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Economy of Kyrgyzstan vs Spain compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Kyrgyzstan has a GDP of $17.5B compared to $1.73T for Spain, ranking 135/197 and 15/197 by economy size, respectively.

Kyrgyzstan has $6.56B in government debt (37.5% of GDP), compared to $1.75T (101.6% of GDP) in Spain.

Kyrgyzstan vs Spain GDP by year

Kyrgyzstan
Spain
1x
Year GDP, current $
Kyrgyzstan Spain
2024 $17,478,259,659 $1,725,671,652,742
2023 $15,180,842,369 $1,619,481,980,720
2022 $12,134,931,018 $1,448,850,658,407
2021 $9,249,133,946 $1,461,244,901,853
2020 $8,270,468,614 $1,289,783,836,971
2019 $9,371,275,264 $1,403,496,387,686
2018 $8,271,106,235 $1,431,642,809,327
2017 $7,702,938,379 $1,321,754,088,819
2016 $6,813,095,379 $1,243,015,667,917
2015 $6,678,177,512 $1,206,164,777,553
2014 $7,468,102,413 $1,380,244,561,362
2013 $7,335,033,801 $1,362,186,923,158
2012 $6,605,142,884 $1,330,994,811,670
2011 $6,197,765,984 $1,487,568,659,241
2010 $4,794,361,863 $1,427,989,078,917
2009 $4,690,061,381 $1,496,587,590,848
2008 $5,139,958,909 $1,636,115,447,613
2007 $3,802,570,553 $1,476,746,276,855
2006 $2,834,168,889 $1,261,846,683,275
2005 $2,460,246,766 $1,154,667,551,776
2004 $2,211,534,585 $1,069,829,382,515
2003 $1,919,008,090 $907,963,217,058
2002 $1,605,643,105 $708,938,227,244
2001 $1,525,116,370 $627,798,682,379
2000 $1,369,688,498 $598,102,854,756
1999 $1,249,061,487 $634,394,904,387
1998 $1,645,963,750 $618,731,484,575
1997 $1,767,864,036 $589,739,772,727
1996 $1,827,570,586 $642,251,412,058
1995 $1,661,147,035 $614,170,002,669
1994 $1,681,780,847 $530,183,651,720
1993 $2,026,019,253 $524,700,572,624
1992 $2,315,346,943 $630,465,353,486
1991 $2,542,256,424 $576,753,902,322
1990 $2,660,202,623 $536,175,326,477
1989 - $414,460,794,097
1988 - $375,891,716,898
1987 - $318,520,253,335
1986 - $251,141,555,186
1985 - $180,664,322,896
1984 - $171,979,977,230
1983 - $170,829,074,246
1982 - $195,856,752,991
1981 - $202,663,023,968
1980 - $232,600,556,974
1979 - $214,448,666,336
1978 - $160,484,969,618
1977 - $132,354,665,936
1976 - $118,422,534,195
1975 - $114,695,060,870
1974 - $97,204,522,642
1973 - $78,583,355,226
1972 - $59,090,176,029
1971 - $46,586,119,760
1970 - $40,963,715,237
1969 - $37,090,689,288
1968 - $32,394,326,464
1967 - $32,570,905,397
1966 - $29,559,436,183
1965 - $25,479,619,607
1964 - $21,966,876,027
1963 - $19,631,714,760
1962 - $16,609,632,791
1961 - $14,238,126,760
1960 - $12,424,514,014

