Japan has a GDP of $4.44T compared to $1.91T for Spain, ranking 4/197 and 12/197 by economy size, respectively.
Japan has $9.16T in government debt (206.5% of GDP), compared to $1.91T (100.4% of GDP) in Spain.
Japan vs Spain GDP by year
| Year | GDP, current $ | |
|---|---|---|
Japan
|
Spain
|
|
| 2025 | $4,435,162,999,977 | $1,906,453,309,986 |
| 2024 | $4,190,008,188,359 | $1,725,671,652,742 |
| 2023 | $4,384,854,269,962 | $1,619,481,980,720 |
| 2022 | $4,447,976,207,315 | $1,448,850,658,407 |
| 2021 | $5,225,933,520,753 | $1,461,244,901,853 |
| 2020 | $5,189,197,543,645 | $1,289,783,836,971 |
| 2019 | $5,245,755,000,479 | $1,403,496,387,686 |
| 2018 | $5,154,293,721,630 | $1,431,642,809,327 |
| 2017 | $5,038,231,631,661 | $1,321,754,088,819 |
| 2016 | $5,110,357,383,254 | $1,243,015,667,917 |
| 2015 | $4,534,438,580,495 | $1,206,164,777,553 |
| 2014 | $4,985,763,289,561 | $1,380,244,561,362 |
| 2013 | $5,272,297,037,397 | $1,362,186,923,158 |
| 2012 | $6,333,803,928,788 | $1,330,994,811,670 |
| 2011 | $6,279,422,550,219 | $1,487,568,659,241 |
| 2010 | $5,811,578,109,447 | $1,427,989,078,917 |
| 2009 | $5,336,765,697,589 | $1,496,587,590,848 |
| 2008 | $5,160,197,175,876 | $1,636,115,447,613 |
| 2007 | $4,624,670,179,655 | $1,476,746,276,855 |
| 2006 | $4,648,058,930,707 | $1,261,846,683,275 |
| 2005 | $4,875,648,486,366 | $1,154,667,551,776 |
| 2004 | $4,941,485,123,807 | $1,069,829,382,515 |
| 2003 | $4,573,413,206,709 | $907,963,217,058 |
| 2002 | $4,245,946,980,572 | $708,938,227,244 |
| 2001 | $4,438,792,748,062 | $627,798,682,379 |
| 2000 | $5,042,381,838,343 | $598,102,854,756 |
| 1999 | $4,688,983,449,627 | $634,394,904,387 |
| 1998 | $4,150,359,076,370 | $618,731,484,575 |
| 1997 | $4,579,780,793,432 | $589,739,772,727 |
| 1996 | $5,021,441,618,840 | $642,251,412,058 |
| 1995 | $5,639,649,753,986 | $614,170,002,669 |
| 1994 | $5,104,063,486,348 | $530,183,651,720 |
| 1993 | $4,632,480,515,091 | $524,700,572,624 |
| 1992 | $4,064,529,567,505 | $630,465,353,486 |
| 1991 | $3,724,887,648,862 | $576,753,902,322 |
| 1990 | $3,252,994,239,867 | $536,175,326,477 |
| 1989 | $3,174,934,735,896 | $414,460,794,097 |
| 1988 | $3,191,546,727,316 | $375,891,716,898 |
| 1987 | $2,635,094,473,494 | $318,520,253,335 |
| 1986 | $2,164,729,071,349 | $251,141,555,186 |
| 1985 | $1,457,070,301,468 | $180,664,322,896 |
| 1984 | $1,374,165,212,365 | $171,979,977,230 |
| 1983 | $1,297,622,008,229 | $170,829,074,246 |
| 1982 | $1,183,132,285,328 | $195,856,752,991 |
| 1981 | $1,271,443,597,067 | $202,663,023,968 |
| 1980 | $1,153,159,955,513 | $232,600,556,974 |
| 1979 | $1,100,608,979,757 | $214,448,666,336 |
| 1978 | $1,057,419,758,047 | $160,484,969,618 |
| 1977 | $752,590,681,822 | $132,354,665,936 |
| 1976 | $611,495,350,304 | $118,422,534,195 |
| 1975 | $544,082,569,364 | $114,695,060,870 |
