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Economy of Ivory Coast vs Spain compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Ivory Coast has a GDP of $99.8B compared to $1.91T for Spain, ranking 77/197 and 12/197 by economy size, respectively.

Ivory Coast has $56.2B in government debt (56.3% of GDP), compared to $1.91T (100.4% of GDP) in Spain.

Ivory Coast vs Spain GDP by year

Ivory Coast
Spain
1x
Year GDP, current $
Ivory Coast Spain
2025 $99,773,555,666 $1,906,453,309,986
2024 $87,113,179,149 $1,725,671,652,742
2023 $80,780,312,569 $1,619,481,980,720
2022 $70,922,824,814 $1,448,850,658,407
2021 $72,794,636,654 $1,461,244,901,853
2020 $63,027,852,805 $1,289,783,836,971
2019 $60,382,894,697 $1,403,496,387,686
2018 $58,522,477,787 $1,431,642,809,327
2017 $52,512,343,997 $1,321,754,088,819
2016 $48,407,761,037 $1,243,015,667,917
2015 $45,815,005,169 $1,206,164,777,553
2014 $48,843,005,614 $1,380,244,561,362
2013 $42,760,235,485 $1,362,186,923,158
2012 $36,302,302,877 $1,330,994,811,670
2011 $36,693,710,801 $1,487,568,659,241
2010 $34,936,307,980 $1,427,989,078,917
2009 $33,886,813,250 $1,496,587,590,848
2008 $34,078,240,293 $1,636,115,447,613
2007 $28,760,090,953 $1,476,746,276,855
2006 $25,281,413,263 $1,261,846,683,275
2005 $24,036,918,703 $1,154,667,551,776
2004 $23,510,575,681 $1,069,829,382,515
2003 $21,251,754,340 $907,963,217,058
2002 $18,054,383,321 $708,938,227,244
2001 $16,810,537,044 $627,798,682,379
2000 $16,577,533,892 $598,102,854,756
1999 $18,870,992,456 $634,394,904,387
1998 $19,619,654,756 $618,731,484,575
1997 $18,047,558,038 $589,739,772,727
1996 $18,071,152,831 $642,251,412,058
1995 $11,000,146,267 $614,170,002,669
1994 $8,313,557,510 $530,183,651,720
1993 $11,045,760,288 $524,700,572,624
1992 $11,152,971,274 $630,465,353,486
1991 $10,492,628,581 $576,753,902,322
1990 $10,795,850,583 $536,175,326,477
1989 $9,757,410,645 $414,460,794,097
1988 $10,255,169,806 $375,891,716,898
1987 $10,087,654,465 $318,520,253,335
1986 $9,158,302,100 $251,141,555,186
1985 $6,977,650,644 $180,664,322,896
1984 $6,841,639,247 $171,979,977,230
1983 $6,838,184,773 $170,829,074,246
1982 $7,567,110,849 $195,856,752,991
1981 $8,432,589,942 $202,663,023,968
1980 $10,175,617,609 $232,600,556,974
1979 $9,142,933,967 $214,448,666,336
1978 $7,900,526,298 $160,484,969,618
1977 $6,265,068,189 $132,354,665,936
1976 $4,662,053,825 $118,422,534,195
1975 $3,893,839,190 $114,695,060,870
1974 $3,070,152,309 $97,204,522,642
1973 $2,508,421,426 $78,583,355,226
1972 $1,849,400,402 $59,090,176,029
1971 $1,584,128,509 $46,586,119,760
1970 $1,455,482,795 $40,963,715,237
1969 $1,361,360,293 $37,090,689,288
1968 $1,281,281,277 $32,394,326,464
1967 $1,082,922,725 $32,570,905,397
1966 $1,024,102,880 $29,559,436,183
1965 $919,771,229 $25,479,619,607
1964 $921,063,327 $21,966,876,027
1963 $761,047,198 $19,631,714,760
1962 $645,284,474 $16,609,632,791
1961 $618,245,634 $14,238,126,760
1960 $546,203,559 $12,424,514,014