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/kyrgyzstan/spain | CC BY

GDP per capita in Kyrgyzstan vs Spain by year

Kyrgyzstan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Spain
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Kyrgyzstan Spain
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $2,420 $8,012 $35,327 $57,965
2023 $2,138 $7,298 $33,493 $55,682
2022 $1,740 $6,578 $30,319 $51,399
2021 $1,350 $5,736 $30,799 $44,252
2020 $1,230 $5,179 $27,234 $39,328
2019 $1,422 $5,304 $29,787 $44,043
2018 $1,284 $4,778 $30,602 $41,015
2017 $1,221 $4,954 $28,381 $39,825
2016 $1,103 $4,604 $26,756 $37,613
2015 $1,106 $4,153 $25,982 $35,229
2014 $1,265 $4,228 $29,708 $33,761
2013 $1,270 $4,001 $29,229 $32,614
2012 $1,169 $3,589 $28,456 $31,870
2011 $1,117 $3,278 $31,825 $32,016
2010 $877 $3,076 $30,659 $31,805
2009 $870 $3,097 $32,280 $32,218
2008 $966 $3,031 $35,603 $33,350
2007 $722 $2,770 $32,652 $32,536
2006 $543 $2,508 $28,422 $30,749
2005 $477 $2,386 $26,451 $27,630
2004 $433 $2,343 $24,925 $26,160
2003 $381 $2,158 $21,522 $25,057
2002 $322 $1,998 $17,111 $24,378
2001 $308 $1,986 $15,368 $22,952
2000 $279.6 $1,862 $14,743 $21,582
1999 $258 $1,747 $15,708 $19,938
1998 $345 $1,687 $15,382 $19,083
1997 $376 $1,659 $14,722 $17,903
1996 $395 $1,505 $16,101 $16,971
1995 $364 $1,401 $15,461 $16,276
1994 $372 $1,466 $13,406 $15,582
1993 $449 $1,795 $13,330 $14,973
1992 $513 $2,075 $16,101 $14,855
1991 $570 $2,382 $14,801 $14,461
1990 $606 $2,544 $13,795 $13,676
1989 - - $10,674 -
1988 - - $9,696 -
1987 - - $8,234 -
1986 - - $6,509 -
1985 - - $4,696 -
1984 - - $4,487 -
1983 - - $4,475 -
1982 - - $5,156 -
1981 - - $5,367 -
1980 - - $6,204 -
1979 - - $5,766 -
1978 - - $4,353 -
1977 - - $3,625 -
1976 - - $3,277 -
1975 - - $3,208 -
1974 - - $2,748 -
1973 - - $2,246 -
1972 - - $1,708 -
1971 - - $1,361 -
1970 - - $1,211 -
1969 - - $1,109 -
1968 - - $978 -
1967 - - $997 -
1966 - - $916 -
1965 - - $797 -
1964 - - $695 -
1963 - - $627 -
1962 - - $535 -
1961 - - $463 -
1960 - - $408 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/kyrgyzstan/spain | CC BY

Kyrgyzstan's GDP per capita is $2,420, ranking 150/197, compared to $35,327 in Spain, ranking 32/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Kyrgyzstan ranks 141st at $8,012, while Spain ranks 34th at $57,965.

Economic indicators

Kyrgyzstan Spain
Gross domestic product
$17.5B
2024
$1.73T
2024
GDP rank
135/197
2024
15/197
2024
GDP growth
9.04%
2023-2024
3.46%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,420
2024
$35,327
2024
GDP per capita rank
150/197
2024
32/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$8,012
2024
$57,965
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
141/197
2024
34/197
2024
Government debt
$6.56B
2024
$1.75T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
37.5%
2024
101.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$908
2024
$35,909
2024
Government debt per person rank
144/185
2024
20/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,187
2026
$25,470
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$754B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
1,202,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
34
2025
Income share by richest 10%
23%
2023
24.5%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
4.3%
2023
2.2%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
45.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
5%
2023-2024
2.77%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
10%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
3.5%
2023
11.3%
2024
Population
7471102
48806901

