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Economy of Spain vs Tanzania compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Spain has a GDP of $1.73T compared to $78.8B for Tanzania, ranking 15/197 and 82/197 by economy size, respectively.

Spain has $1.75T in government debt (101.6% of GDP), compared to $39.3B (49.9% of GDP) in Tanzania.

Spain vs Tanzania GDP by year

Spain
Tanzania
1x
Year GDP, current $
Spain Tanzania
2024 $1,725,671,652,742 $78,844,405,385
2023 $1,619,481,980,720 $79,030,935,627
2022 $1,448,850,658,407 $75,749,121,843
2021 $1,461,244,901,853 $70,655,628,148
2020 $1,289,783,836,971 $66,068,737,786
2019 $1,403,496,387,686 $61,026,731,926
2018 $1,431,642,809,327 $57,003,712,892
2017 $1,321,754,088,819 $53,274,884,533
2016 $1,243,015,667,917 $49,774,409,374
2015 $1,206,164,777,553 $47,413,919,817
2014 $1,380,244,561,362 $49,986,726,461
2013 $1,362,186,923,158 $45,648,857,242
2012 $1,330,994,811,670 $39,650,394,363
2011 $1,487,568,659,241 $34,657,140,096
2010 $1,427,989,078,917 $32,012,892,919
2009 $1,496,587,590,848 $29,400,573,554
2008 $1,636,115,447,613 $27,947,821,398
2007 $1,476,746,276,855 $21,860,434,823
2006 $1,261,846,683,275 $18,619,859,795
2005 $1,154,667,551,776 $18,395,383,647
2004 $1,069,829,382,515 $16,673,062,473
2003 $907,963,217,058 $15,211,487,709
2002 $708,938,227,244 $14,129,651,896
2001 $627,798,682,379 $13,563,990,022
2000 $598,102,854,756 $13,371,767,082
1999 $634,394,904,387 $12,704,334,196
1998 $618,731,484,575 $12,172,790,056
1997 $589,739,772,727 $11,158,197,942
1996 $642,251,412,058 $9,433,528,150
1995 $614,170,002,669 $7,631,431,840
1994 $530,183,651,720 $6,550,480,484
1993 $524,700,572,624 $6,182,872,708
1992 $630,465,353,486 $6,681,997,469
1991 $576,753,902,322 $7,197,768,159
1990 $536,175,326,477 $6,184,384,225
1989 $414,460,794,097 $6,418,799,007
1988 $375,891,716,898 $7,406,614,407
1987 $318,520,253,335 $7,824,193,222
1986 $251,141,555,186 $10,840,864,521
1985 $180,664,322,896 $15,328,295,175
1984 $171,979,977,230 $12,906,635,133
1983 $170,829,074,246 $14,049,883,809
1982 $195,856,752,991 $13,927,383,240
1981 $202,663,023,968 $13,161,540,378
1980 $232,600,556,974 $11,409,228,087
1979 $214,448,666,336 $9,804,637,491
1978 $160,484,969,618 $9,261,675,710
1977 $132,354,665,936 $7,732,598,995
1976 $118,422,534,195 $6,472,511,988
1975 $114,695,060,870 $5,729,917,840
1974 $97,204,522,642 $4,977,337,978
1973 $78,583,355,226 $4,144,104,535
1972 $59,090,176,029 $3,472,787,266
1971 $46,586,119,760 $3,050,673,517
1970 $40,963,715,237 $2,851,419,386
1969 $37,090,689,288 $5,142,066,811
1968 $32,394,326,464 $4,895,251,824
1967 $32,570,905,397 $4,565,132,048
1966 $29,559,436,183 $4,377,998,825
1965 $25,479,619,607 $3,817,226,546
1964 $21,966,876,027 $3,748,840,925
1963 $19,631,714,760 $3,456,579,293
1962 $16,609,632,791 $3,101,589,993
1961 $14,238,126,760 $2,826,179,031
1960 $12,424,514,014 $2,651,729,807

