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Economy of Solomon Islands vs Spain compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

The Solomon Islands has a GDP of $1.58B compared to $1.73T for Spain, ranking 182/197 and 15/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Solomon Islands has $350M in government debt (22.1% of GDP), compared to $1.75T (101.6% of GDP) in Spain.

Solomon Islands vs Spain GDP by year

Solomon Islands
Spain
1x
Year GDP, current $
Solomon Islands Spain
2024 $1,583,964,704 $1,725,671,652,742
2023 $1,506,124,566 $1,619,481,980,720
2022 $1,466,670,930 $1,448,850,658,407
2021 $1,558,312,104 $1,461,244,901,853
2020 $1,536,143,428 $1,289,783,836,971
2019 $1,619,150,564 $1,403,496,387,686
2018 $1,615,473,250 $1,431,642,809,327
2017 $1,469,790,526 $1,321,754,088,819
2016 $1,379,486,291 $1,243,015,667,917
2015 $1,307,908,814 $1,206,164,777,553
2014 $1,335,576,763 $1,380,244,561,362
2013 $1,285,905,958 $1,362,186,923,158
2012 $1,185,217,634 $1,330,994,811,670
2011 $1,063,898,227 $1,487,568,659,241
2010 $898,128,551 $1,427,989,078,917
2009 $805,557,289 $1,496,587,590,848
2008 $776,335,523 $1,636,115,447,613
2007 $695,291,218 $1,476,746,276,855
2006 $617,257,458 $1,261,846,683,275
2005 $552,881,357 $1,154,667,551,776
2004 $468,000,121 $1,069,829,382,515
2003 $417,666,639 $907,963,217,058
2002 $346,406,739 $708,938,227,244
2001 $409,508,553 $627,798,682,379
2000 $419,842,674 $598,102,854,756
1999 $488,024,514 $634,394,904,387
1998 $457,579,840 $618,731,484,575
1997 $526,554,006 $589,739,772,727
1996 $510,586,430 $642,251,412,058
1995 $469,443,202 $614,170,002,669
1994 $402,837,005 $530,183,651,720
1993 $300,746,361 $524,700,572,624
1992 $269,034,596 $630,465,353,486
1991 $227,540,473 $576,753,902,322
1990 $214,877,667 $536,175,326,477
1989 $172,882,411 $414,460,794,097
1988 $176,494,394 $375,891,716,898
1987 $155,128,542 $318,520,253,335
1986 $147,620,048 $251,141,555,186
1985 $165,524,943 $180,664,322,896
1984 $181,570,474 $171,979,977,230
1983 $181,220,399 $170,829,074,246
1982 $192,902,019 $195,856,752,991
1981 $193,750,541 $202,663,023,968
1980 $182,852,107 $232,600,556,974
1979 $151,276,496 $214,448,666,336
1978 $111,027,427 $160,484,969,618
1977 $93,145,283 $132,354,665,936
1976 $83,100,834 $118,422,534,195
1975 $74,620,320 $114,695,060,870
1974 $84,539,332 $97,204,522,642
1973 $55,272,109 $78,583,355,226
1972 $40,606,712 $59,090,176,029
1971 $50,056,883 $46,586,119,760
1970 - $40,963,715,237
1969 $28,606,411 $37,090,689,288
1968 $28,084,253 $32,394,326,464
1967 $25,203,524 $32,570,905,397
1966 - $29,559,436,183
1965 - $25,479,619,607
1964 - $21,966,876,027
1963 - $19,631,714,760
1962 - $16,609,632,791
1961 - $14,238,126,760
1960 - $12,424,514,014

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/solomon-islands/spain | CC BY