| 1974 | $500,355,087,138 | $97,204,522,642 |
| 1973 | $450,756,970,744 | $78,583,355,226 |
| 1972 | $331,776,379,992 | $59,090,176,029 |
| 1971 | $250,530,994,765 | $46,586,119,760 |
| 1970 | $221,798,003,144 | $40,963,715,237 |
| 1969 | $188,179,852,753 | $37,090,689,288 |
| 1968 | $160,201,483,788 | $32,394,326,464 |
| 1967 | $135,265,319,098 | $32,570,905,397 |
| 1966 | $115,427,351,851 | $29,559,436,183 |
| 1965 | $99,387,878,008 | $25,479,619,607 |
| 1964 | $89,332,989,729 | $21,966,876,027 |
| 1963 | $75,945,582,324 | $19,631,714,760 |
| 1962 | $66,356,388,224 | $16,609,632,791 |
| 1961 | $58,472,696,006 | $14,238,126,760 |
| 1960 | $48,417,804,545 | $12,424,514,014 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/japan/spain | CC BY 
GDP per capita in Japan vs Spain by year
| Year | Current $ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Japan
|
Spain
|
|||
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2025 | $35,951 | - | $38,627 | - |
| 2024 | $33,797 | $52,039 | $35,327 | $57,965 |
| 2023 | $35,215 | $50,662 | $33,493 | $55,682 |
| 2022 | $35,548 | $47,192 | $30,319 | $51,399 |
| 2021 | $41,581 | $44,355 | $30,799 | $44,252 |
| 2020 | $41,099 | $42,426 | $27,234 | $39,328 |
| 2019 | $41,425 | $42,678 | $29,787 | $44,043 |
| 2018 | $40,645 | $42,142 | $30,602 | $41,015 |
| 2017 | $39,680 | $41,444 | $28,381 | $39,825 |
| 2016 | $40,215 | $40,597 | $26,756 | $37,613 |
| 2015 | $35,665 | $40,899 | $25,982 | $35,229 |
| 2014 | $39,173 | $39,555 | $29,708 | $33,761 |
| 2013 | $41,369 | $39,402 | $29,229 | $32,614 |
| 2012 | $49,627 | $37,606 | $28,456 | $31,870 |
| 2011 | $49,122 | $36,214 | $31,825 | $32,016 |
| 2010 | $45,378 | $35,336 | $30,659 | $31,805 |
| 2009 | $41,678 | $33,543 | $32,280 | $32,218 |
| 2008 | $40,294 | $35,274 | $35,603 | $33,350 |
| 2007 | $36,130 | $35,015 | $32,652 | $32,536 |
| 2006 | $36,354 | $33,632 | $28,422 | $30,749 |
| 2005 | $38,159 | $32,170 | $26,451 | $27,630 |
| 2004 | $38,678 | $30,832 | $24,925 | $26,160 |
| 2003 | $35,809 | $29,392 | $21,522 | $25,057 |
| 2002 | $33,316 | $28,624 | $17,111 | $24,378 |
| 2001 | $34,910 | $27,943 | $15,368 | $22,952 |
| 2000 | $39,753 | $27,288 | $14,743 | $21,582 |
| 1999 | $37,029 | $25,736 | $15,708 | $19,938 |
| 1998 | $32,835 | $25,508 | $15,382 | $19,083 |
| 1997 | $36,331 | $25,619 | $14,722 | $17,903 |
| 1996 | $39,930 | $24,999 | $16,101 | $16,971 |
| 1995 | $44,947 | $23,858 | $15,461 | $16,276 |
| 1994 | $40,774 | $22,823 | $13,406 | $15,582 |
| 1993 | $37,111 | $22,168 | $13,330 | $14,973 |
| 1992 | $32,667 | $21,825 | $16,101 | $14,855 |
| 1991 | $30,048 | $21,227 | $14,801 | $14,461 |
| 1990 | $26,345 | $19,912 | $13,795 | $13,676 |
| 1989 | $25,798 | - | $10,674 | - |
| 1988 | $26,037 | - | $9,696 | - |
| 1987 | $21,587 | - | $8,234 | - |
| 1986 | $17,819 | - | $6,509 | - |