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ivory-coast/spain | CC BY

GDP per capita in Ivory Coast vs Spain by year

Ivory Coast
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Spain
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Ivory Coast Spain
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $3,050 - $38,627 -
2024 $2,728 $7,669 $35,327 $57,965
2023 $2,592 $7,237 $33,493 $55,682
2022 $2,333 $6,719 $30,319 $51,399
2021 $2,456 $6,045 $30,799 $44,252
2020 $2,180 $5,544 $27,234 $39,328
2019 $2,142 $5,516 $29,787 $44,043
2018 $2,131 $4,946 $30,602 $41,015
2017 $1,964 $4,690 $28,381 $39,825
2016 $1,863 $4,531 $26,756 $37,613
2015 $1,815 $4,404 $25,982 $35,229
2014 $1,991 $4,074 $29,708 $33,761
2013 $1,786 $3,619 $29,229 $32,614
2012 $1,547 $3,291 $28,456 $31,870
2011 $1,597 $3,176 $31,825 $32,016
2010 $1,554 $3,361 $30,659 $31,805
2009 $1,540 $3,177 $32,280 $32,218
2008 $1,584 $3,116 $35,603 $33,350
2007 $1,368 $2,985 $32,652 $32,536
2006 $1,230 $2,942 $28,422 $30,749
2005 $1,198 $2,842 $26,451 $27,630
2004 $1,200 $2,794 $24,925 $26,160
2003 $1,111 $2,702 $21,522 $25,057
2002 $968 $2,851 $17,111 $24,378
2001 $925 $2,962 $15,368 $22,952
2000 $937 $3,041 $14,743 $21,582
1999 $1,096 $3,065 $15,708 $19,938
1998 $1,177 $3,086 $15,382 $19,083
1997 $1,125 $3,040 $14,722 $17,903
1996 $1,170 $2,832 $16,101 $16,971
1995 $740 $2,683 $15,461 $16,276
1994 $582 $2,551 $13,406 $15,582
1993 $804 $2,577 $13,330 $14,973
1992 $845 $2,625 $16,101 $14,855
1991 $827 $2,677 $14,801 $14,461
1990 $886 $2,693 $13,795 $13,676
1989 $833 - $10,674 -
1988 $910 - $9,696 -
1987 $930 - $8,234 -
1986 $877 - $6,509 -
1985 $695 - $4,696 -
1984 $709 - $4,487 -
1983 $737 - $4,475 -
1982 $849 - $5,156 -
1981 $986 - $5,367 -
1980 $1,238 - $6,204 -
1979 $1,157 - $5,766 -
1978 $1,039 - $4,353 -
1977 $856 - $3,625 -
1976 $661 - $3,277 -
1975 $575 - $3,208 -
1974 $474 - $2,748 -
1973 $406 - $2,246 -
1972 $313 - $1,708 -
1971 $280.3 - $1,361 -
1970 $269 - $1,211 -
1969 $262.2 - $1,109 -
1968 $256.8 - $978 -
1967 $225.6 - $997 -
1966 $221.8 - $916 -
1965 $207 - $797 -
1964 $215.5 - $695 -
1963 $185.1 - $627 -
1962 $163.1 - $535 -
1961 $162.3 - $463 -
1960 $148.7 - $408 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ivory-coast/spain | CC BY

Ivory Coast's GDP per capita is $3,050, ranking 145/197, compared to $38,627 in Spain, ranking 31/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Ivory Coast ranks 145th at $7,669, while Spain ranks 34th at $57,965.

Economic indicators

Ivory Coast Spain
Gross domestic product
$99.8B
2025
$1.91T
2025
GDP rank
77/197
2025
12/197
2025
GDP growth
6.5%
2024-2025
2.82%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$3,050
2025
$38,627
2025
GDP per capita rank
145/197
2025
31/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$7,669
2024
$57,965
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
145/197
2024
34/197
2024
Government debt
$56.2B
2025
$1.91T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
56.3%
2025
100.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$1,718
2025
$38,794
2025
Government debt per person rank
124/185
2025
20/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,667
2026
$24,910
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$7.33B
2020
$1.3T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
1,077,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
34
2026
Income share by richest 10%
27.8%
2021
24.5%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.1%
2021
2.2%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
20.2%
2025
44.7%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.13%
2024-2025
2.7%
2024-2025
Unemployment rate
2.31%
2022
10.5%
2025
Population
33910252
49323658