GDP per capita in Solomon Islands vs Spain by year

Solomon Islands
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Spain
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Solomon Islands Spain
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $1,934 $2,675 $35,327 $57,965
2023 $1,883 $2,597 $33,493 $55,682
2022 $1,878 $2,496 $30,319 $51,399
2021 $2,043 $2,450 $30,799 $44,252
2020 $2,063 $2,405 $27,234 $39,328
2019 $2,224 $2,512 $29,787 $44,043
2018 $2,278 $2,494 $30,602 $41,015
2017 $2,144 $2,454 $28,381 $39,825
2016 $2,083 $2,421 $26,756 $37,613
2015 $2,045 $2,354 $25,982 $35,229
2014 $2,165 $2,377 $29,708 $33,761
2013 $2,161 $2,394 $29,229 $32,614
2012 $2,066 $2,320 $28,456 $31,870
2011 $1,924 $2,306 $31,825 $32,016
2010 $1,685 $2,182 $30,659 $31,805
2009 $1,555 $2,021 $32,280 $32,218
2008 $1,526 $1,989 $35,603 $33,350
2007 $1,390 $1,869 $32,652 $32,536
2006 $1,256 $1,786 $28,422 $30,749
2005 $1,144 $1,693 $26,451 $27,630
2004 $986 $1,556 $24,925 $26,160
2003 $896 $1,433 $21,522 $25,057
2002 $757 $1,344 $17,111 $24,378
2001 $912 $1,387 $15,368 $22,952
2000 $953 $1,503 $14,743 $21,582
1999 $1,134 $1,754 $15,708 $19,938
1998 $1,092 $1,785 $15,382 $19,083
1997 $1,292 $1,793 $14,722 $17,903
1996 $1,289 $1,830 $16,101 $16,971
1995 $1,220 $1,820 $15,461 $16,276
1994 $1,078 $1,668 $13,406 $15,582
1993 $829 $1,556 $13,330 $14,973
1992 $764 $1,505 $16,101 $14,855
1991 $666 $1,346 $14,801 $14,461
1990 $648 $1,266 $13,795 $13,676
1989 $538 - $10,674 -
1988 $567 - $9,696 -
1987 $515 - $8,234 -
1986 $506 - $6,509 -
1985 $586 - $4,696 -
1984 $665 - $4,487 -
1983 $686 - $4,475 -
1982 $756 - $5,156 -
1981 $786 - $5,367 -
1980 $768 - $6,204 -
1979 $658 - $5,766 -
1978 $500 - $4,353 -
1977 $434 - $3,625 -
1976 $401 - $3,277 -
1975 $372 - $3,208 -
1974 $433 - $2,748 -
1973 $291.3 - $2,246 -
1972 $219.5 - $1,708 -
1971 $277.1 - $1,361 -
1970 - - $1,211 -
1969 $165.9 - $1,109 -
1968 $166.9 - $978 -
1967 $153.5 - $997 -
1966 - - $916 -
1965 - - $797 -
1964 - - $695 -
1963 - - $627 -
1962 - - $535 -
1961 - - $463 -
1960 - - $408 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/solomon-islands/spain | CC BY

The Solomon Islands' GDP per capita is $1,934, ranking 157/197, compared to $35,327 in Spain, ranking 32/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Solomon Islands ranks 183rd at $2,675, while Spain ranks 34th at $57,965.

Economic indicators

Solomon Islands Spain
Gross domestic product
$1.58B
2024
$1.73T
2024
GDP rank
182/197
2024
15/197
2024
GDP growth
3%
2023-2024
3.46%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$1,934
2024
$35,327
2024
GDP per capita rank
157/197
2024
32/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$2,675
2024
$57,965
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
183/197
2024
34/197
2024
Government debt
$350M
2024
$1.75T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
22.1%
2024
101.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$427
2024
$35,909
2024
Government debt per person rank
169/185
2024
20/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,776
2026
$25,470
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$754B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
1,202,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
34
2025
Income share by richest 10%
29.2%
2012
24.5%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2012
2.2%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
35.8%
2024
45.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.32%
2023-2024
2.77%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
0.69%
2013
11.3%
2024
Population
863951
48806901