| 1985 | $12,058 | - | $4,696 | - |
| 1984 | $11,443 | - | $4,487 | - |
| 1983 | $10,876 | - | $4,475 | - |
| 1982 | $9,986 | - | $5,156 | - |
| 1981 | $10,806 | - | $5,367 | - |
| 1980 | $9,872 | - | $6,204 | - |
| 1979 | $9,497 | - | $5,766 | - |
| 1978 | $9,202 | - | $4,353 | - |
| 1977 | $6,609 | - | $3,625 | - |
| 1976 | $5,422 | - | $3,277 | - |
| 1975 | $4,876 | - | $3,208 | - |
| 1974 | $4,542 | - | $2,748 | - |
| 1973 | $4,147 | - | $2,246 | - |
| 1972 | $3,095 | - | $1,708 | - |
| 1971 | $2,370 | - | $1,361 | - |
| 1970 | $2,145 | - | $1,211 | - |
| 1969 | $1,841 | - | $1,109 | - |
| 1968 | $1,586 | - | $978 | - |
| 1967 | $1,354 | - | $997 | - |
| 1966 | $1,168 | - | $916 | - |
| 1965 | $1,015 | - | $797 | - |
| 1964 | $922 | - | $695 | - |
| 1963 | $792 | - | $627 | - |
| 1962 | $699 | - | $535 | - |
| 1961 | $622 | - | $463 | - |
| 1960 | $519 | - | $408 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/japan/spain | CC BY
Japan's GDP per capita is $35,951, ranking 34/197, compared to $38,627 in Spain, ranking 31/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Japan ranks 41st at $52,039, while Spain ranks 34th at $57,965.
Economic indicators
|
Japan
|
Spain
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$4.44T
2025 |
$1.91T
2025 |
| GDP rank |
4/197
2025 |
12/197
2025 |
| GDP growth |
1.19%
2024-2025 |
2.82%
2024-2025 |
| GDP per capita |
$35,951
2025 |
$38,627
2025 |
| GDP per capita rank |
34/197
2025 |
31/197
2025 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$52,039
2024 |
$57,965
2024 |
| GDP per capita PPP rank |
41/197
2024 |
34/197
2024 |
| Government debt |
$9.16T
2025 |
$1.91T
2025 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
206.5%
2025 |
100.4%
2025 |
| Government debt per person |
$74,248
2025 |
$38,794
2025 |
| Government debt per person rank |
3/185
2025 |
20/185
2025 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$22,962
2026 |
$24,910
2026 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$7.61T
2025 |
$1.3T
2025 |
| Number of millionaires |
2,902,000
2026 |
1,077,000
2026 |
| Number of billionaires |
41
2026 |
34
2026 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
24.3%
2020 |
24.5%
2023 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.3%
2020 |
2.2%
2023 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
36.9%
2025 |
44.7%
2025 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
3.17%
2024-2025 |
2.7%
2024-2025 |
| Central bank interest rate |
0.75%
2025 |
n/a |
| Unemployment rate |
2.5%
2025 |
10.5%
2025 |
| Population |
122704252
|
49323658
|
Spending and national debt comparison by year
| Year | % of GDP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Japan
|
Spain
|
|||
| Government spending | Government debt | Government spending | Government debt | |
| 2025 | 36.9% | 206.5% | 44.7% | 100.4% |