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Ivory Coast
Spending

Debt
Spain
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Ivory Coast Spain
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 20.2% 56.3% 44.7% 100.4%
2024 20.4% 59.5% 45.5% 101.6%
2023 21% 56.7% 45.4% 105.1%
2022 21.9% 56% 46.3% 109.2%
2021 20.5% 50.2% 49.5% 115.6%
2020 20.4% 46.3% 51.4% 119.2%
2019 17.2% 37.2% 42% 97.6%
2018 17.6% 35.3% 41.5% 99.7%
2017 18.1% 32.6% 41% 101.1%
2016 17.6% 31.1% 42.1% 102%
2015 16.5% 29.2% 43.7% 102.4%
2014 15.2% 26.7% 45.1% 104.4%
2013 15.9% 24.6% 46.2% 100%
2012 16.1% 24.7% 49.2% 89.6%
2011 13.2% 50% 45.9% 69.5%
2010 14.5% 45.6% 45.8% 60.3%
2009 14.4% 46.5% 46.1% 53.1%
2008 14.6% 51.2% 41.3% 39.6%
2007 14.8% 53.5% 39.2% 35.7%
2006 14.5% 57.5% 38.4% 39%
2005 13.6% 58.2% 38.4% 42.4%
2004 13.5% 56.7% 38.8% 45.3%
2003 12.7% 56.4% 38.4% 47.7%
2002 13.1% 63% 38.6% 51.2%
2001 11.4% 71.2% 38.4% 54.1%
2000 12.9% 74% 39.1% 57.8%
1999 13.7% 78% 40% 60.9%
1998 14.6% 75.2% 41% 62.4%
1997 15.2% 84.2% 41.5% 64.3%
1996 - - 42.9% 65.4%
1995 - - 44.1% 61.6%
1994 - - 44.8% 57%
1993 - - 46.3% 54.6%
1992 - - 43.9% 44.1%
1991 - - 42.6% 41.9%
1990 - - 41.1% 41.3%
1989 - - 32.1% 39.2%
1988 - - 28.6% 38.2%
1987 - - 31.1% 42.1%
1986 - - 28.4% 36.5%
1985 - - 27.6% 31.5%
1984 - - 27% 18.3%
1983 - - 26% 13.4%
1982 - - 21.5% 12%
1981 - - 18.1% 10.9%
1980 - - 16.3% 10.2%
1979 - - 14.3% 9.88%
1978 - - 14.3% 9.93%
1977 - - 12.8% 8.75%
1976 - - 11.5% 8.21%
1975 - - 11.4% 11.9%
1974 - - 11.4% 13.6%
1973 - - 9.88% 16.3%
1972 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1971 - - 14% 17.9%
1970 - - 12.3% 19.2%
1969 - - 12.3% 18.8%
1968 - - 12.8% 18.3%
1967 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1966 - - 11.8% 17.7%
1965 - - 14% 18.1%
1964 - - 12.7% 19.5%
1963 - - 12.4% 21%
1962 - - 10.6% 24.4%
1961 - - 9.97% 26.7%
1960 - - 11% 29.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ivory-coast/spain | CC BY

In 2025, Ivory Coast's government spending was $20.1B, accounting for 20.2% of its GDP, while Spain spent $852B, or 44.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 56.3% in Ivory Coast and 100.4% in Spain, ranking 85/185 and 25/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Ivory Coast