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/tanzania | CC BY

GDP per capita in Spain vs Tanzania by year

Spain
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Tanzania
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Spain Tanzania
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $35,327 $57,965 $1,150 $4,221
2023 $33,493 $55,682 $1,186 $4,019
2022 $30,319 $51,399 $1,171 $3,800
2021 $30,799 $44,252 $1,125 $3,493
2020 $27,234 $39,328 $1,084 $3,291
2019 $29,787 $44,043 $1,031 $2,982
2018 $30,602 $41,015 $992 $2,728
2017 $28,381 $39,825 $957 $2,472
2016 $26,756 $37,613 $925 $2,435
2015 $25,982 $35,229 $911 $2,317
2014 $29,708 $33,761 $993 $2,221
2013 $29,229 $32,614 $935 $2,176
2012 $28,456 $31,870 $837 $2,083
2011 $31,825 $32,016 $753 $2,211
2010 $30,659 $31,805 $715 $2,069
2009 $32,280 $32,218 $674 $1,972
2008 $35,603 $33,350 $657 $1,908
2007 $32,652 $32,536 $528 $1,820
2006 $28,422 $30,749 $462 $1,707
2005 $26,451 $27,630 $469 $1,598
2004 $24,925 $26,160 $438 $1,482
2003 $21,522 $25,057 $410 $1,379
2002 $17,111 $24,378 $391 $1,302
2001 $15,368 $22,952 $385 $1,229
2000 $14,743 $21,582 $390 $1,164
1999 $15,708 $19,938 $382 $1,120
1998 $15,382 $19,083 $375 $1,082
1997 $14,722 $17,903 $353 $1,059
1996 $16,101 $16,971 $305 $1,026
1995 $15,461 $16,276 $251.2 $981
1994 $13,406 $15,582 $222.5 $958
1993 $13,330 $14,973 $218.2 $959
1992 $16,101 $14,855 $243.4 $955
1991 $14,801 $14,461 $268.8 $952
1990 $13,795 $13,676 $236.9 $925
1989 $10,674 - $252.3 -
1988 $9,696 - $299 -
1987 $8,234 - $326 -
1986 $6,509 - $466 -
1985 $4,696 - $681 -
1984 $4,487 - $593 -
1983 $4,475 - $667 -
1982 $5,156 - $683 -
1981 $5,367 - $665 -
1980 $6,204 - $595 -
1979 $5,766 - $527 -
1978 $4,353 - $515 -
1977 $3,625 - $446 -
1976 $3,277 - $387 -
1975 $3,208 - $355 -
1974 $2,748 - $320 -
1973 $2,246 - $276.1 -
1972 $1,708 - $239.8 -
1971 $1,361 - $218.4 -
1970 $1,211 - $211.3 -
1969 $1,109 - $394 -
1968 $978 - $388 -
1967 $997 - $374 -
1966 $916 - $370 -
1965 $797 - $333 -
1964 $695 - $337 -
1963 $627 - $320 -
1962 $535 - $295.7 -
1961 $463 - $277.4 -
1960 $408 - $267.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/tanzania | CC BY

Spain's GDP per capita is $35,327, ranking 32/197, compared to $1,150 in Tanzania, ranking 170/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Spain ranks 34th at $57,965, while Tanzania ranks 165th at $4,221.

Economic indicators

Spain Tanzania
Gross domestic product
$1.73T
2024
$78.8B
2024
GDP rank
15/197
2024
82/197
2024
GDP growth
3.46%
2023-2024
5.53%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$35,327
2024
$1,150
2024
GDP per capita rank
32/197
2024
170/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$57,965
2024
$4,221
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
34/197
2024
165/197
2024
Government debt
$1.75T
2024
$39.3B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
101.6%
2024
49.9%
2024
Government debt per person
$35,909
2024
$573
2024
Government debt per person rank
20/185
2024
160/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$25,470
2026
$2,309
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$754B
2024
$7.32B
2024
Number of millionaires
1,202,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
34
2025
1
2025
Income share by richest 10%
24.5%
2023
33.1%
2018
Income share by poorest 10%
2.2%
2023
2.9%
2018
Government expenditure, % of GDP
45.3%
2024
19.1%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.77%
2023-2024
3.06%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
6%
2024
Unemployment rate
11.3%
2024
2.43%
2024
Population
48806901
73145892

