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Economy of Congo vs Spain compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

The Congo has a GDP of $15.7B compared to $1.73T for Spain, ranking 141/197 and 15/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Congo has $15.4B in government debt (98% of GDP), compared to $1.75T (101.6% of GDP) in Spain.

Congo vs Spain GDP by year

Congo
Spain
1x
Year GDP, current $
Congo Spain
2024 $15,719,986,077 $1,725,671,652,742
2023 $15,321,055,823 $1,619,481,980,720
2022 $15,817,030,155 $1,448,850,658,407
2021 $14,825,690,211 $1,461,244,901,853
2020 $11,468,687,464 $1,289,783,836,971
2019 $13,976,637,780 $1,403,496,387,686
2018 $14,773,900,289 $1,431,642,809,327
2017 $11,834,473,039 $1,321,754,088,819
2016 $10,931,328,151 $1,243,015,667,917
2015 $12,434,793,867 $1,206,164,777,553
2014 $17,919,321,078 $1,380,244,561,362
2013 $17,958,720,699 $1,362,186,923,158
2012 $17,692,911,296 $1,330,994,811,670
2011 $15,655,383,577 $1,487,568,659,241
2010 $13,148,396,212 $1,427,989,078,917
2009 $9,723,299,915 $1,496,587,590,848
2008 $11,649,857,673 $1,636,115,447,613
2007 $8,782,703,437 $1,476,746,276,855
2006 $8,072,305,029 $1,261,846,683,275
2005 $6,650,001,680 $1,154,667,551,776
2004 $4,656,974,940 $1,069,829,382,515
2003 $3,503,723,088 $907,963,217,058
2002 $3,034,250,924 $708,938,227,244
2001 $2,796,704,604 $627,798,682,379
2000 $3,227,927,698 $598,102,854,756
1999 $2,354,772,960 $634,394,904,387
1998 $1,949,481,379 $618,731,484,575
1997 $2,322,719,103 $589,739,772,727
1996 $2,540,697,539 $642,251,412,058
1995 $2,116,003,868 $614,170,002,669
1994 $1,769,365,438 $530,183,651,720
1993 $2,684,323,623 $524,700,572,624
1992 $2,933,222,703 $630,465,353,486
1991 $2,724,853,506 $576,753,902,322
1990 $2,798,746,050 $536,175,326,477
1989 $2,389,593,026 $414,460,794,097
1988 $2,212,536,312 $375,891,716,898
1987 $2,297,753,652 $318,520,253,335
1986 $1,849,268,212 $251,141,555,186
1985 $2,160,872,540 $180,664,322,896
1984 $2,193,581,365 $171,979,977,230
1983 $2,097,274,290 $170,829,074,246
1982 $2,160,640,565 $195,856,752,991
1981 $1,993,512,323 $202,663,023,968
1980 $1,705,796,853 $232,600,556,974
1979 $1,198,749,667 $214,448,666,336
1978 $878,771,772 $160,484,969,618
1977 $765,224,029 $132,354,665,936
1976 $754,549,601 $118,422,534,195
1975 $767,102,680 $114,695,060,870
1974 $585,364,634 $97,204,522,642
1973 $541,973,363 $78,583,355,226
1972 $410,669,264 $59,090,176,029
1971 $322,128,019 $46,586,119,760
1970 $274,960,700 $40,963,715,237
1969 $265,040,036 $37,090,689,288
1968 $251,247,458 $32,394,326,464
1967 $237,397,428 $32,570,905,397
1966 $220,613,582 $29,559,436,183
1965 $198,318,064 $25,479,619,607
1964 $185,693,725 $21,966,876,027
1963 $172,233,431 $19,631,714,760
1962 $166,521,240 $16,609,632,791
1961 $151,675,739 $14,238,126,760
1960 $131,731,863 $12,424,514,014

