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Economy of Haiti vs Spain compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Haiti has a GDP of $25.2B compared to $1.73T for Spain, ranking 117/197 and 15/197 by economy size, respectively.

Haiti has $3.91B in government debt (15.5% of GDP), compared to $1.75T (101.6% of GDP) in Spain.

Haiti vs Spain GDP by year

Haiti
Spain
1x
Year GDP, current $
Haiti Spain
2024 $25,224,154,991 $1,725,671,652,742
2023 $19,850,585,722 $1,619,481,980,720
2022 $20,253,551,921 $1,448,850,658,407
2021 $20,944,387,976 $1,461,244,901,853
2020 $14,508,222,518 $1,289,783,836,971
2019 $15,016,090,930 $1,403,496,387,686
2018 $16,403,864,618 $1,431,642,809,327
2017 $15,093,357,161 $1,321,754,088,819
2016 $14,069,277,526 $1,243,015,667,917
2015 $14,849,629,309 $1,206,164,777,553
2014 $15,146,883,498 $1,380,244,561,362
2013 $14,902,488,604 $1,362,186,923,158
2012 $13,708,925,477 $1,330,994,811,670
2011 $13,008,746,039 $1,487,568,659,241
2010 $11,859,312,725 $1,427,989,078,917
2009 $11,597,002,835 $1,496,587,590,848
2008 $10,432,962,635 $1,636,115,447,613
2007 $9,228,637,768 $1,476,746,276,855
2006 $7,638,739,123 $1,261,846,683,275
2005 $7,030,149,730 $1,154,667,551,776
2004 $6,087,360,684 $1,069,829,382,515
2003 $5,071,947,798 $907,963,217,058
2002 $6,205,847,214 $708,938,227,244
2001 $6,331,970,324 $627,798,682,379
2000 $6,813,566,099 $598,102,854,756
1999 $4,153,725,884 $634,394,904,387
1998 $3,723,903,724 $618,731,484,575
1997 $3,338,949,152 $589,739,772,727
1996 $2,907,517,604 $642,251,412,058
1995 $2,813,313,279 $614,170,002,669
1994 $2,167,569,046 $530,183,651,720
1993 $1,878,253,767 $524,700,572,624
1992 $2,257,129,792 $630,465,353,486
1991 $3,473,562,628 $576,753,902,322
1990 $3,096,289,800 $536,175,326,477
1989 $2,736,243,800 $414,460,794,097
1988 $2,613,926,800 $375,891,716,898
1987 $2,047,200,000 $318,520,253,335
1986 $2,318,000,000 $251,141,555,186
1985 $2,009,400,000 $180,664,322,896
1984 $1,816,200,000 $171,979,977,230
1983 $1,623,600,000 $170,829,074,246
1982 $1,474,200,000 $195,856,752,991
1981 $1,479,400,000 $202,663,023,968
1980 $1,383,800,000 $232,600,556,974
1979 $1,080,600,000 $214,448,666,336
1978 $974,200,000 $160,484,969,618
1977 $947,000,000 $132,354,665,936
1976 $879,000,000 $118,422,534,195
1975 $681,400,000 $114,695,060,870
1974 $565,399,322 $97,204,522,642
1973 $466,798,973 $78,583,355,226
1972 $371,998,958 $59,090,176,029
1971 $362,800,000 $46,586,119,760
1970 $331,200,000 $40,963,715,237
1969 $391,820,400 $37,090,689,288
1968 $367,968,800 $32,394,326,464
1967 $369,124,200 $32,570,905,397
1966 $368,948,600 $29,559,436,183
1965 $353,251,800 $25,479,619,607
1964 $325,281,200 $21,966,876,027
1963 $294,883,400 $19,631,714,760
1962 $281,896,800 $16,609,632,791
1961 $271,066,000 $14,238,126,760
1960 $273,187,200 $12,424,514,014