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Solomon Islands
Spending

Debt
Spain
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Solomon Islands Spain
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 35.8% 22.1% 45.3% 101.6%
2023 40.1% 20.3% 45.5% 105.1%
2022 40.8% 15.5% 46.4% 109.2%
2021 37.8% 15.9% 49.5% 115.6%
2020 40.4% 12.8% 51.4% 119.2%
2019 35.6% 7.82% 42% 97.6%
2018 34.8% 7.95% 41.5% 99.7%
2017 40.4% 8.77% 41% 101.1%
2016 39.6% 7.54% 42.1% 102%
2015 41.5% 7.88% 43.7% 102.4%
2014 39.8% 10.1% 45.1% 104.4%
2013 41.8% 11.6% 46.2% 100%
2012 29.4% 13.3% 49.2% 89.6%
2011 27% 18.3% 45.9% 69.5%
2010 23.9% 22.9% 45.8% 60.3%
2009 24.8% 18.9% 46.1% 53.1%
2008 27% 28.9% 41.3% 39.6%
2007 23.7% 33% 39.2% 35.7%
2006 19.9% 42.3% 38.4% 39%
2005 17% 44.7% 38.4% 42.4%
2004 14.7% 58.2% 38.8% 45.3%
2003 14.9% 61.3% 38.4% 47.7%
2002 16.7% 65.7% 38.6% 51.2%
2001 18.1% 52.8% 38.4% 54.1%
2000 18.7% 44.3% 39.1% 57.8%
1999 18.7% 42% 40% 60.9%
1998 15.5% 39.5% 41% 62.4%
1997 19.3% 25.9% 41.5% 64.3%
1996 24.2% - 42.9% 65.4%
1995 24.7% - 44.1% 61.6%
1994 30.2% - 44.8% 57%
1993 33.2% - 46.3% 54.6%
1992 35.1% - 43.9% 44.1%
1991 39.4% - 42.6% 41.9%
1990 30% - 41.1% 41.3%
1989 - - 32.1% 39.2%
1988 - - 28.6% 38.2%
1987 - - 31.1% 42.1%
1986 - - 28.4% 36.5%
1985 - - 27.6% 31.5%
1984 - - 27% 18.3%
1983 - - 26% 13.4%
1982 - - 21.5% 12%
1981 - - 18.1% 10.9%
1980 - - 16.3% 10.2%
1979 - - 14.3% 9.88%
1978 - - 14.3% 9.93%
1977 - - 12.8% 8.75%
1976 - - 11.5% 8.21%
1975 - - 11.4% 11.9%
1974 - - 11.4% 13.6%
1973 - - 9.88% 16.3%
1972 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1971 - - 14% 17.9%
1970 - - 12.3% 19.2%
1969 - - 12.3% 18.8%
1968 - - 12.8% 18.3%
1967 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1966 - - 11.8% 17.7%
1965 - - 14% 18.1%
1964 - - 12.7% 19.5%
1963 - - 12.4% 21%
1962 - - 10.6% 24.4%
1961 - - 9.97% 26.7%
1960 - - 11% 29.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/solomon-islands/spain | CC BY

In 2024, the Solomon Islands' government spending was $567M, accounting for 35.8% of its GDP, while Spain spent $782B, or 45.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 22.1% in the Solomon Islands and 101.6% in Spain, ranking 173/185 and 21/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Solomon Islands