| 2024 | 37.3% | 214.5% | 45.5% | 101.6% |
| 2023 | 37.8% | 220.3% | 45.4% | 105.1% |
| 2022 | 40.2% | 227.8% | 46.3% | 109.2% |
| 2021 | 41.3% | 222.7% | 49.5% | 115.6% |
| 2020 | 43.6% | 228.8% | 51.4% | 119.2% |
| 2019 | 36.4% | 206.3% | 42% | 97.6% |
| 2018 | 36% | 203.7% | 41.5% | 99.7% |
| 2017 | 35.9% | 203.1% | 41% | 101.1% |
| 2016 | 36.5% | 202.1% | 42.1% | 102% |
| 2015 | 36.6% | 200.1% | 43.7% | 102.4% |
| 2014 | 37.8% | 203.6% | 45.1% | 104.4% |
| 2013 | 38.4% | 201.2% | 46.2% | 100% |
| 2012 | 38.4% | 197.1% | 49.2% | 89.6% |
| 2011 | 38.4% | 190.6% | 45.9% | 69.5% |
| 2010 | 37.4% | 178.6% | 45.8% | 60.3% |
| 2009 | 38.3% | 172.9% | 46.1% | 53.1% |
| 2008 | 33.7% | 153.6% | 41.3% | 39.6% |
| 2007 | 32.8% | 150.4% | 39.2% | 35.7% |
| 2006 | 32.7% | 152.1% | 38.4% | 39% |
| 2005 | 33.2% | 153.4% | 38.4% | 42.4% |
| 2004 | 33.3% | 148.8% | 38.8% | 45.3% |
| 2003 | 34.6% | 140.2% | 38.4% | 47.7% |
| 2002 | 34.9% | 134.6% | 38.6% | 51.2% |
| 2001 | 34.7% | 126.8% | 38.4% | 54.1% |
| 2000 | 35.4% | 118.5% | 39.1% | 57.8% |
| 1999 | 35.2% | 113.5% | 40% | 60.9% |
| 1998 | 38.1% | 101.6% | 41% | 62.4% |
| 1997 | 32.4% | 91.3% | 41.5% | 64.3% |
| 1996 | 33.1% | 85.3% | 42.9% | 65.4% |
| 1995 | 32.8% | 80.7% | 44.1% | 61.6% |
| 1994 | 32.1% | 73.3% | 44.8% | 57% |
| 1993 | 31.4% | 63.2% | 46.3% | 54.6% |
| 1992 | 29.6% | 57.9% | 43.9% | 44.1% |
| 1991 | 28.6% | 54.1% | 42.6% | 41.9% |
| 1990 | 28.8% | 54.8% | 41.1% | 41.3% |
| 1989 | 29.2% | 65.7% | 32.1% | 39.2% |
| 1988 | 29.9% | 71.9% | 28.6% | 38.2% |
| 1987 | 30.6% | 75.8% | 31.1% | 42.1% |
| 1986 | 30.4% | 74.1% | 28.4% | 36.5% |
| 1985 | 30.4% | 68.3% | 27.6% | 31.5% |
| 1984 | 31.2% | 65.6% | 27% | 18.3% |
| 1983 | 31.8% | 63.5% | 26% | 13.4% |
| 1982 | 31.7% | 57.7% | 21.5% | 12% |
| 1981 | 31.5% | 52.8% | 18.1% | 10.9% |
| 1980 | 33.5% | 47.8% | 16.3% | 10.2% |
| 1979 | 33.2% | 43.8% | 14.3% | 9.88% |
| 1978 | 32.1% | 39% | 14.3% | 9.93% |
| 1977 | 30.4% | 31.1% | 12.8% | 8.75% |
| 1976 | 29.1% | 26.1% | 11.5% | 8.21% |
| 1975 | 28.5% | 20.9% | 11.4% | 11.9% |
| 1974 | 25.5% | 16.7% | 11.4% | 13.6% |
| 1973 | 23.3% | 15.9% | 9.88% | 16.3% |
| 1972 | 23.1% | 16.3% | 12.5% | 17.6% |
| 1971 | 21.8% | 12.6% | 14% | 17.9% |
| 1970 | 20.2% | 11.2% | 12.3% | 19.2% |
| 1969 | 19.8% | 11.4% | 12.3% | 18.8% |
| 1968 | 20.1% | 11.8% | 12.8% | 18.3% |
| 1967 | 19.9% | 11.4% | 12.5% | 17.6% |
| 1966 | 20.8% | 11.2% | 11.8% | 17.7% |
| 1965 | 20.4% | 9.78% | 14% | 18.1% |
| 1964 | 19.8% | 8.53% | 12.7% | 19.5% |
| 1963 | 20% | 8.66% | 12.4% | 21% |
| 1962 | 19.4% | 9.01% | 10.6% | 24.4% |
| 1961 | 18.2% | 8.44% | 9.97% | 26.7% |
| 1960 | 18.4% | 10.4% | 11% | 29.4% |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/japan/spain | CC BY
In 2025, Japan's government spending was $1.63T, accounting for 36.9% of its GDP, while Spain spent $852B, or 44.7% of GDP.