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Spain
Spending

Debt
Tanzania
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Spain Tanzania
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 45.3% 101.6% 19.1% 49.9%
2023 45.5% 105.1% 19% 47.8%
2022 46.4% 109.2% 19.1% 44.9%
2021 49.5% 115.6% 18.4% 43.4%
2020 51.4% 119.2% 17.4% 41.3%
2019 42% 97.6% 17.3% 40.4%
2018 41.5% 99.7% 17.3% 42%
2017 41% 101.1% 16.4% 40.1%
2016 42.1% 102% 16.9% 39.8%
2015 43.7% 102.4% 17.2% 39.5%
2014 45.1% 104.4% 17.3% 36.4%
2013 46.2% 100% 18.8% 32.7%
2012 49.2% 89.6% 19.6% 30%
2011 45.9% 69.5% 19% 28.4%
2010 45.8% 60.3% 19.8% 27.6%
2009 46.1% 53.1% 19.6% 23.9%
2008 41.3% 39.6% 18.1% 21.6%
2007 39.2% 35.7% 17.8% 23.8%
2006 38.4% 39% 17.6% 17.4%
2005 38.4% 42.4% 18.3% 25.4%
2004 38.8% 45.3% 17% 44.5%
2003 38.4% 47.7% 15.4% 44.4%
2002 38.6% 51.2% 13.6% 47.4%
2001 38.4% 54.1% 12.4% 50.8%
2000 39.1% 57.8% 12.3% 55.4%
1999 40% 60.9% 12.8% 62.9%
1998 41% 62.4% 11.4% 62.2%
1997 41.5% 64.3% 12.8% 73.4%
1996 42.9% 65.4% 13.4% 89.6%
1995 44.1% 61.6% 15.6% 111.1%
1994 44.8% 57% 16.8% 126%
1993 46.3% 54.6% 16.4% 129.2%
1992 43.9% 44.1% 17.6% 117.6%
1991 42.6% 41.9% 14.2% 106.5%
1990 41.1% 41.3% - -
1989 32.1% 39.2% - -
1988 28.6% 38.2% - -
1987 31.1% 42.1% - -
1986 28.4% 36.5% - -
1985 27.6% 31.5% - -
1984 27% 18.3% - -
1983 26% 13.4% - -
1982 21.5% 12% - -
1981 18.1% 10.9% - -
1980 16.3% 10.2% - -
1979 14.3% 9.88% - -
1978 14.3% 9.93% - -
1977 12.8% 8.75% - -
1976 11.5% 8.21% - -
1975 11.4% 11.9% - -
1974 11.4% 13.6% - -
1973 9.88% 16.3% - -
1972 12.5% 17.6% - -
1971 14% 17.9% - -
1970 12.3% 19.2% - -
1969 12.3% 18.8% - -
1968 12.8% 18.3% - -
1967 12.5% 17.6% - -
1966 11.8% 17.7% - -
1965 14% 18.1% - -
1964 12.7% 19.5% - -
1963 12.4% 21% - -
1962 10.6% 24.4% - -
1961 9.97% 26.7% - -
1960 11% 29.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/tanzania | CC BY

In 2024, Spain's government spending was $782B, accounting for 45.3% of its GDP, while Tanzania spent $15.1B, or 19.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 101.6% in Spain and 49.9% in Tanzania, ranking 21/185 and 109/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Spain

