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Economy of Fiji vs Spain compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Fiji has a GDP of $5.97B compared to $1.73T for Spain, ranking 161/197 and 15/197 by economy size, respectively.

Fiji has $4.54B in government debt (76.2% of GDP), compared to $1.75T (101.6% of GDP) in Spain.

Fiji vs Spain GDP by year

Fiji
Spain
1x
Year GDP, current $
Fiji Spain
2024 $5,968,125,909 $1,725,671,652,742
2023 $5,476,673,518 $1,619,481,980,720
2022 $4,977,861,886 $1,448,850,658,407
2021 $4,158,873,156 $1,461,244,901,853
2020 $4,227,719,873 $1,289,783,836,971
2019 $5,344,907,153 $1,403,496,387,686
2018 $5,581,425,327 $1,431,642,809,327
2017 $5,353,469,174 $1,321,754,088,819
2016 $4,930,213,644 $1,243,015,667,917
2015 $4,682,479,894 $1,206,164,777,553
2014 $4,857,104,769 $1,380,244,561,362
2013 $4,189,967,999 $1,362,186,923,158
2012 $3,972,028,104 $1,330,994,811,670
2011 $3,779,411,899 $1,487,568,659,241
2010 $3,140,166,713 $1,427,989,078,917
2009 $2,870,624,636 $1,496,587,590,848
2008 $3,523,185,920 $1,636,115,447,613
2007 $3,378,314,600 $1,476,746,276,855
2006 $3,076,305,453 $1,261,846,683,275
2005 $2,980,403,845 $1,154,667,551,776
2004 $2,708,078,477 $1,069,829,382,515
2003 $2,300,492,465 $907,963,217,058
2002 $1,833,279,985 $708,938,227,244
2001 $1,652,462,023 $627,798,682,379
2000 $1,678,219,508 $598,102,854,756
1999 $1,936,459,986 $634,394,904,387
1998 $1,653,146,717 $618,731,484,575
1997 $2,090,221,137 $589,739,772,727
1996 $2,128,696,644 $642,251,412,058
1995 $1,970,301,486 $614,170,002,669
1994 $1,825,732,093 $530,183,651,720
1993 $1,636,101,247 $524,700,572,624
1992 $1,532,411,039 $630,465,353,486
1991 $1,383,883,250 $576,753,902,322
1990 $1,337,017,559 $536,175,326,477
1989 $1,182,660,266 $414,460,794,097
1988 $1,110,009,523 $375,891,716,898
1987 $1,177,947,965 $318,520,253,335
1986 $1,290,267,340 $251,141,555,186
1985 $1,141,168,944 $180,664,322,896
1984 $1,178,000,678 $171,979,977,230
1983 $1,123,085,190 $170,829,074,246
1982 $1,194,059,943 $195,856,752,991
1981 $1,235,626,771 $202,663,023,968
1980 $1,202,618,816 $232,600,556,974
1979 $1,019,691,460 $214,448,666,336
1978 $829,267,889 $160,484,969,618
1977 $719,501,766 $132,354,665,936
1976 $694,540,806 $118,422,534,195
1975 $684,282,434 $114,695,060,870
1974 $558,587,097 $97,204,522,642
1973 $425,950,488 $78,583,355,226
1972 $316,656,649 $59,090,176,029
1971 $247,749,328 $46,586,119,760
1970 $219,878,482 $40,963,715,237
1969 $182,182,068 $37,090,689,288
1968 $166,952,937 $32,394,326,464
1967 $162,625,886 $32,570,905,397
1966 $150,603,926 $29,559,436,183
1965 $147,084,750 $25,479,619,607
1964 $140,032,741 $21,966,876,027
1963 $129,454,729 $19,631,714,760
1962 $122,906,435 $16,609,632,791
1961 $116,987,785 $14,238,126,760
1960 $112,328,422 $12,424,514,014