Debt-to-GDP ratio is 206.5% in Japan and 100.4% in Spain, ranking 3/185 and 25/185, respectively.
Government deficit by year
| Year | Deficit/surplus, % of GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
Japan
|
Spain
|
|
| 2025 | -1.05% | -2.5% |
| 2024 | -1.67% | -3.22% |
| 2023 | -2.39% | -3.34% |
| 2022 | -4.23% | -4.59% |
| 2021 | -6.32% | -6.66% |
| 2020 | -9.04% | -10% |
| 2019 | -3.05% | -3.04% |
| 2018 | -2.44% | -2.58% |
| 2017 | -3.05% | -3.1% |
| 2016 | -3.58% | -4.26% |
| 2015 | -3.64% | -5.26% |
| 2014 | -5.58% | -6.07% |
| 2013 | -7.62% | -7.49% |
| 2012 | -8.22% | -11.5% |
| 2011 | -9.02% | -9.69% |
| 2010 | -9.05% | -9.49% |
| 2009 | -9.62% | -11.2% |
| 2008 | -4.07% | -4.56% |
| 2007 | -2.86% | 1.88% |
| 2006 | -3% | 2.12% |
| 2005 | -4.39% | 1.23% |
| 2004 | -5.26% | -0.1% |
| 2003 | -7.35% | -0.37% |
| 2002 | -7.22% | -0.32% |
| 2001 | -6.11% | -0.45% |
| 2000 | -7.17% | -1.16% |
| 1999 | -6.68% | -1.24% |
| 1998 | -9.91% | -2.63% |
| 1997 | -3.44% | -3.86% |
| 1996 | -4.75% | -5.87% |
| 1995 | -4.22% | -6.79% |
| 1994 | -3.7% | -6.31% |
| 1993 | -2.34% | -6.89% |
| 1992 | 0.56% | -4.26% |
| 1991 | 1.64% | -4.58% |
| 1990 | 1.91% | -3.9% |
| 1989 | 1.23% | -3.24% |
| 1988 | 0.49% | -2.95% |
| 1987 | -0.36% | -3.52% |
| 1986 | -1.36% | -5.18% |
| 1985 | -1.37% | -6.04% |
| 1984 | -2.62% | -5.25% |
| 1983 | -3.95% | -4.77% |
| 1982 | -3.81% | -5.76% |
| 1981 | -3.85% | -2.88% |
| 1980 | -4.66% | -2.55% |
| 1979 | -5% | -1.51% |
| 1978 | -5.79% | -1.63% |
| 1977 | -4.02% | -0.24% |
| 1976 | -3.89% | 0.43% |
| 1975 | -2.92% | 0.26% |
| 1974 | 0.38% | 0.11% |
| 1973 | 0.56% | 1.09% |
| 1972 | -0.13% | 0.24% |
| 1971 | 1.21% | -0.96% |
| 1970 | 1.74% | 0.09% |
| 1969 | 1.26% | -0.06% |
| 1968 | 0.88% | -0.55% |
| 1967 | 0.8% | -0.32% |
| 1966 | -0.34% | 0.07% |
| 1965 | 0.48% | -0.04% |
| 1964 | 0.85% | 0.18% |
| 1963 | 1.08% | -0.54% |
| 1962 | 1.49% | 1.27% |
| 1961 | 2.58% | 1.9% |
| 1960 | 1.85% | 0.69% |
| 1959 | 0.97% | 0.54% |
| 1958 | -0.1% | 0.23% |
| 1957 | 1.27% | 1.13% |
| 1956 | 1.39% | -0.05% |
| 1955 | -0.67% | 0.6% |