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/spain | CC BY

GDP per capita in Congo vs Spain by year

Congo
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Spain
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Congo Spain
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $2,482 $7,026 $35,327 $57,965
2023 $2,478 $6,850 $33,493 $55,682
2022 $2,621 $6,647 $30,319 $51,399
2021 $2,516 $6,263 $30,799 $44,252
2020 $1,994 $4,771 $27,234 $39,328
2019 $2,488 $5,720 $29,787 $44,043
2018 $2,694 $5,593 $30,602 $41,015
2017 $2,212 $4,445 $28,381 $39,825
2016 $2,093 $4,016 $26,756 $37,613
2015 $2,439 $4,715 $25,982 $35,229
2014 $3,601 $5,733 $29,708 $33,761
2013 $3,697 $5,834 $29,229 $32,614
2012 $3,732 $6,058 $28,456 $31,870
2011 $3,396 $5,175 $31,825 $32,016
2010 $2,947 $5,125 $30,659 $31,805
2009 $2,271 $4,801 $32,280 $32,218
2008 $2,832 $4,448 $35,603 $33,350
2007 $2,206 $4,243 $32,652 $32,536
2006 $2,104 $4,588 $28,422 $30,749
2005 $1,799 $4,279 $26,451 $27,630
2004 $1,306 $3,992 $24,925 $26,160
2003 $1,017 $3,887 $21,522 $25,057
2002 $906 $3,888 $17,111 $24,378
2001 $855 $3,748 $15,368 $22,952
2000 $1,024 $3,667 $14,743 $21,582
1999 $776 $3,464 $15,708 $19,938
1998 $660 $3,602 $15,382 $19,083
1997 $804 $3,510 $14,722 $17,903
1996 $899 $3,547 $16,101 $16,971
1995 $770 $3,434 $15,461 $16,276
1994 $662 $3,327 $13,406 $15,582
1993 $1,034 $3,550 $13,330 $14,973
1992 $1,164 $3,608 $16,101 $14,855
1991 $1,113 $3,536 $14,801 $14,461
1990 $1,176 $3,437 $13,795 $13,676
1989 $1,033 - $10,674 -
1988 $984 - $9,696 -
1987 $1,052 - $8,234 -
1986 $872 - $6,509 -
1985 $1,049 - $4,696 -
1984 $1,097 - $4,487 -
1983 $1,075 - $4,475 -
1982 $1,131 - $5,156 -
1981 $1,066 - $5,367 -
1980 $933 - $6,204 -
1979 $670 - $5,766 -
1978 $503 - $4,353 -
1977 $448 - $3,625 -
1976 $453 - $3,277 -
1975 $471 - $3,208 -
1974 $370 - $2,748 -
1973 $353 - $2,246 -
1972 $276.3 - $1,708 -
1971 $223.5 - $1,361 -
1970 $196.7 - $1,211 -
1969 $195.4 - $1,109 -
1968 $190.8 - $978 -
1967 $185.7 - $997 -
1966 $177.6 - $916 -
1965 $164.2 - $797 -
1964 $158.1 - $695 -
1963 $150.7 - $627 -
1962 $149.6 - $535 -
1961 $139.9 - $463 -
1960 $124.7 - $408 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/spain | CC BY

The Congo's GDP per capita is $2,482, ranking 149/197, compared to $35,327 in Spain, ranking 32/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Congo ranks 148th at $7,026, while Spain ranks 34th at $57,965.

Economic indicators

Congo Spain
Gross domestic product
$15.7B
2024
$1.73T
2024
GDP rank
141/197
2024
15/197
2024
GDP growth
2.58%
2023-2024
3.46%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,482
2024
$35,327
2024
GDP per capita rank
149/197
2024
32/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$7,026
2024
$57,965
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
148/197
2024
34/197
2024
Government debt
$15.4B
2024
$1.75T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
98%
2024
101.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,433
2024
$35,909
2024
Government debt per person rank
112/185
2024
20/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,153
2026
$25,470
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$754B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
1,202,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
34
2025
Income share by richest 10%
37.9%
2011
24.5%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.6%
2011
2.2%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
21.7%
2024
45.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.1%
2023-2024
2.77%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
10%
2012
11.3%
2024
Population
6681829
48806901