Spain
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Solomon Islands Spain
2024 -3.08% -3.15%
2023 -3.81% -3.52%
2022 -2.51% -4.63%
2021 -1.86% -6.66%
2020 -2.44% -10%
2019 -1.52% -3.04%
2018 1.49% -2.58%
2017 -2.27% -3.1%
2016 -3.56% -4.26%
2015 0.81% -5.26%
2014 2.13% -6.07%
2013 3.57% -7.49%
2012 4.63% -11.5%
2011 6.22% -9.69%
2010 6.02% -9.49%
2009 2.35% -11.2%
2008 1.94% -4.56%
2007 15.3% 1.88%
2006 13% 2.12%
2005 13.4% 1.23%
2004 17% -0.1%
2003 10.6% -0.37%
2002 -4.35% -0.32%
2001 -2.4% -0.45%
2000 -2.93% -1.16%
1999 -0.32% -1.24%
1998 5.04% -2.63%
1997 2.14% -3.86%
1996 3.73% -5.87%
1995 3.19% -6.79%
1994 4.33% -6.31%
1993 2.45% -6.89%
1992 4.13% -4.26%
1991 0.14% -4.58%
1990 0.58% -3.9%
1989 - -3.24%
1988 - -2.95%
1987 - -3.52%
1986 - -5.18%
1985 - -6.04%
1984 - -5.25%
1983 - -4.77%
1982 - -5.76%
1981 - -2.88%
1980 - -2.55%
1979 - -1.51%
1978 - -1.63%
1977 - -0.24%
1976 - 0.43%
1975 - 0.26%
1974 - 0.11%
1973 - 1.09%
1972 - 0.24%
1971 - -0.96%
1970 - 0.09%
1969 - -0.06%
1968 - -0.55%
1967 - -0.32%
1966 - 0.07%
1965 - -0.04%
1964 - 0.18%
1963 - -0.54%
1962 - 1.27%
1961 - 1.9%
1960 - 0.69%
1959 - 0.54%
1958 - 0.23%
1957 - 1.13%
1956 - -0.05%
1955 - 0.6%
1954 - 0.7%
1953 - 1.02%
1952 - 0.81%
1951 - -0.24%
1950 - -0.44%
1949 - -0.35%
1948 - -1.21%
1947 - -1.09%
1946 - -2.24%
1945 - -4.56%
1944 - -5.44%
1943 - -7.73%
1942 - -2.48%
1941 - -4.34%
1940 - -3.54%
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -0.49%
1934 - -1.17%
1933 - -0.72%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.1%
1930 - 0.3%
1929 - -0.07%
1928 - -0.31%
1927 - -0.54%
1926 - -0.65%
1925 - -1.19%
1924 - -1.76%
1923 - -1.89%
1922 - -2.26%
1921 - -3.33%
1920 - -2.4%
1919 - -1.82%
1918 - -1.8%
1917 - -1.49%
1916 - -1.15%
1915 - -2.97%
1914 - -1.04%
1913 - -0.09%
1912 - -0.33%
1911 - 0.19%
1910 - 0.09%
1909 - -0.29%
1908 - 0.59%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.91%
1905 - 0.71%
1904 - 0.52%
1903 - 0.28%
1902 - 0.74%
1901 - 0.69%
1900 - 1.04%
1899 - 2.75%
1898 - 0.13%
1897 - -0.64%
1896 - 0.46%
1895 - 0.83%
1894 - -0.08%
1893 - 0.87%
1892 - -0.67%
1891 - -0.41%
1890 - -0.4%
1889 - -0.38%
1888 - -0.97%
1887 - -0.73%
1886 - -0.08%
1885 - -0.78%
1884 - -0.23%
1883 - -0.38%
1882 - 0.38%
1881 - 0.08%
1880 - -0.02%
1879 - -0.52%
1878 - -0.08%
1877 - 0.11%
1876 - 0.1%
1875 - -1.42%
1874 - -0.1%
1873 - 2.22%
1872 - -2.27%
1871 - -2.64%
1870 - -3.42%
1869 - -2.64%
1868 - -1.46%
1867 - -0.79%
1866 - -0.83%
1865 - -1.84%
1864 - -2.48%
1863 - -1.55%
1862 - -1.76%
1861 - -1.77%
1860 - -0.94%
1859 - 0.39%
1858 - -0.44%
1857 - -0.41%
1856 - -0.46%
1855 - -0.76%
1854 - -0.32%
1853 - -0.02%
1852 - -0.11%
1851 - -0.25%
1850 - 0.31%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/solomon-islands/spain | CC BY

In 2024, the Solomon Islands' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $48.8M, equivalent to 3.08% of GDP. This compares to Spain's deficit of $54.3B, or 3.15% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, the Solomon Islands recorded a fiscal deficit in 12 of those years, while Spain ran a deficit in 32 years. On average, the Solomon Islands posted an annual surplus equal to 2.66% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.28% of GDP for Spain.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Solomon Islands