Tanzania
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Spain Tanzania
2024 -3.15% -3.03%
2023 -3.52% -3.67%
2022 -4.63% -3.92%
2021 -6.66% -3.55%
2020 -10% -2.56%
2019 -3.04% -2.06%
2018 -2.58% -2.01%
2017 -3.1% -1.14%
2016 -4.26% -2.08%
2015 -5.26% -3.17%
2014 -6.07% -2.91%
2013 -7.49% -3.76%
2012 -11.5% -4%
2011 -9.69% -3.51%
2010 -9.49% -4.74%
2009 -11.2% -4.46%
2008 -4.56% -1.92%
2007 1.88% -1.44%
2006 2.12% -3.38%
2005 1.23% -3.28%
2004 -0.1% -2.43%
2003 -0.37% -1.77%
2002 -0.32% -0.73%
2001 -0.45% -0.41%
2000 -1.16% -0.73%
1999 -1.24% -1.14%
1998 -2.63% 0.13%
1997 -3.86% -0.03%
1996 -5.87% 1.57%
1995 -6.79% -2.12%
1994 -6.31% -3.74%
1993 -6.89% -2.02%
1992 -4.26% -4.96%
1991 -4.58% 0.6%
1990 -3.9% -
1989 -3.24% -
1988 -2.95% -
1987 -3.52% -
1986 -5.18% -
1985 -6.04% -
1984 -5.25% -
1983 -4.77% -
1982 -5.76% -
1981 -2.88% -
1980 -2.55% -
1979 -1.51% -
1978 -1.63% -
1977 -0.24% -
1976 0.43% -
1975 0.26% -
1974 0.11% -
1973 1.09% -
1972 0.24% -
1971 -0.96% -
1970 0.09% -
1969 -0.06% -
1968 -0.55% -
1967 -0.32% -
1966 0.07% -
1965 -0.04% -
1964 0.18% -
1963 -0.54% -
1962 1.27% -
1961 1.9% -
1960 0.69% -
1959 0.54% -
1958 0.23% -
1957 1.13% -
1956 -0.05% -
1955 0.6% -
1954 0.7% -
1953 1.02% -
1952 0.81% -
1951 -0.24% -
1950 -0.44% -
1949 -0.35% -
1948 -1.21% -
1947 -1.09% -
1946 -2.24% -
1945 -4.56% -
1944 -5.44% -
1943 -7.73% -
1942 -2.48% -
1941 -4.34% -
1940 -3.54% -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 -0.49% -
1934 -1.17% -
1933 -0.72% -
1932 -0.3% -
1931 0.1% -
1930 0.3% -
1929 -0.07% -
1928 -0.31% -
1927 -0.54% -
1926 -0.65% -
1925 -1.19% -
1924 -1.76% -
1923 -1.89% -
1922 -2.26% -
1921 -3.33% -
1920 -2.4% -
1919 -1.82% -
1918 -1.8% -
1917 -1.49% -
1916 -1.15% -
1915 -2.97% -
1914 -1.04% -
1913 -0.09% -
1912 -0.33% -
1911 0.19% -
1910 0.09% -
1909 -0.29% -
1908 0.59% -
1907 0.66% -
1906 0.91% -
1905 0.71% -
1904 0.52% -
1903 0.28% -
1902 0.74% -
1901 0.69% -
1900 1.04% -
1899 2.75% -
1898 0.13% -
1897 -0.64% -
1896 0.46% -
1895 0.83% -
1894 -0.08% -
1893 0.87% -
1892 -0.67% -
1891 -0.41% -
1890 -0.4% -
1889 -0.38% -
1888 -0.97% -
1887 -0.73% -
1886 -0.08% -
1885 -0.78% -
1884 -0.23% -
1883 -0.38% -
1882 0.38% -
1881 0.08% -
1880 -0.02% -
1879 -0.52% -
1878 -0.08% -
1877 0.11% -
1876 0.1% -
1875 -1.42% -
1874 -0.1% -
1873 2.22% -
1872 -2.27% -
1871 -2.64% -
1870 -3.42% -
1869 -2.64% -
1868 -1.46% -
1867 -0.79% -
1866 -0.83% -
1865 -1.84% -
1864 -2.48% -
1863 -1.55% -
1862 -1.76% -
1861 -1.77% -
1860 -0.94% -
1859 0.39% -
1858 -0.44% -
1857 -0.41% -
1856 -0.46% -
1855 -0.76% -
1854 -0.32% -
1853 -0.02% -
1852 -0.11% -
1851 -0.25% -
1850 0.31% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/tanzania | CC BY

In 2024, Spain's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $54.3B, equivalent to 3.15% of GDP. This compares to Tanzania's deficit of $2.39B, or 3.03% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, Spain recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while Tanzania ran a deficit in 31 years. On average, Spain posted an annual deficit equal to 4.29% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.3% of GDP for Tanzania.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Spain