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Congo
Spending

Debt
Spain
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Congo Spain
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 21.7% 98% 45.3% 101.6%
2023 20.7% 102.9% 45.5% 105.1%
2022 22.8% 93.5% 46.4% 109.2%
2021 20.9% 97.8% 49.5% 115.6%
2020 21.1% 102.5% 51.4% 119.2%
2019 20.2% 77.6% 42% 97.6%
2018 17.8% 71.2% 41.5% 99.7%
2017 26.6% 88.5% 41% 101.1%
2016 38.8% 84.6% 42.1% 102%
2015 41.3% 74.2% 43.7% 102.4%
2014 48.6% 42.3% 45.1% 104.4%
2013 42.4% 33.9% 46.2% 100%
2012 30.7% 30.2% 49.2% 89.6%
2011 27.9% 34.4% 45.9% 69.5%
2010 23% 43.5% 45.8% 60.3%
2009 24.4% 83.8% 46.1% 53.1%
2008 24.2% 69.6% 41.3% 39.6%
2007 28.6% 93.8% 39.2% 35.7%
2006 26.6% 94.7% 38.4% 39%
2005 22.1% 99.8% 38.4% 42.4%
2004 24.4% 122.6% 38.8% 45.3%
2003 27% 185.3% 38.4% 47.7%
2002 32.1% 163.5% 38.6% 51.2%
2001 29.1% 180.1% 38.4% 54.1%
2000 22.6% 145% 39.1% 57.8%
1999 28.8% 0% 40% 60.9%
1998 25.1% 0% 41% 62.4%
1997 22.2% 0% 41.5% 64.3%
1996 15.7% 0% 42.9% 65.4%
1995 27.6% 0% 44.1% 61.6%
1994 30.7% 0% 44.8% 57%
1993 32.8% 0% 46.3% 54.6%
1992 32.8% 0% 43.9% 44.1%
1991 34.1% 0% 42.6% 41.9%
1990 30.4% 0% 41.1% 41.3%
1989 20.3% 151.7% 32.1% 39.2%
1988 - - 28.6% 38.2%
1987 - - 31.1% 42.1%
1986 - - 28.4% 36.5%
1985 - - 27.6% 31.5%
1984 - - 27% 18.3%
1983 - - 26% 13.4%
1982 - - 21.5% 12%
1981 - - 18.1% 10.9%
1980 - - 16.3% 10.2%
1979 - - 14.3% 9.88%
1978 - - 14.3% 9.93%
1977 - - 12.8% 8.75%
1976 - - 11.5% 8.21%
1975 - - 11.4% 11.9%
1974 - - 11.4% 13.6%
1973 - - 9.88% 16.3%
1972 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1971 - - 14% 17.9%
1970 - - 12.3% 19.2%
1969 - - 12.3% 18.8%
1968 - - 12.8% 18.3%
1967 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1966 - - 11.8% 17.7%
1965 - - 14% 18.1%
1964 - - 12.7% 19.5%
1963 - - 12.4% 21%
1962 - - 10.6% 24.4%
1961 - - 9.97% 26.7%
1960 - - 11% 29.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/spain | CC BY

In 2024, the Congo's government spending was $3.4B, accounting for 21.7% of its GDP, while Spain spent $782B, or 45.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 98% in the Congo and 101.6% in Spain, ranking 25/185 and 21/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Congo