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/spain | CC BY

GDP per capita in Haiti vs Spain by year

Haiti
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Spain
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Haiti Spain
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $2,143 $3,194 $35,327 $57,965
2023 $1,706 $3,292 $33,493 $55,682
2022 $1,761 $3,275 $30,319 $51,399
2021 $1,841 $3,145 $30,799 $44,252
2020 $1,290 $3,103 $27,234 $39,328
2019 $1,352 $3,237 $29,787 $44,043
2018 $1,496 $3,197 $30,602 $41,015
2017 $1,395 $3,339 $28,381 $39,825
2016 $1,318 $3,253 $26,756 $37,613
2015 $1,411 $3,026 $25,982 $35,229
2014 $1,460 $3,076 $29,708 $33,761
2013 $1,458 $3,042 $29,229 $32,614
2012 $1,361 $2,830 $28,456 $31,870
2011 $1,312 $2,858 $31,825 $32,016
2010 $1,210 $2,695 $30,659 $31,805
2009 $1,197 $2,855 $32,280 $32,218
2008 $1,095 $2,724 $35,603 $33,350
2007 $985 $2,647 $32,652 $32,536
2006 $829 $2,504 $28,422 $30,749
2005 $776 $2,427 $26,451 $27,630
2004 $683 $2,322 $24,925 $26,160
2003 $579 $2,331 $21,522 $25,057
2002 $721 $2,248 $17,111 $24,378
2001 $749 $2,230 $15,368 $22,952
2000 $821 $2,229 $14,743 $21,582
1999 $510 $2,201 $15,708 $19,938
1998 $465 $2,152 $15,382 $19,083
1997 $425 $2,122 $14,722 $17,903
1996 $377 $2,070 $16,101 $16,971
1995 $372 $1,989 $15,461 $16,276
1994 $292.1 $1,807 $13,406 $15,582
1993 $258.1 $2,048 $13,330 $14,973
1992 $316 $2,158 $16,101 $14,855
1991 $497 $2,273 $14,801 $14,461
1990 $452 $2,202 $13,795 $13,676
1989 $407 - $10,674 -
1988 $397 - $9,696 -
1987 $318 - $8,234 -
1986 $367 - $6,509 -
1985 $325 - $4,696 -
1984 $299.2 - $4,487 -
1983 $272.8 - $4,475 -
1982 $252.6 - $5,156 -
1981 $258.5 - $5,367 -
1980 $246.5 - $6,204 -
1979 $196.2 - $5,766 -
1978 $180.3 - $4,353 -
1977 $178.7 - $3,625 -
1976 $169.1 - $3,277 -
1975 $133.6 - $3,208 -
1974 $113 - $2,748 -
1973 $95.1 - $2,246 -
1972 $77.3 - $1,708 -
1971 $76.8 - $1,361 -
1970 $71.5 - $1,211 -
1969 $86.1 - $1,109 -
1968 $82.4 - $978 -
1967 $84.2 - $997 -
1966 $85.7 - $916 -
1965 $83.6 - $797 -
1964 $78.5 - $695 -
1963 $72.4 - $627 -
1962 $70.4 - $535 -
1961 $69 - $463 -
1960 $70.8 - $408 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/spain | CC BY

Haiti's GDP per capita is $2,143, ranking 153/197, compared to $35,327 in Spain, ranking 32/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Haiti ranks 177th at $3,194, while Spain ranks 34th at $57,965.

Economic indicators

Haiti Spain
Gross domestic product
$25.2B
2024
$1.73T
2024
GDP rank
117/197
2024
15/197
2024
GDP growth
-4.17%
2023-2024
3.46%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,143
2024
$35,327
2024
GDP per capita rank
153/197
2024
32/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$3,194
2024
$57,965
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
177/197
2024
34/197
2024
Government debt
$3.91B
2024
$1.75T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
15.5%
2024
101.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$332
2024
$35,909
2024
Government debt per person rank
176/185
2024
20/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,896
2026
$25,470
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$754B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
1,202,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
34
2025
Income share by richest 10%
31.2%
2012
24.5%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.1%
2012
2.2%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
5.25%
2024
45.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
26.9%
2023-2024
2.77%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
14.1%
2012
11.3%
2024
Population
12076663
48806901