Spain
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Ivory Coast Spain
2025 -3% -2.5%
2024 -3.96% -3.22%
2023 -5.12% -3.34%
2022 -6.74% -4.59%
2021 -4.88% -6.66%
2020 -5.42% -10%
2019 -2.22% -3.04%
2018 -2.9% -2.58%
2017 -3.27% -3.1%
2016 -2.98% -4.26%
2015 -2.04% -5.26%
2014 -1.57% -6.07%
2013 -1.62% -7.49%
2012 -2.28% -11.5%
2011 -2.89% -9.69%
2010 -1.34% -9.49%
2009 -1% -11.2%
2008 -0.21% -4.56%
2007 -0.39% 1.88%
2006 -1.03% 2.12%
2005 -1.03% 1.23%
2004 -1.04% -0.1%
2003 -1.26% -0.37%
2002 -0.64% -0.32%
2001 0.7% -0.45%
2000 -0.83% -1.16%
1999 -1.27% -1.24%
1998 -0.7% -2.63%
1997 -0.75% -3.86%
1996 - -5.87%
1995 - -6.79%
1994 - -6.31%
1993 - -6.89%
1992 - -4.26%
1991 - -4.58%
1990 - -3.9%
1989 - -3.24%
1988 - -2.95%
1987 - -3.52%
1986 - -5.18%
1985 - -6.04%
1984 - -5.25%
1983 - -4.77%
1982 - -5.76%
1981 - -2.88%
1980 - -2.55%
1979 - -1.51%
1978 - -1.63%
1977 - -0.24%
1976 - 0.43%
1975 - 0.26%
1974 - 0.11%
1973 - 1.09%
1972 - 0.24%
1971 - -0.96%
1970 - 0.09%
1969 - -0.06%
1968 - -0.55%
1967 - -0.32%
1966 - 0.07%
1965 - -0.04%
1964 - 0.18%
1963 - -0.54%
1962 - 1.27%
1961 - 1.9%
1960 - 0.69%
1959 - 0.54%
1958 - 0.23%
1957 - 1.13%
1956 - -0.05%
1955 - 0.6%
1954 - 0.7%
1953 - 1.02%
1952 - 0.81%
1951 - -0.24%
1950 - -0.44%
1949 - -0.35%
1948 - -1.21%
1947 - -1.09%
1946 - -2.24%
1945 - -4.56%
1944 - -5.44%
1943 - -7.73%
1942 - -2.48%
1941 - -4.34%
1940 - -3.54%
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -0.49%
1934 - -1.17%
1933 - -0.72%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.1%
1930 - 0.3%
1929 - -0.07%
1928 - -0.31%
1927 - -0.54%
1926 - -0.65%
1925 - -1.19%
1924 - -1.76%
1923 - -1.89%
1922 - -2.26%
1921 - -3.33%
1920 - -2.4%
1919 - -1.82%
1918 - -1.8%
1917 - -1.49%
1916 - -1.15%
1915 - -2.97%
1914 - -1.04%
1913 - -0.09%
1912 - -0.33%
1911 - 0.19%
1910 - 0.09%
1909 - -0.29%
1908 - 0.59%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.91%
1905 - 0.71%
1904 - 0.52%
1903 - 0.28%
1902 - 0.74%
1901 - 0.69%
1900 - 1.04%
1899 - 2.75%
1898 - 0.13%
1897 - -0.64%
1896 - 0.46%
1895 - 0.83%
1894 - -0.08%
1893 - 0.87%
1892 - -0.67%
1891 - -0.41%
1890 - -0.4%
1889 - -0.38%
1888 - -0.97%
1887 - -0.73%
1886 - -0.08%
1885 - -0.78%
1884 - -0.23%
1883 - -0.38%
1882 - 0.38%
1881 - 0.08%
1880 - -0.02%
1879 - -0.52%
1878 - -0.08%
1877 - 0.11%
1876 - 0.1%
1875 - -1.42%
1874 - -0.1%
1873 - 2.22%
1872 - -2.27%
1871 - -2.64%
1870 - -3.42%
1869 - -2.64%
1868 - -1.46%
1867 - -0.79%
1866 - -0.83%
1865 - -1.84%
1864 - -2.48%
1863 - -1.55%
1862 - -1.76%
1861 - -1.77%
1860 - -0.94%
1859 - 0.39%
1858 - -0.44%
1857 - -0.41%
1856 - -0.46%
1855 - -0.76%
1854 - -0.32%
1853 - -0.02%
1852 - -0.11%
1851 - -0.25%
1850 - 0.31%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ivory-coast/spain | CC BY

In 2025, Ivory Coast's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $3B, equivalent to 3% of GDP. This compares to Spain's deficit of $47.6B, or 2.5% of GDP.