Spain
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Congo Spain
2024 3.62% -3.15%
2023 5.81% -3.52%
2022 8.94% -4.63%
2021 1.63% -6.66%
2020 -1.1% -10%
2019 4.3% -3.04%
2018 5.22% -2.58%
2017 -5.57% -3.1%
2016 -14.5% -4.26%
2015 -17.8% -5.26%
2014 -10.7% -6.07%
2013 -2.85% -7.49%
2012 7.24% -11.5%
2011 16.1% -9.69%
2010 15.5% -9.49%
2009 4.76% -11.2%
2008 23.9% -4.56%
2007 8.99% 1.88%
2006 16% 2.12%
2005 13.4% 1.23%
2004 3.33% -0.1%
2003 0.37% -0.37%
2002 -7.34% -0.32%
2001 -0.71% -0.45%
2000 1.05% -1.16%
1999 -4.75% -1.24%
1998 -5.16% -2.63%
1997 3.67% -3.86%
1996 9.2% -5.87%
1995 -6.38% -6.79%
1994 -10.6% -6.31%
1993 -11.3% -6.89%
1992 -12.7% -4.26%
1991 -11.2% -4.58%
1990 -4.1% -3.9%
1989 0.78% -3.24%
1988 - -2.95%
1987 - -3.52%
1986 - -5.18%
1985 - -6.04%
1984 - -5.25%
1983 - -4.77%
1982 - -5.76%
1981 - -2.88%
1980 - -2.55%
1979 - -1.51%
1978 - -1.63%
1977 - -0.24%
1976 - 0.43%
1975 - 0.26%
1974 - 0.11%
1973 - 1.09%
1972 - 0.24%
1971 - -0.96%
1970 - 0.09%
1969 - -0.06%
1968 - -0.55%
1967 - -0.32%
1966 - 0.07%
1965 - -0.04%
1964 - 0.18%
1963 - -0.54%
1962 - 1.27%
1961 - 1.9%
1960 - 0.69%
1959 - 0.54%
1958 - 0.23%
1957 - 1.13%
1956 - -0.05%
1955 - 0.6%
1954 - 0.7%
1953 - 1.02%
1952 - 0.81%
1951 - -0.24%
1950 - -0.44%
1949 - -0.35%
1948 - -1.21%
1947 - -1.09%
1946 - -2.24%
1945 - -4.56%
1944 - -5.44%
1943 - -7.73%
1942 - -2.48%
1941 - -4.34%
1940 - -3.54%
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -0.49%
1934 - -1.17%
1933 - -0.72%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.1%
1930 - 0.3%
1929 - -0.07%
1928 - -0.31%
1927 - -0.54%
1926 - -0.65%
1925 - -1.19%
1924 - -1.76%
1923 - -1.89%
1922 - -2.26%
1921 - -3.33%
1920 - -2.4%
1919 - -1.82%
1918 - -1.8%
1917 - -1.49%
1916 - -1.15%
1915 - -2.97%
1914 - -1.04%
1913 - -0.09%
1912 - -0.33%
1911 - 0.19%
1910 - 0.09%
1909 - -0.29%
1908 - 0.59%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.91%
1905 - 0.71%
1904 - 0.52%
1903 - 0.28%
1902 - 0.74%
1901 - 0.69%
1900 - 1.04%
1899 - 2.75%
1898 - 0.13%
1897 - -0.64%
1896 - 0.46%
1895 - 0.83%
1894 - -0.08%
1893 - 0.87%
1892 - -0.67%
1891 - -0.41%
1890 - -0.4%
1889 - -0.38%
1888 - -0.97%
1887 - -0.73%
1886 - -0.08%
1885 - -0.78%
1884 - -0.23%
1883 - -0.38%
1882 - 0.38%
1881 - 0.08%
1880 - -0.02%
1879 - -0.52%
1878 - -0.08%
1877 - 0.11%
1876 - 0.1%
1875 - -1.42%
1874 - -0.1%
1873 - 2.22%
1872 - -2.27%
1871 - -2.64%
1870 - -3.42%
1869 - -2.64%
1868 - -1.46%
1867 - -0.79%
1866 - -0.83%
1865 - -1.84%
1864 - -2.48%
1863 - -1.55%
1862 - -1.76%
1861 - -1.77%
1860 - -0.94%
1859 - 0.39%
1858 - -0.44%
1857 - -0.41%
1856 - -0.46%
1855 - -0.76%
1854 - -0.32%
1853 - -0.02%
1852 - -0.11%
1851 - -0.25%
1850 - 0.31%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/spain | CC BY

In 2024, the Congo's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $568M, equivalent to 3.62% of GDP. This compares to Spain's deficit of $54.3B, or 3.15% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, the Congo recorded a fiscal deficit in 16 of those years, while Spain ran a deficit in 33 years. On average, the Congo posted an annual surplus equal to 0.75% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.25% of GDP for Spain.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Congo

