% - -
1986 28.4% 36.5% - -
1985 27.6% 31.5% - -
1984 27% 18.3% - -
1983 26% 13.4% - -
1982 21.5% 12% - -
1981 18.1% 10.9% - -
1980 16.3% 10.2% - -
1979 14.3% 9.88% - -
1978 14.3% 9.93% - -
1977 12.8% 8.75% - -
1976 11.5% 8.21% - -
1975 11.4% 11.9% - -
1974 11.4% 13.6% - -
1973 9.88% 16.3% - -
1972 12.5% 17.6% - -
1971 14% 17.9% - -
1970 12.3% 19.2% - -
1969 12.3% 18.8% - -
1968 12.8% 18.3% - -
1967 12.5% 17.6% - -
1966 11.8% 17.7% - -
1965 14% 18.1% - -
1964 12.7% 19.5% - -
1963 12.4% 21% - -
1962 10.6% 24.4% - -
1961 9.97% 26.7% - -
1960 11% 29.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/zimbabwe | CC BY

In 2024, Spain's government spending was $782B, accounting for 45.3% of its GDP, while Zimbabwe spent $5.37B, or 12.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 101.6% in Spain and 73% in Zimbabwe, ranking 21/185 and 50/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Spain

Zimbabwe
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Spain Zimbabwe
2024 -3.15% -1.06%
2023 -3.52% -3.9%
2022 -4.63% -3.3%
2021 -6.66% -2.24%
2020 -10% -0.34%
2019 -3.04% -1.72%
2018 -2.58% -3.81%
2017 -3.1% -7.37%
2016 -4.26% -4.63%
2015 -5.26% -1.45%
2014 -6.07% -0.71%
2013 -7.49% -0.69%
2012 -11.5% -0.13%
2011 -9.69% -1.72%
2010 -9.49% -0.11%
2009 -11.2% -1.39%
2008 -4.56% -1.2%
2007 1.88% -1.67%
2006 2.12% -1.4%
2005 1.23% -3.46%
2004 -0.1% -
2003 -0.37% -
2002 -0.32% -
2001 -0.45% -
2000 -1.16% -
1999 -1.24% -
1998 -2.63% -
1997 -3.86% -
1996 -5.87% -
1995 -6.79% -
1994 -6.31% -
1993 -6.89% -
1992 -4.26% -
1991 -4.58% -
1990 -3.9% -
1989 -3.24% -
1988 -2.95% -
1987 -3.52% -
1986 -5.18% -
1985 -6.04% -
1984 -5.25% -
1983 -4.77% -
1982 -5.76% -
1981 -2.88% -
1980 -2.55% -
1979 -1.51% -
1978 -1.63% -
1977 -0.24% -
1976 0.43% -
1975 0.26% -
1974 0.11% -
1973 1.09% -
1972 0.24% -
1971 -0.96% -
1970 0.09% -
1969 -0.06% -
1968 -0.55% -
1967 -0.32% -
1966 0.07% -
1965 -0.04% -
1964 0.18% -
1963 -0.54% -
1962 1.27% -
1961 1.9% -
1960 0.69% -
1959 0.54% -
1958 0.23% -
1957 1.13% -
1956 -0.05% -
1955 0.6% -
1954 0.7% -
1953 1.02% -
1952 0.81% -
1951 -0.24% -
1950 -0.44% -
1949 -0.35% -
1948 -1.21% -
1947 -1.09% -
1946 -2.24% -
1945 -4.56% -
1944 -5.44% -
1943 -7.73% -
1942 -2.48% -
1941 -4.34% -
1940 -3.54% -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 -0.49% -
1934 -1.17% -
1933 -0.72% -
1932 -0.3% -
1931 0.1% -
1930 0.3% -
1929 -0.07% -
1928 -0.31% -
1927 -0.54% -
1926 -0.65% -
1925 -1.19% -
1924 -1.76% -
1923 -1.89% -
1922 -2.26% -
1921 -3.33% -
1920 -2.4% -
1919 -1.82% -
1918 -1.8% -
1917 -1.49% -
1916 -1.15% -
1915 -2.97% -
1914 -1.04% -
1913 -0.09% -
1912 -0.33% -
1911 0.19% -
1910 0.09% -
1909 -0.29% -
1908 0.59% -
1907 0.66% -
1906 0.91% -
1905 0.71% -
1904 0.52% -
1903 0.28% -
1902 0.74% -
1901 0.69% -
1900 1.04% -
1899 2.75% -
1898 0.13% -
1897 -0.64% -
1896 0.46% -
1895 0.83% -
1894 -0.08% -
1893 0.87% -
1892 -0.67% -
1891 -0.41% -
1890 -0.4% -
1889 -0.38% -
1888 -0.97% -
1887 -0.73% -
1886 -0.08% -
1885 -0.78% -
1884 -0.23% -
1883 -0.38% -
1882 0.38% -
1881 0.08% -
1880 -0.02% -
1879 -0.52% -
1878 -0.08% -
1877 0.11% -
1876 0.1% -
1875 -1.42% -
1874 -0.1% -
1873 2.22% -
1872 -2.27% -
1871 -2.64% -
1870 -3.42% -
1869 -2.64% -
1868 -1.46% -
1867 -0.79% -
1866 -0.83% -
1865 -1.84% -
1864 -2.48% -
1863 -1.55% -
1862 -1.76% -
1861 -1.77% -
1860 -0.94% -
1859 0.39% -
1858 -0.44% -
1857 -0.41% -
1856 -0.46% -
1855 -0.76% -
1854 -0.32% -
1853 -0.02% -
1852 -0.11% -
1851 -0.25% -
1850 0.31% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/zimbabwe | CC BY

In 2024, Spain's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $54.3B, equivalent to 3.15% of GDP. This compares to Zimbabwe's deficit of $438M, or 1.06% of GDP.