Spain
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Solomon Islands Spain
2024 4.32% 2.77%
2023 5.89% 3.53%
2022 5.52% 8.39%
2021 -0.12% 3.09%
2020 2.96% -0.32%
2019 1.63% 0.7%
2018 3.46% 1.67%
2017 0.49% 1.96%
2016 0.51% -0.2%
2015 -0.57% -0.5%
2014 5.17% -0.15%
2013 5.39% 1.41%
2012 5.91% 2.45%
2011 7.34% 3.2%
2010 1.05% 1.8%
2009 7.09% -0.29%
2008 17.3% 4.08%
2007 7.67% 2.79%
2006 11.2% 3.52%
2005 7.33% 3.37%
2004 6.99% 3.04%
2003 8.27% 3.04%
2002 10.9% 3.07%
2001 6.93% 3.59%
2000 7.89% 3.43%
1999 8.02% 2.31%
1998 12.4% 1.83%
1997 8.08% 1.97%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/solomon-islands/spain | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, the Solomon Islands has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.04%, compared with 2.34% in Spain. In 2024, inflation was 4.32% in the Solomon Islands and 2.77% in Spain.

Top exports between countries

Solomon Islands
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.62M
Animal & marine products $142K
Spain
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $637K
Machinery & equipment $117K
Textiles & consumer goods $117K
Metals $79K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $66K
Chemicals & pharma $12K
Miscellaneous $1K
Wood & paper products $1K

Balance of trade

Solomon Islands Spain
Current account balance
-$66.2M
2024
$54.9B
2024
Current account balance ranking
87/190
2024
13/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-4.18%
2024
+3.18%
2024
Goods imports
$609M
2024
$456B
2024
Goods exports
$510M
2024
$419B
2024
Service imports
$248M
2024
$111B
2024
Service exports
$133M
2024
$220B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
70.8%
2024
32.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
40.6%
2024
37.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Solomon Islands Spain
Economic freedom 53.7 66.8
Economic freedom ranking 137/197 59/197
Property rights 55.8 88
Government integrity 42.7 64.2
Judicial effectiveness 59.1 74.3
Tax burden 71.3 58.2
Government spending 54.6 37.3
Fiscal health 83.3 57.3
Business freedom 52.3 82.6
Labor freedom 60.4 61.7
Monetary freedom 76.5 78.2
Trade freedom 43.6 79.4
Investment freedom 15 60
Financial freedom 30 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Solomon Islands
Spain
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Solomon Islands Spain
2026 53.7 66.8
2025 56.3 66.3
2024 55 63.3
2023 56.9 65
2022 56.5 68.2
2021 56.5 69.9
2020 52.9 66.9
2019 54.6 65.7
2018 57.5 65.1
2017 55 63.6
2016 47 68.5
2015 47 67.6
2014 46.2 67.2
2013 45 68
2012 46.2 69.1
2011 45.9 70.2
2010 42.9 69.6
2009 46 70.1
2008 - 69.1
2007 - 69.2
2006 - 68.2
2005 - 67
2004 - 68.9
2003 - 68.8
2002 - 68.8
2001 - 68.1
2000 - 65.9
1999 - 65.1
1998 - 62.6
1997 - 59.6
1996 - 59.6
1995 - 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/solomon-islands/spain | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Solomon Islands is 53.7, ranking 137/197, compared to 66.8 for Spain, ranking 59/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Solomon Islands Spain
Services, % of GDP
46.9%
2024
68.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
23.4%
2024
19.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
29.7%
2024
2.75%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$1.57B
2024
$1.64T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$2,680
2024
$57,670
2024
Total reserves including gold
$688M
2023
$108B
2024
Total reserves ranking
149/177
2023
26/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$19.9M
2024
$28.7B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$33M
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$52.9M
2024
$71.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
1.64%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.7%
2012
20.2%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
19.5%
2024
21.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/solomon-islands/spain | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2018–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.