Spain
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Congo Spain
2024 3.1% 2.77%
2023 4.3% 3.53%
2022 3% 8.39%
2021 2% 3.09%
2020 1.4% -0.32%
2019 0.4% 0.7%
2018 1.2% 1.67%
2017 0.4% 1.96%
2016 3.2% -0.2%
2015 3.2% -0.5%
2014 0.9% -0.15%
2013 4.6% 1.41%
2012 5% 2.45%
2011 1.8% 3.2%
2010 0.4% 1.8%
2009 4.3% -0.29%
2008 6% 4.08%
2007 2.6% 2.79%
2006 4.7% 3.52%
2005 2.5% 3.37%
2004 3.7% 3.04%
2003 1.7% 3.04%
2002 3% 3.07%
2001 0.8% 3.59%
2000 0.5% 3.43%
1999 3% 2.31%
1998 2.2% 1.83%
1997 12.7% 1.97%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/spain | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, the Congo has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.95%, compared with 2.34% in Spain. In 2024, inflation was 3.1% in the Congo and 2.77% in Spain.

Top exports between countries

Congo
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $76.3M
Machinery & equipment $14M
Wood & paper products $1.35M
Animal & marine products $627K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $391K
Miscellaneous $77K
Metals $23K
Chemicals & pharma $4K
Textiles & consumer goods $1K
Spain
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $8.98M
Animal & marine products $6.93M
Textiles & consumer goods $5.88M
Chemicals & pharma $3.93M
Machinery & equipment $3.03M
Weapons & explosives $2.36M
Raw materials & minerals $1.29M
Metals $1.13M
Wood & paper products $295K
Raw agricultural goods $255K

Balance of trade

Congo Spain
Current account balance
$1.72B
2021
$54.9B
2024
Current account balance ranking
48/190
2021
13/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+11.6%
2021
+3.18%
2024
Goods imports
$2.78B
2021
$456B
2024
Goods exports
$7.51B
2021
$419B
2024
Service imports
$1.71B
2021
$111B
2024
Service exports
$240M
2021
$220B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
40.4%
2024
32.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
52.8%
2024
37.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Congo Spain
Economic freedom 48.6 66.8
Economic freedom ranking 169/197 59/197
Property rights 28.7 88
Government integrity 13.9 64.2
Judicial effectiveness 15.4 74.3
Tax burden 73.7 58.2
Government spending 85.8 37.3
Fiscal health 80.8 57.3
Business freedom 35.8 82.6
Labor freedom 52.4 61.7
Monetary freedom 78.4 78.2
Trade freedom 52.8 79.4
Investment freedom 35 60
Financial freedom 30 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Congo
Spain
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Congo Spain
2026 48.6 66.8
2025 48.6 66.3
2024 47.8 63.3
2023 48.1 65
2022 48.5 68.2
2021 50.7 69.9
2020 41.8 66.9
2019 39.7 65.7
2018 38.9 65.1
2017 40 63.6
2016 42.8 68.5
2015 42.7 67.6
2014 43.7 67.2
2013 43.5 68
2012 43.8 69.1
2011 43.6 70.2
2010 43.2 69.6
2009 45.4 70.1
2008 45.3 69.1
2007 44.4 69.2
2006 43.8 68.2
2005 46.2 67
2004 45.9 68.9
2003 47.7 68.8
2002 45.3 68.8
2001 44.3 68.1
2000 40.6 65.9
1999 41.6 65.1
1998 33.8 62.6
1997 42.2 59.6
1996 40.3 59.6
1995 - 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/spain | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Congo is 48.6, ranking 169/197, compared to 66.8 for Spain, ranking 59/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Congo Spain
Services, % of GDP
45%
2024
68.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
40.1%
2024
19.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
9.44%
2024
2.75%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$14.4B
2024
$1.64T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$6,340
2024
$57,670
2024
Total reserves including gold
$715M
2023
$108B
2024
Total reserves ranking
148/177
2023
26/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$330M
2021
$28.7B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$604M
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$25.4M
2024
$71.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7.67%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
40.9%
2011
20.2%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
26.8%
2024
21.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.