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Haiti
Spending

Debt
Spain
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Haiti Spain
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 5.25% 15.5% 45.3% 101.6%
2023 6.46% 28.5% 45.5% 105.1%
2022 8.33% 29.5% 46.4% 109.2%
2021 9.42% 28.9% 49.5% 115.6%
2020 9.86% 22.3% 51.4% 119.2%
2019 9.59% 26.5% 42% 97.6%
2018 11.3% 24.1% 41.5% 99.7%
2017 10.2% 22.5% 41% 101.1%
2016 10.5% 24.4% 42.1% 102%
2015 12.7% 23.9% 43.7% 102.4%
2014 14.6% 21.4% 45.1% 104.4%
2013 15.9% 25.1% 46.2% 100%
2012 16.4% 24.1% 49.2% 89.6%
2011 14.1% 22.3% 45.9% 69.5%
2010 12.6% 24.9% 45.8% 60.3%
2009 11.6% 19.4% 46.1% 53.1%
2008 11.2% 33.9% 41.3% 39.6%
2007 11.1% 24.4% 39.2% 35.7%
2006 9.67% 32.2% 38.4% 39%
2005 8.75% 29.7% 38.4% 42.4%
2004 7.38% 30.4% 38.8% 45.3%
2003 7.83% 37.8% 38.4% 47.7%
2002 6.64% 32% 38.6% 51.2%
2001 6.11% 28.8% 38.4% 54.1%
2000 6.25% 32.5% 39.1% 57.8%
1999 6.91% 24.1% 40% 60.9%
1998 5.4% 24% 41% 62.4%
1997 5.46% 26.2% 41.5% 64.3%
1996 - 26.2% 42.9% 65.4%
1995 - 26.2% 44.1% 61.6%
1994 - 35.3% 44.8% 57%
1993 - 98% 46.3% 54.6%
1992 - 118.9% 43.9% 44.1%
1991 - 80.7% 42.6% 41.9%
1990 - 85.1% 41.1% 41.3%
1989 - 98.7% 32.1% 39.2%
1988 - 90.9% 28.6% 38.2%
1987 32.4% 58.6% 31.1% 42.1%
1986 15.1% 26.5% 28.4% 36.5%
1985 17.4% 25.6% 27.6% 31.5%
1984 16.9% 27.3% 27% 18.3%
1983 21.9% 28.9% 26% 13.4%
1982 20.7% 25.5% 21.5% 12%
1981 17.4% 23.7% 18.1% 10.9%
1980 17.2% 20.3% 16.3% 10.2%
1979 13.1% 19.8% 14.3% 9.88%
1978 18.9% 20.1% 14.3% 9.93%
1977 16.7% 18.5% 12.8% 8.75%
1976 13.4% 14.9% 11.5% 8.21%
1975 12.8% 14.2% 11.4% 11.9%
1974 9.24% 13.3% 11.4% 13.6%
1973 9.4% 8.92% 9.88% 16.3%
1972 11.2% 11.1% 12.5% 17.6%
1971 11.2% 11% 14% 17.9%
1970 11.4% 12.5% 12.3% 19.2%
1969 10.1% - 12.3% 18.8%
1968 10.3% - 12.8% 18.3%
1967 7.52% - 12.5% 17.6%
1966 7.2% - 11.8% 17.7%
1965 7.91% - 14% 18.1%
1964 - - 12.7% 19.5%
1963 8.95% - 12.4% 21%
1962 - - 10.6% 24.4%
1961 - - 9.97% 26.7%
1960 7.34% 21.6% 11% 29.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/spain | CC BY

In 2024, Haiti's government spending was $1.32B, accounting for 5.25% of its GDP, while Spain spent $782B, or 45.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 15.5% in Haiti and 101.6% in Spain, ranking 177/185 and 21/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Haiti