| 1954 | 0.7% | 0.7% |
| 1953 | 1.65% | 1.02% |
| 1952 | 2.22% | 0.81% |
| 1951 | 5.06% | -0.24% |
| 1950 | 6.99% | -0.44% |
| 1949 | 12.5% | -0.35% |
| 1948 | 7.53% | -1.21% |
| 1947 | 6.09% | -1.09% |
| 1946 | - | -2.24% |
| 1945 | - | -4.56% |
| 1944 | - | -5.44% |
| 1943 | 0.32% | -7.73% |
| 1942 | -0.13% | -2.48% |
| 1941 | -0.19% | -4.34% |
| 1940 | 0.31% | -3.54% |
| 1939 | 0.11% | - |
| 1938 | 0.45% | - |
| 1937 | 0.71% | - |
| 1936 | 0.34% | - |
| 1935 | 0.26% | -0.49% |
| 1934 | 0.34% | -1.17% |
| 1933 | 0.28% | -0.72% |
| 1932 | 0.31% | -0.3% |
| 1931 | 0.23% | 0.1% |
| 1930 | 0.19% | 0.3% |
| 1929 | 0.5% | -0.07% |
| 1928 | 0.42% | -0.31% |
| 1927 | 0.58% | -0.54% |
| 1926 | 0.65% | -0.65% |
| 1925 | 0.75% | -1.19% |
| 1924 | 0.84% | -1.76% |
| 1923 | 0.87% | -1.89% |
| 1922 | 0.89% | -2.26% |
| 1921 | 1.43% | -3.33% |
| 1920 | 1.19% | -2.4% |
| 1919 | 1.21% | -1.82% |
| 1918 | 1.58% | -1.8% |
| 1917 | 1.54% | -1.49% |
| 1916 | 1.37% | -1.15% |
| 1915 | 1.41% | -2.97% |
| 1914 | 1.31% | -1.04% |
| 1913 | 1.21% | -0.09% |
| 1912 | 1.27% | -0.33% |
| 1911 | 1.21% | 0.19% |
| 1910 | 1.57% | 0.09% |
| 1909 | 1.51% | -0.29% |
| 1908 | 1.63% | 0.59% |
| 1907 | 1.77% | 0.66% |
| 1906 | 0.46% | 0.91% |
| 1905 | -0.68% | 0.71% |
| 1904 | -0.81% | 0.52% |
| 1903 | 0.19% | 0.28% |
| 1902 | 0.44% | 0.74% |
| 1901 | 0.21% | 0.69% |
| 1900 | 0.53% | 1.04% |
| 1899 | 0.2% | 2.75% |
| 1898 | 0.6% | 0.13% |
| 1897 | 0.33% | -0.64% |
| 1896 | 0.88% | 0.46% |
| 1895 | 0.28% | 0.83% |
| 1894 | -0.24% | -0.08% |
| 1893 | 0.6% | 0.87% |
| 1892 | 0.63% | -0.67% |
| 1891 | 0.61% | -0.41% |
| 1890 | 0.74% | -0.4% |
| 1889 | 0.18% | -0.38% |
| 1888 | 0.13% | -0.97% |
| 1887 | 0.11% | -0.73% |
| 1886 | 0.03% | -0.08% |
| 1885 | 0.01% | -0.78% |
| 1884 | 0.001% | -0.23% |
| 1883 | 0.03% | -0.38% |
| 1882 | 0.001% | 0.38% |
| 1881 | 0.001% | 0.08% |
| 1880 | 0.004% | -0.02% |
| 1879 | 0.02% | -0.52% |
| 1878 | 0.02% | -0.08% |
| 1877 | -0.29% | 0.11% |
| 1876 | -0.42% | 0.1% |
| 1875 | 0.005% | -1.42% |
| 1874 | - | -0.1% |
| 1873 | - | 2.22% |