Over the past 29 years, Ivory Coast recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while Spain ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, Ivory Coast posted an annual deficit equal to 2.13% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.91% of GDP for Spain.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Ivory Coast

Spain
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Ivory Coast Spain
2025 0.13% 2.7%
2024 3.45% 2.75%
2023 4.37% 3.53%
2022 5.23% 8.39%
2021 4.16% 3.09%
2020 2.41% -0.32%
2019 0.79% 0.7%
2018 0.4% 1.67%
2017 0.69% 1.96%
2016 0.72% -0.2%
2015 1.25% -0.5%
2014 0.45% -0.15%
2013 2.58% 1.41%
2012 1.3% 2.45%
2011 4.91% 3.2%
2010 1.23% 1.8%
2009 1.02% -0.29%
2008 6.31% 4.08%
2007 1.89% 2.79%
2006 2.47% 3.52%
2005 3.89% 3.37%
2004 1.46% 3.04%
2003 3.3% 3.04%
2002 3.08% 3.07%
2001 4.36% 3.59%
2000 2.53% 3.43%
1999 0.7% 2.31%
1998 4.61% 1.83%
1997 4.02% 1.97%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ivory-coast/spain | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Ivory Coast has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.54%, compared with 2.35% in Spain. In 2025, inflation was 0.13% in Ivory Coast and 2.7% in Spain.

Top exports between countries

Ivory Coast
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $688M
Raw materials & minerals $168M
Raw agricultural goods $36.4M
Machinery & equipment $25.9M
Wood & paper products $9.8M
Metals $1.45M
Chemicals & pharma $1.28M
Textiles & consumer goods $186K
Animal & marine products $166K
Precious metals & jewellery $16K
Spain
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $83.9M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $79.4M
Chemicals & pharma $48.1M
Textiles & consumer goods $41.8M
Metals $38.8M
Raw materials & minerals $26.5M
Animal & marine products $18.7M
Wood & paper products $15.3M
Raw agricultural goods $10.9M
Weapons & explosives $5.16M

Balance of trade

Ivory Coast Spain
Current account balance
-$3.89B
2024
$56B
2025
Current account balance ranking
156/190
2024
12/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-4.47%
2024
+2.94%
2025
Goods imports
$15.3B
2024
$499B
2025
Goods exports
$20.8B
2024
$443B
2025
Service imports
$6.63B
2024
$127B
2025
Service exports
$1.22B
2024
$256B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
24.8%
2025
32.8%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
29.8%
2025
36.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Ivory Coast Spain
Economic freedom 58.1 66.8
Economic freedom ranking 111/197 59/197
Property rights 43.9 88
Government integrity 39.3 64.2
Judicial effectiveness 30.2 74.3
Tax burden 81.6 58.2
Government spending 86.6 37.3
Fiscal health 48 57.3
Business freedom 68.3 82.6
Labor freedom 57.1 61.7
Monetary freedom 67.6 78.2
Trade freedom 74.4 79.4
Investment freedom 50 60
Financial freedom 50 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Ivory Coast
Spain
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Ivory Coast Spain
2026 58.1 66.8
2025 57.8 66.3
2024 58.4 63.3
2023 60.4 65
2022 61.6 68.2
2021 61.7 69.9
2020 59.7 66.9
2019 62.4 65.7
2018 62 65.1
2017 63 63.6
2016 60 68.5
2015 58.5 67.6
2014 57.7 67.2
2013 54.1 68
2012 54.3 69.1
2011 55.4 70.2
2010 54.1 69.6
2009 55 70.1
2008 53.9 69.1
2007 54.9 69.2
2006 56.2 68.2
2005 56.6 67
2004 57.8 68.9
2003 56.7 68.8
2002 57.3 68.8
2001 54.8 68.1
2000 50.2 65.9
1999 51.7 65.1
1998 51.3 62.6
1997 50.5 59.6
1996 49.9 59.6
1995 53.4 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ivory-coast/spain | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Ivory Coast is 58.1, ranking 111/197, compared to 66.8 for Spain, ranking 59/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Ivory Coast Spain
Services, % of GDP
51.2%
2025
68.4%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
23.9%
2025
19.6%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
16.8%
2025
2.68%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$91B
2025
$1.83T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$7,750
2025
$59,830
2025
Total reserves including gold n/a
$129B
2025
Total reserves ranking n/a
23/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$2.89B
2024
$18.3B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$3.12B
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$228M
2024
$71.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
6.47%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
37.5%
2021
20.2%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
19.3%
2025
21.4%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.