Spain
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Haiti Spain
2024 6.96% -3.15%
2023 0.77% -3.52%
2022 -1.75% -4.63%
2021 -2.45% -6.66%
2020 -1.96% -10%
2019 -1.99% -3.04%
2018 -1.13% -2.58%
2017 -0.32% -3.1%
2016 0.12% -4.26%
2015 -1.47% -5.26%
2014 -3.64% -6.07%
2013 -3.98% -7.49%
2012 -2.71% -11.5%
2011 -1.43% -9.69%
2010 -1.5% -9.49%
2009 -2% -11.2%
2008 -1.8% -4.56%
2007 -1.55% 1.88%
2006 -0.91% 2.12%
2005 -0.83% 1.23%
2004 -1.34% -0.1%
2003 -2.24% -0.37%
2002 -1.8% -0.32%
2001 -1.55% -0.45%
2000 -1.36% -1.16%
1999 -1.54% -1.24%
1998 0.21% -2.63%
1997 0.37% -3.86%
1996 - -5.87%
1995 - -6.79%
1994 - -6.31%
1993 - -6.89%
1992 - -4.26%
1991 - -4.58%
1990 - -3.9%
1989 - -3.24%
1988 - -2.95%
1987 -4.94% -3.52%
1986 -1.4% -5.18%
1985 -0.97% -6.04%
1984 -3.52% -5.25%
1983 -5.72% -4.77%
1982 -3.93% -5.76%
1981 -4.38% -2.88%
1980 -5.68% -2.55%
1979 -2.21% -1.51%
1978 -3.24% -1.63%
1977 -2.85% -0.24%
1976 -1.16% 0.43%
1975 -1.73% 0.26%
1974 0.23% 0.11%
1973 0.03% 1.09%
1972 0.24% 0.24%
1971 -0.08% -0.96%
1970 -0.19% 0.09%
1969 -0.39% -0.06%
1968 -0.46% -0.55%
1967 0% -0.32%
1966 0% 0.07%
1965 0% -0.04%
1964 - 0.18%
1963 0% -0.54%
1962 - 1.27%
1961 - 1.9%
1960 0.006% 0.69%
1959 -1.11% 0.54%
1958 -2.21% 0.23%
1957 0.28% 1.13%
1956 -2.18% -0.05%
1955 -0.86% 0.6%
1954 -0.81% 0.7%
1953 -1.01% 1.02%
1952 - 0.81%
1951 - -0.24%
1950 - -0.44%
1949 -0.12% -0.35%
1948 0.21% -1.21%
1947 1.06% -1.09%
1946 0.51% -2.24%
1945 0.47% -4.56%
1944 - -5.44%
1943 - -7.73%
1942 - -2.48%
1941 -0.21% -4.34%
1940 0.13% -3.54%
1939 -0.16% -
1938 0.15% -
1937 -0.08% -
1936 -0.06% -
1935 -0.2% -0.49%
1934 -1.23% -1.17%
1933 0% -0.72%
1932 0.4% -0.3%
1931 -0.49% 0.1%
1930 -0.52% 0.3%
1929 -0.32% -0.07%
1928 -0.25% -0.31%
1927 0.73% -0.54%
1926 -0.45% -0.65%
1925 0.05% -1.19%
1924 -0.14% -1.76%
1923 - -1.89%
1922 - -2.26%
1921 - -3.33%
1920 - -2.4%
1919 - -1.82%
1918 - -1.8%
1917 - -1.49%
1916 - -1.15%
1915 - -2.97%
1914 - -1.04%
1913 - -0.09%
1912 - -0.33%
1911 - 0.19%
1910 - 0.09%
1909 - -0.29%
1908 - 0.59%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.91%
1905 - 0.71%
1904 - 0.52%
1903 - 0.28%
1902 - 0.74%
1901 - 0.69%
1900 - 1.04%
1899 - 2.75%
1898 - 0.13%
1897 - -0.64%
1896 - 0.46%
1895 - 0.83%
1894 - -0.08%
1893 - 0.87%
1892 - -0.67%
1891 - -0.41%
1890 - -0.4%
1889 - -0.38%
1888 - -0.97%
1887 - -0.73%
1886 - -0.08%
1885 - -0.78%
1884 - -0.23%
1883 - -0.38%
1882 - 0.38%
1881 - 0.08%
1880 - -0.02%
1879 - -0.52%
1878 - -0.08%
1877 - 0.11%
1876 - 0.1%
1875 - -1.42%
1874 - -0.1%
1873 - 2.22%
1872 - -2.27%
1871 - -2.64%
1870 - -3.42%
1869 - -2.64%
1868 - -1.46%
1867 - -0.79%
1866 - -0.83%
1865 - -1.84%
1864 - -2.48%
1863 - -1.55%
1862 - -1.76%
1861 - -1.77%
1860 - -0.94%
1859 - 0.39%
1858 - -0.44%
1857 - -0.41%
1856 - -0.46%
1855 - -0.76%
1854 - -0.32%
1853 - -0.02%
1852 - -0.11%
1851 - -0.25%
1850 - 0.31%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/spain | CC BY