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Kyrgyzstan
Spending

Debt
Spain
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Kyrgyzstan Spain
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 33.7% 37.5% 45.3% 101.6%
2023 32.9% 42% 45.5% 105.1%
2022 35% 46.8% 46.4% 109.2%
2021 32.1% 56.2% 49.5% 115.6%
2020 32.1% 63.6% 51.4% 119.2%
2019 30.8% 48.8% 42% 97.6%
2018 33.1% 54.8% 41.5% 99.7%
2017 37% 58.8% 41% 101.1%
2016 38.9% 59.1% 42.1% 102%
2015 38.1% 67.1% 43.7% 102.4%
2014 38.5% 53.6% 45.1% 104.4%
2013 38.1% 47.1% 46.2% 100%
2012 40.6% 50.5% 49.2% 89.6%
2011 37.4% 50.1% 45.9% 69.5%
2010 37.1% 59.7% 45.8% 60.3%
2009 32.5% 58.5% 46.1% 53.1%
2008 27.9% 49% 41.3% 39.6%
2007 29.6% 57.7% 39.2% 35.7%
2006 29.1% 73.4% 38.4% 39%
2005 29.1% 85.7% 38.4% 42.4%
2004 28.5% 92.7% 38.8% 45.3%
2003 28.1% 108.2% 38.4% 47.7%
2002 29.3% 107.9% 38.6% 51.2%
2001 28.1% 108.2% 38.4% 54.1%
2000 30.2% 123.3% 39.1% 57.8%
1999 35.9% 119.6% 40% 60.9%
1998 35.9% 85.1% 41% 62.4%
1997 31.1% 64.8% 41.5% 64.3%
1996 28.6% 57.7% 42.9% 65.4%
1995 37.9% 52.4% 44.1% 61.6%
1994 - - 44.8% 57%
1993 - - 46.3% 54.6%
1992 - - 43.9% 44.1%
1991 - - 42.6% 41.9%
1990 - - 41.1% 41.3%
1989 - - 32.1% 39.2%
1988 - - 28.6% 38.2%
1987 - - 31.1% 42.1%
1986 - - 28.4% 36.5%
1985 - - 27.6% 31.5%
1984 - - 27% 18.3%
1983 - - 26% 13.4%
1982 - - 21.5% 12%
1981 - - 18.1% 10.9%
1980 - - 16.3% 10.2%
1979 - - 14.3% 9.88%
1978 - - 14.3% 9.93%
1977 - - 12.8% 8.75%
1976 - - 11.5% 8.21%
1975 - - 11.4% 11.9%
1974 - - 11.4% 13.6%
1973 - - 9.88% 16.3%
1972 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1971 - - 14% 17.9%
1970 - - 12.3% 19.2%
1969 - - 12.3% 18.8%
1968 - - 12.8% 18.3%
1967 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1966 - - 11.8% 17.7%
1965 - - 14% 18.1%
1964 - - 12.7% 19.5%
1963 - - 12.4% 21%
1962 - - 10.6% 24.4%
1961 - - 9.97% 26.7%
1960 - - 11% 29.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/kyrgyzstan/spain | CC BY

In 2024, Kyrgyzstan's government spending was $5.89B, accounting for 33.7% of its GDP, while Spain spent $782B, or 45.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 37.5% in Kyrgyzstan and 101.6% in Spain, ranking 140/185 and 21/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Kyrgyzstan