| 1872 | - | -2.27% |
| 1871 | - | -2.64% |
| 1870 | - | -3.42% |
| 1869 | - | -2.64% |
| 1868 | - | -1.46% |
| 1867 | - | -0.79% |
| 1866 | - | -0.83% |
| 1865 | - | -1.84% |
| 1864 | - | -2.48% |
| 1863 | - | -1.55% |
| 1862 | - | -1.76% |
| 1861 | - | -1.77% |
| 1860 | - | -0.94% |
| 1859 | - | 0.39% |
| 1858 | - | -0.44% |
| 1857 | - | -0.41% |
| 1856 | - | -0.46% |
| 1855 | - | -0.76% |
| 1854 | - | -0.32% |
| 1853 | - | -0.02% |
| 1852 | - | -0.11% |
| 1851 | - | -0.25% |
| 1850 | - | 0.31% |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/japan/spain | CC BY
In 2025, Japan's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $46.7B, equivalent to 1.05% of GDP. This compares to Spain's deficit of $47.6B, or 2.5% of GDP.
Over the past 66 years, Japan recorded a fiscal deficit in 48 of those years, while Spain ran a deficit in 52 years. On average, Japan posted an annual deficit equal to 2.96% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.94% of GDP for Spain.
Inflation comparison by year
| Year | Consumer prices inflation | |
|---|---|---|
|
Japan
|
Spain
|
|
| 2025 | 3.17% | 2.7% |
| 2024 | 2.74% | 2.75% |
| 2023 | 3.27% | 3.53% |
| 2022 | 2.5% | 8.39% |
| 2021 | -0.23% | 3.09% |
| 2020 | -0.02% | -0.32% |
| 2019 | 0.47% | 0.7% |
| 2018 | 0.99% | 1.67% |
| 2017 | 0.48% | 1.96% |
| 2016 | -0.13% | -0.2% |
| 2015 | 0.8% | -0.5% |
| 2014 | 2.76% | -0.15% |
| 2013 | 0.34% | 1.41% |
| 2012 | -0.04% | 2.45% |
| 2011 | -0.27% | 3.2% |
| 2010 | -0.73% | 1.8% |
| 2009 | -1.35% | -0.29% |
| 2008 | 1.38% | 4.08% |
| 2007 | 0.06% | 2.79% |
| 2006 | 0.25% | 3.52% |
| 2005 | -0.28% | 3.37% |
| 2004 | -0.009% | 3.04% |
| 2003 | -0.26% | 3.04% |
| 2002 | -0.92% | 3.07% |
| 2001 | -0.74% | 3.59% |
| 2000 | -0.68% | 3.43% |
| 1999 | -0.34% | 2.31% |
| 1998 | 0.66% | 1.83% |
| 1997 | 1.75% | 1.97% |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/japan/spain | CC BY
Over the past 29 years, Japan has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 0.54%, compared with 2.35% in Spain. In 2025, inflation was 3.17% in Japan and 2.7% in Spain.