In 2024, Haiti's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.76B, equivalent to 6.96% of GDP. This compares to Spain's deficit of $54.3B, or 3.15% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Haiti recorded a fiscal deficit in 40 of those years, while Spain ran a deficit in 51 years. On average, Haiti posted an annual deficit equal to 1.42% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.94% of GDP for Spain.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Haiti

Spain
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Haiti Spain
2024 26.9% 2.77%
2023 36.8% 3.53%
2022 34% 8.39%
2021 16.8% 3.09%
2020 22.8% -0.32%
2019 18.7% 0.7%
2018 12.5% 1.67%
2017 10.7% 1.96%
2016 11.5% -0.2%
2015 6.73% -0.5%
2014 3.44% -0.15%
2013 4.77% 1.41%
2012 5.02% 2.45%
2011 6.33% 3.2%
2010 4.83% 1.8%
2009 0.39% -0.29%
2008 15.3% 4.08%
2007 6.56% 2.79%
2006 11.3% 3.52%
2005 14% 3.37%
2004 21% 3.04%
2003 28.7% 3.04%
2002 7.03% 3.07%
2001 13.3% 3.59%
2000 9.33% 3.43%
1999 3% 2.31%
1998 5.27% 1.83%
1997 20.6% 1.97%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/spain | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Haiti has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 13.5%, compared with 2.34% in Spain. In 2024, inflation was 26.9% in Haiti and 2.77% in Spain.

Top exports between countries

Haiti
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $3.61M
Textiles & consumer goods $668K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $243K
Raw agricultural goods $164K
Miscellaneous $155K
Machinery & equipment $30K
Raw materials & minerals $23K
Spain
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $3.28M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.2M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.16M
Animal & marine products $1.13M
Raw agricultural goods $676K
Machinery & equipment $428K
Raw materials & minerals $240K
Metals $149K
Wood & paper products $124K
Miscellaneous $9K

Balance of trade

Haiti Spain
Current account balance
-$145M
2024
$54.9B
2024
Current account balance ranking
92/190
2024
13/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.58%
2024
+3.18%
2024
Goods imports
$4.27B
2024
$456B
2024
Goods exports
$767M
2024
$419B
2024
Service imports
$518M
2024
$111B
2024
Service exports
$96.6M
2024
$220B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
18.8%
2024
32.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
3.4%
2024
37.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Haiti Spain
Economic freedom 46.1 66.8
Economic freedom ranking 178/197 59/197
Property rights 6.6 88
Government integrity 13 64.2
Judicial effectiveness 17.3 74.3
Tax burden 81.7 58.2
Government spending 98.7 37.3
Fiscal health 99.5 57.3
Business freedom 30.7 82.6
Labor freedom 54.7 61.7
Monetary freedom 45.1 78.2
Trade freedom 66.4 79.4
Investment freedom 20 60
Financial freedom 20 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Haiti
Spain
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Haiti Spain
2026 46.1 66.8
2025 46.1 66.3
2024 48.2 63.3
2023 49.9 65
2022 50 68.2
2021 50.8 69.9
2020 52.3 66.9
2019 52.7 65.7
2018 55.8 65.1
2017 49.6 63.6
2016 51.3 68.5
2015 51.3 67.6
2014 48.9 67.2
2013 48.1 68
2012 50.7 69.1
2011 52.1 70.2
2010 50.8 69.6
2009 50.5 70.1
2008 49 69.1
2007 51.4 69.2
2006 49.2 68.2
2005 48.4 67
2004 51.2 68.9
2003 50.6 68.8
2002 47.9 68.8
2001 47.1 68.1
2000 45.7 65.9
1999 45.9 65.1
1998 45.7 62.6
1997 45.8 59.6
1996 41 59.6
1995 43 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/spain | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Haiti is 46.1, ranking 178/197, compared to 66.8 for Spain, ranking 59/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Haiti Spain
Services, % of GDP
48.3%
2024
68.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
33.4%
2024
19.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
15.9%
2024
2.75%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$20.7B
2024
$1.64T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$3,190
2024
$57,670
2024
Total reserves including gold
$2.72B
2024
$108B
2024
Total reserves ranking
121/177
2024
26/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$20M
2024
$28.7B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$20M
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$0
2024
$71.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
2.15%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
58.5%
2012
20.2%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
9.94%
2024
21.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/spain | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2017–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.