Over the past 20 years, Spain recorded a fiscal deficit in 17 of those years, while Zimbabwe ran a deficit in 20 years. On average, Spain posted an annual deficit equal to 5.05% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.11% of GDP for Zimbabwe.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Spain

Zimbabwe
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Spain Zimbabwe
2024 2.77% 736%
2023 3.53% 667%
2022 8.39% 193.4%
2021 3.09% 98.5%
2020 -0.32% 557%
2019 0.7% 255.3%
2018 1.67% 10.6%
2017 1.96% 0.9%
2016 -0.2% -1.6%
2015 -0.5% -2.4%
2014 -0.15% -0.2%
2013 1.41% 1.6%
2012 2.45% 3.7%
2011 3.2% 3.5%
2010 1.8% 3%
2009 -0.29% 6.2%
2008 4.08% 157%
2007 2.79% -72.7%
2006 3.52% 33%
2005 3.37% -31.5%
2004 3.04% 113.6%
2003 3.04% -8.6%
2002 3.07% -34.4%
2001 3.59% -37.2%
2000 3.43% 4.5%
1999 2.31% -13.4%
1998 1.83% -28%
1997 1.97% -1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/zimbabwe | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Spain has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.34%, compared with 93.4% in Zimbabwe. In 2024, inflation was 2.77% in Spain and 736% in Zimbabwe.

Top exports between countries

Spain
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $1.96M
Chemicals & pharma $664K
Textiles & consumer goods $645K
Animal & marine products $586K
Raw agricultural goods $488K
Raw materials & minerals $299K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $158K
Metals $115K
Weapons & explosives $10K
Miscellaneous $9K
Zimbabwe
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $3.36M
Metals $540K
Raw agricultural goods $183K
Precious metals & jewellery $148K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $6K
Machinery & equipment $3K
Wood & paper products $1K

Balance of trade

Spain Zimbabwe
Current account balance
$54.9B
2024
$501M
2024
Current account balance ranking
13/190
2024
62/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+3.18%
2024
+1.21%
2024
Goods imports
$456B
2024
$9.06B
2024
Goods exports
$419B
2024
$7.79B
2024
Service imports
$111B
2024
$1.66B
2024
Service exports
$220B
2024
$457M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.9%
2024
23.4%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
37.1%
2024
18%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Spain Zimbabwe
Economic freedom 66.8 35.2
Economic freedom ranking 59/197 190/197
Property rights 88 19.4
Government integrity 64.2 20.7
Judicial effectiveness 74.3 16.8
Tax burden 58.2 73.6
Government spending 37.3 93.9
Fiscal health 57.3 52.4
Business freedom 82.6 42
Labor freedom 61.7 33.3
Monetary freedom 78.2 0
Trade freedom 79.4 50.4
Investment freedom 60 10
Financial freedom 60 10

Economic freedom comparison by year

Spain
Zimbabwe
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Spain Zimbabwe
2026 66.8 35.2
2025 66.3 35.1
2024 63.3 38.2
2023 65 39
2022 68.2 33.1
2021 69.9 39.5
2020 66.9 43.1
2019 65.7 40.4
2018 65.1 44
2017 63.6 44
2016 68.5 38.2
2015 67.6 37.6
2014 67.2 35.5
2013 68 28.6
2012 69.1 26.3
2011 70.2 22.1
2010 69.6 21.4
2009 70.1 22.7
2008 69.1 29.5
2007 69.2 32
2006 68.2 33.5
2005 67 35.2
2004 68.9 34.4
2003 68.8 36.7
2002 68.8 36.7
2001 68.1 38.8
2000 65.9 48.7
1999 65.1 47.2
1998 62.6 44.6
1997 59.6 48
1996 59.6 46.7
1995 62.8 48.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/zimbabwe | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Spain is 66.8, ranking 59/197, compared to 35.2 for Zimbabwe, ranking 190/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Spain Zimbabwe
Services, % of GDP
68.9%
2024
50.6%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
19.5%
2024
35%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.75%
2024
8.69%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$1.64T
2024
$39.9B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$57,670
2024
$5,870
2024
Total reserves including gold
$108B
2024
$485M
2024
Total reserves ranking
26/177
2024
157/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$28.7B
2024
-$465M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$42.8B
2024
$465M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$71.5B
2024
$131M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
3.44%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
20.2%
2022
38.3%
2019
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.2%
2024
8.85%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/zimbabwe | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.