Tanzania
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Spain Tanzania
2024 2.77% 3.06%
2023 3.53% 3.8%
2022 8.39% 4.35%
2021 3.09% 3.69%
2020 -0.32% 3.29%
2019 0.7% 3.46%
2018 1.67% 3.49%
2017 1.96% 5.32%
2016 -0.2% 5.17%
2015 -0.5% 5.59%
2014 -0.15% 6.13%
2013 1.41% 7.87%
2012 2.45% 16%
2011 3.2% 12.7%
2010 1.8% 6.2%
2009 -0.29% 12.1%
2008 4.08% 10.3%
2007 2.79% 7.03%
2006 3.52% 7.25%
2005 3.37% 5.03%
2004 3.04% 4.74%
2003 3.04% 5.3%
2002 3.07% 5.32%
2001 3.59% 5.15%
2000 3.43% 5.92%
1999 2.31% 7.89%
1998 1.83% 12.8%
1997 1.97% 16.1%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/tanzania | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Spain has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.34%, compared with 6.97% in Tanzania. In 2024, inflation was 2.77% in Spain and 3.06% in Tanzania.

Top exports between countries

Spain
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $21.3M
Metals $13M
Textiles & consumer goods $7.76M
Chemicals & pharma $7.01M
Raw materials & minerals $4.28M
Wood & paper products $3.68M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.68M
Miscellaneous $2.31M
Raw agricultural goods $174K
Animal & marine products $27K
Tanzania
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $192M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $20.9M
Animal & marine products $7.65M
Raw agricultural goods $4.94M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.43M
Metals $279K
Wood & paper products $69K
Precious metals & jewellery $58K
Machinery & equipment $19K
Chemicals & pharma $2K

Balance of trade

Spain Tanzania
Current account balance
$54.9B
2024
-$2.38B
2024
Current account balance ranking
13/190
2024
147/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+3.18%
2024
-3.02%
2024
Goods imports
$456B
2024
$14.2B
2024
Goods exports
$419B
2024
$9.12B
2024
Service imports
$111B
2024
$2.8B
2024
Service exports
$220B
2024
$6.85B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.9%
2024
21.7%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
37.1%
2024
19.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Spain Tanzania
Economic freedom 66.8 59
Economic freedom ranking 59/197 106/197
Property rights 88 45.2
Government integrity 64.2 40.9
Judicial effectiveness 74.3 29.6
Tax burden 58.2 80.4
Government spending 37.3 89.1
Fiscal health 57.3 75
Business freedom 82.6 48.1
Labor freedom 61.7 62.3
Monetary freedom 78.2 73.4
Trade freedom 79.4 58.8
Investment freedom 60 55
Financial freedom 60 50

Economic freedom comparison by year

Spain
Tanzania
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Spain Tanzania
2026 66.8 59
2025 66.3 59.3
2024 63.3 59.1
2023 65 60
2022 68.2 59.5
2021 69.9 61.3
2020 66.9 61.7
2019 65.7 60.2
2018 65.1 59.9
2017 63.6 58.6
2016 68.5 58.5
2015 67.6 57.5
2014 67.2 57.8
2013 68 57.9
2012 69.1 57
2011 70.2 57
2010 69.6 58.3
2009 70.1 58.3
2008 69.1 56.5
2007 69.2 56.8
2006 68.2 58.5
2005 67 56.3
2004 68.9 60.1
2003 68.8 56.9
2002 68.8 58.3
2001 68.1 54.9
2000 65.9 56
1999 65.1 60
1998 62.6 59.6
1997 59.6 59.3
1996 59.6 57.5
1995 62.8 57.3

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/tanzania | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Spain is 66.8, ranking 59/197, compared to 59 for Tanzania, ranking 106/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Spain Tanzania
Services, % of GDP
68.9%
2024
29.6%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
19.5%
2024
28.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.75%
2024
23.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$1.64T
2024
$80.2B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$57,670
2024
$4,130
2024
Total reserves including gold
$108B
2024
$5.05B
2018
Total reserves ranking
26/177
2024
101/177
2018
Net foreign direct investment
$28.7B
2024
-$1.72B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$42.8B
2024
$1.72B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$71.5B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
2.57%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
20.2%
2022
26.4%
2018
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.2%
2024
39.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.