Spain
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Kyrgyzstan Spain
2024 1.87% -3.15%
2023 1.59% -3.52%
2022 -0.29% -4.63%
2021 -0.71% -6.66%
2020 -3.06% -10%
2019 -0.07% -3.04%
2018 -0.59% -2.58%
2017 -3.73% -3.1%
2016 -5.79% -4.26%
2015 -2.52% -5.26%
2014 -3.07% -6.07%
2013 -3.7% -7.49%
2012 -5.86% -11.5%
2011 -4.7% -9.69%
2010 -5.95% -9.49%
2009 0.38% -11.2%
2008 1.92% -4.56%
2007 1.28% 1.88%
2006 -2.1% 2.12%
2005 -3.79% 1.23%
2004 -4.89% -0.1%
2003 -5.17% -0.37%
2002 -5.9% -0.32%
2001 -6.75% -0.45%
2000 -10.7% -1.16%
1999 -13.5% -1.24%
1998 -12% -2.63%
1997 -9.3% -3.86%
1996 -9.1% -5.87%
1995 -13.5% -6.79%
1994 - -6.31%
1993 - -6.89%
1992 - -4.26%
1991 - -4.58%
1990 - -3.9%
1989 - -3.24%
1988 - -2.95%
1987 - -3.52%
1986 - -5.18%
1985 - -6.04%
1984 - -5.25%
1983 - -4.77%
1982 - -5.76%
1981 - -2.88%
1980 - -2.55%
1979 - -1.51%
1978 - -1.63%
1977 - -0.24%
1976 - 0.43%
1975 - 0.26%
1974 - 0.11%
1973 - 1.09%
1972 - 0.24%
1971 - -0.96%
1970 - 0.09%
1969 - -0.06%
1968 - -0.55%
1967 - -0.32%
1966 - 0.07%
1965 - -0.04%
1964 - 0.18%
1963 - -0.54%
1962 - 1.27%
1961 - 1.9%
1960 - 0.69%
1959 - 0.54%
1958 - 0.23%
1957 - 1.13%
1956 - -0.05%
1955 - 0.6%
1954 - 0.7%
1953 - 1.02%
1952 - 0.81%
1951 - -0.24%
1950 - -0.44%
1949 - -0.35%
1948 - -1.21%
1947 - -1.09%
1946 - -2.24%
1945 - -4.56%
1944 - -5.44%
1943 - -7.73%
1942 - -2.48%
1941 - -4.34%
1940 - -3.54%
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -0.49%
1934 - -1.17%
1933 - -0.72%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.1%
1930 - 0.3%
1929 - -0.07%
1928 - -0.31%
1927 - -0.54%
1926 - -0.65%
1925 - -1.19%
1924 - -1.76%
1923 - -1.89%
1922 - -2.26%
1921 - -3.33%
1920 - -2.4%
1919 - -1.82%
1918 - -1.8%
1917 - -1.49%
1916 - -1.15%
1915 - -2.97%
1914 - -1.04%
1913 - -0.09%
1912 - -0.33%
1911 - 0.19%
1910 - 0.09%
1909 - -0.29%
1908 - 0.59%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.91%
1905 - 0.71%
1904 - 0.52%
1903 - 0.28%
1902 - 0.74%
1901 - 0.69%
1900 - 1.04%
1899 - 2.75%
1898 - 0.13%
1897 - -0.64%
1896 - 0.46%
1895 - 0.83%
1894 - -0.08%
1893 - 0.87%
1892 - -0.67%
1891 - -0.41%
1890 - -0.4%
1889 - -0.38%
1888 - -0.97%
1887 - -0.73%
1886 - -0.08%
1885 - -0.78%
1884 - -0.23%
1883 - -0.38%
1882 - 0.38%
1881 - 0.08%
1880 - -0.02%
1879 - -0.52%
1878 - -0.08%
1877 - 0.11%
1876 - 0.1%
1875 - -1.42%
1874 - -0.1%
1873 - 2.22%
1872 - -2.27%
1871 - -2.64%
1870 - -3.42%
1869 - -2.64%
1868 - -1.46%
1867 - -0.79%
1866 - -0.83%
1865 - -1.84%
1864 - -2.48%
1863 - -1.55%
1862 - -1.76%
1861 - -1.77%
1860 - -0.94%
1859 - 0.39%
1858 - -0.44%
1857 - -0.41%
1856 - -0.46%
1855 - -0.76%
1854 - -0.32%
1853 - -0.02%
1852 - -0.11%
1851 - -0.25%
1850 - 0.31%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/kyrgyzstan/spain | CC BY

In 2024, Kyrgyzstan's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $327M, equivalent to 1.87% of GDP. This compares to Spain's deficit of $54.3B, or 3.15% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Kyrgyzstan recorded a fiscal deficit in 25 of those years, while Spain ran a deficit in 27 years. On average, Kyrgyzstan posted an annual deficit equal to 4.32% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.13% of GDP for Spain.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Kyrgyzstan