Top exports between countries
|
Japan
|
|
|---|---|
| Export category | Export value |
| Machinery & equipment | $2.53B |
| Business & finance services | $422M |
| Transport & tourism services | $367M |
| Chemicals & pharma | $250M |
| Miscellaneous | $167M |
| Metals | $129M |
| Raw materials & minerals | $65.2M |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $61.7M |
| IT & IP services | $52M |
| Animal & marine products | $21.7M |
|
Spain
|
|
|---|---|
| Export category | Export value |
| Animal & marine products | $882M |
| Machinery & equipment | $789M |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $404M |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $345M |
| Chemicals & pharma | $344M |
| Business & finance services | $309M |
| IT & IP services | $204M |
| Raw materials & minerals | $89.5M |
| Metals | $87.8M |
| Raw agricultural goods | $57.8M |
Balance of trade
|
Japan
|
Spain
|
|
|---|---|---|
|
Current account balance
|
$216B
2025 |
$56B
2025 |
| Current account balance ranking |
3/190
2025 |
12/190
2025 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
+4.86%
2025 |
+2.94%
2025 |
| Goods imports |
$729B
2025 |
$499B
2025 |
| Goods exports |
$725B
2025 |
$443B
2025 |
| Service imports |
$269B
2025 |
$127B
2025 |
| Service exports |
$246B
2025 |
$256B
2025 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
22.9%
2024 |
32.8%
2025 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
22%
2024 |
36.6%
2025 |
Economic freedom indices
The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.
|
Japan
|
Spain
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 70.3 | 66.8 |
| Economic freedom ranking | 36/197 | 59/197 |
| Property rights | 94.2 | 88 |
| Government integrity | 81.1 | 64.2 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 97.9 | 74.3 |
| Tax burden | 63 | 58.2 |
| Government spending | 52 | 37.3 |
| Fiscal health | 41.7 | 57.3 |
| Business freedom | 77.8 | 82.6 |
| Labor freedom | 65.9 | 61.7 |
| Monetary freedom | 74.3 | 78.2 |
| Trade freedom | 76.2 | 79.4 |
| Investment freedom | 60 | 60 |
| Financial freedom | 60 | 60 |
Economic freedom comparison by year
| Year | Economic freedom index | |
|---|---|---|
|
Japan
|
Spain
|
|
| 2026 | 70.3 | 66.8 |
| 2025 | 70.2 | 66.3 |
| 2024 | 67.5 | 63.3 |
| 2023 | 69.3 | 65 |
| 2022 | 69.9 | 68.2 |
| 2021 | 74.1 | 69.9 |
| 2020 | 73.3 | 66.9 |
| 2019 | 72.1 | 65.7 |
| 2018 | 72.3 | 65.1 |
| 2017 | 69.6 | 63.6 |
| 2016 | 73.1 | 68.5 |
| 2015 | 73.3 | 67.6 |
| 2014 | 72.4 | 67.2 |
| 2013 | 71.8 | 68 |
| 2012 | 71.6 | 69.1 |
| 2011 | 72.8 | 70.2 |
| 2010 | 72.9 | 69.6 |
| 2009 | 72.8 | 70.1 |
| 2008 | 73 | 69.1 |
| 2007 | 72.7 | 69.2 |
| 2006 | 73.3 | 68.2 |
| 2005 | 67.3 | 67 |
| 2004 | 64.3 | 68.9 |
| 2003 | 67.6 | 68.8 |
| 2002 | 66.7 | 68.8 |
| 2001 | 70.9 | 68.1 |
| 2000 | 70.7 | 65.9 |
| 1999 | 69.1 | 65.1 |
| 1998 | 70.2 | 62.6 |
| 1997 | 70.3 | 59.6 |
| 1996 | 72.6 | 59.6 |
| 1995 | 75 | 62.8 |
Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/japan/spain | CC BY
The Economic Freedom Index for Japan is 70.3, ranking 36/197, compared to 66.8 for Spain, ranking 59/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.
Other economic metrics
|
Japan
|
Spain
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
71.4%
2024 |
68.4%
2025 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
26.8%
2024 |
19.6%
2025 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
0.96%
2024 |
2.68%
2025 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$4.73T
2025 |
$1.83T
2025 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$58,920
2025 |
$59,830
2025 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$1.37T
2025 |
$129B
2025 |
| Total reserves ranking |
3/177
2025 |
23/177
2025 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
$172B
2025 |
$18.3B
2025 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$18.9B
2024 |
$42.8B
2024 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$207B
2024 |
$71.5B
2024 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
16.1%
2020 |
20.2%
2022 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
27.7%
2024 |
21.4%
2025 |
GDP per capita map
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/japan/spain | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.
The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.