Spain
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Kyrgyzstan Spain
2024 5% 2.77%
2023 10.8% 3.53%
2022 13.9% 8.39%
2021 11.9% 3.09%
2020 6.3% -0.32%
2019 1.1% 0.7%
2018 1.5% 1.67%
2017 3.2% 1.96%
2016 0.4% -0.2%
2015 6.5% -0.5%
2014 7.5% -0.15%
2013 6.6% 1.41%
2012 2.8% 2.45%
2011 16.6% 3.2%
2010 8% 1.8%
2009 6.8% -0.29%
2008 24.5% 4.08%
2007 10.2% 2.79%
2006 5.6% 3.52%
2005 4.3% 3.37%
2004 4.1% 3.04%
2003 3% 3.04%
2002 2.1% 3.07%
2001 6.9% 3.59%
2000 19.7% 3.43%
1999 35.9% 2.31%
1998 10.5% 1.83%
1997 23.4% 1.97%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/kyrgyzstan/spain | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Kyrgyzstan has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 9.25%, compared with 2.34% in Spain. In 2024, inflation was 5% in Kyrgyzstan and 2.77% in Spain.

Top exports between countries

Kyrgyzstan
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $5.23M
Raw agricultural goods $216K
Animal & marine products $52K
Raw materials & minerals $23K
Precious metals & jewellery $19K
Metals $12K
Textiles & consumer goods $11K
Wood & paper products $2K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1K
Spain
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $15.3M
Chemicals & pharma $4.94M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.39M
Raw materials & minerals $2.13M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.24M
Wood & paper products $778K
Metals $568K
Raw agricultural goods $369K
Animal & marine products $231K
Precious metals & jewellery $224K

Balance of trade

Kyrgyzstan Spain
Current account balance
-$5.18B
2022
$54.9B
2024
Current account balance ranking
167/190
2022
13/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-42.7%
2022
+3.18%
2024
Goods imports
$9.17B
2022
$456B
2024
Goods exports
$2.25B
2022
$419B
2024
Service imports
$1.48B
2022
$111B
2024
Service exports
$1.37B
2022
$220B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
84.2%
2024
32.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
43.4%
2024
37.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Kyrgyzstan Spain
Economic freedom 56 66.8
Economic freedom ranking 126/197 59/197
Property rights 22.9 88
Government integrity 23.9 64.2
Judicial effectiveness 8.3 74.3
Tax burden 93.2 58.2
Government spending 65.6 37.3
Fiscal health 97.2 57.3
Business freedom 58.2 82.6
Labor freedom 52.3 61.7
Monetary freedom 68 78.2
Trade freedom 72.6 79.4
Investment freedom 60 60
Financial freedom 50 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Kyrgyzstan
Spain
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Kyrgyzstan Spain
2026 56 66.8
2025 55.6 66.3
2024 55.2 63.3
2023 55.8 65
2022 55.8 68.2
2021 63.7 69.9
2020 62.9 66.9
2019 62.3 65.7
2018 62.8 65.1
2017 61.1 63.6
2016 59.6 68.5
2015 61.3 67.6
2014 61.1 67.2
2013 59.6 68
2012 60.2 69.1
2011 61.1 70.2
2010 61.3 69.6
2009 61.8 70.1
2008 61.1 69.1
2007 60.2 69.2
2006 61 68.2
2005 56.6 67
2004 58 68.9
2003 56.8 68.8
2002 51.7 68.8
2001 53.7 68.1
2000 55.7 65.9
1999 54.8 65.1
1998 51.8 62.6
1997 - 59.6
1996 - 59.6
1995 - 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/kyrgyzstan/spain | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Kyrgyzstan is 56, ranking 126/197, compared to 66.8 for Spain, ranking 59/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Kyrgyzstan Spain
Services, % of GDP
52.1%
2024
68.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.7%
2024
19.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
8.61%
2024
2.75%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$15.8B
2024
$1.64T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$7,900
2024
$57,670
2024
Total reserves including gold
$5.09B
2024
$108B
2024
Total reserves ranking
100/177
2024
26/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$509M
2022
$28.7B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$705M
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$20M
2024
$71.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
4.74%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
25.7%
2024
20.2%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
29.8%
2024
21.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.