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/spain | CC BY

GDP per capita in Fiji vs Spain by year

Fiji
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Spain
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Fiji Spain
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $6,426 $15,450 $35,327 $57,965
2023 $5,926 $14,644 $33,493 $55,682
2022 $5,414 $12,982 $30,319 $51,399
2021 $4,537 $10,322 $30,799 $44,252
2020 $4,621 $10,716 $27,234 $39,328
2019 $5,842 $12,978 $29,787 $44,043
2018 $6,085 $12,984 $30,602 $41,015
2017 $5,827 $12,585 $28,381 $39,825
2016 $5,364 $11,766 $26,756 $37,613
2015 $5,098 $11,519 $25,982 $35,229
2014 $5,293 $10,516 $29,708 $33,761
2013 $4,572 $8,842 $29,229 $32,614
2012 $4,341 $8,204 $28,456 $31,870
2011 $4,140 $7,672 $31,825 $32,016
2010 $3,449 $7,339 $30,659 $31,805
2009 $3,164 $7,068 $32,280 $32,218
2008 $3,900 $7,154 $35,603 $33,350
2007 $3,763 $6,990 $32,652 $32,536
2006 $3,455 $6,921 $28,422 $30,749
2005 $3,378 $6,652 $26,451 $27,630
2004 $3,097 $6,463 $24,925 $26,160
2003 $2,656 $6,033 $21,522 $25,057
2002 $2,137 $5,914 $17,111 $24,378
2001 $1,945 $5,699 $15,368 $22,952
2000 $1,996 $5,521 $14,743 $21,582
1999 $2,328 $5,552 $15,708 $19,938
1998 $2,010 $5,090 $15,382 $19,083
1997 $2,574 $5,031 $14,722 $17,903
1996 $2,648 $5,109 $16,101 $16,971
1995 $2,467 $4,818 $15,461 $16,276
1994 $2,297 $4,627 $13,406 $15,582
1993 $2,070 $4,334 $13,330 $14,973
1992 $1,951 $4,172 $16,101 $14,855
1991 $1,775 $3,873 $14,801 $14,461
1990 $1,729 $3,882 $13,795 $13,676
1989 $1,543 - $10,674 -
1988 $1,463 - $9,696 -
1987 $1,569 - $8,234 -
1986 $1,745 - $6,509 -
1985 $1,577 - $4,696 -
1984 $1,667 - $4,487 -
1983 $1,628 - $4,475 -
1982 $1,773 - $5,156 -
1981 $1,879 - $5,367 -
1980 $1,873 - $6,204 -
1979 $1,627 - $5,766 -
1978 $1,355 - $4,353 -
1977 $1,204 - $3,625 -
1976 $1,186 - $3,277 -
1975 $1,188 - $3,208 -
1974 $984 - $2,748 -
1973 $762 - $2,246 -
1972 $575 - $1,708 -
1971 $458 - $1,361 -
1970 $414 - $1,211 -
1969 $350 - $1,109 -
1968 $327 - $978 -
1967 $326 - $997 -
1966 $310 - $916 -
1965 $311 - $797 -
1964 $306 - $695 -
1963 $291.4 - $627 -
1962 $285.5 - $535 -
1961 $280.3 - $463 -
1960 $277.4 - $408 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/spain | CC BY

Fiji's GDP per capita is $6,426, ranking 108/197, compared to $35,327 in Spain, ranking 32/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Fiji ranks 113th at $15,450, while Spain ranks 34th at $57,965.

Economic indicators

Fiji Spain
Gross domestic product
$5.97B
2024
$1.73T
2024
GDP rank
161/197
2024
15/197
2024
GDP growth
3.53%
2023-2024
3.46%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$6,426
2024
$35,327
2024
GDP per capita rank
108/197
2024
32/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$15,450
2024
$57,965
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
113/197
2024
34/197
2024
Government debt
$4.54B
2024
$1.75T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
76.2%
2024
101.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$4,893
2024
$35,909
2024
Government debt per person rank
80/185
2024
20/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,964
2026
$25,470
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$754B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
1,202,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
34
2025
Income share by richest 10%
24.2%
2019
24.5%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.5%
2019
2.2%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
29.7%
2024
45.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.51%
2023-2024
2.77%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
0.25%
2020
n/a
Unemployment rate
5.36%
2024
11.3%
2024
Population
938628
48806901

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Fiji
Spending

Debt
Spain
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Fiji Spain
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 29.7% 76.2% 45.3% 101.6%
2023 28.8% 79.1% 45.5% 105.1%
2022 30.9% 83.3% 46.4% 109.2%
2021 36.7% 89% 49.5% 115.6%
2020 36.2% 72.9% 51.4% 119.2%
2019 30.8% 49.7% 42% 97.6%
2018 31.8% 44.8% 41.5% 99.7%
2017 27.3% 42.2% 41% 101.1%
2016 31.4% 43.6% 42.1% 102%
2015 29.8% 43% 43.7% 102.4%
2014 29.1% 44.5% 45.1% 104.4%
2013 25.1% 45.8% 46.2% 100%
2012 25.5% 47.7% 49.2% 89.6%
2011 25.3% 48.6% 45.9% 69.5%
2010 24.8% 51.8% 45.8% 60.3%
2009 26.2% 51.5% 46.1% 53.1%
2008 22.6% 47.5% 41.3% 39.6%
2007 23.3% 46% 39.2% 35.7%
2006 24.8% 49.2% 38.4% 39%
2005 23.3% 44% 38.4% 42.4%
2004 24% 44.5% 38.8% 45.3%
2003 25.8% 44.9% 38.4% 47.7%
2002 27.4% 43.4% 38.6% 51.2%
2001 26.4% 41% 38.4% 54.1%
2000 24.8% 36.9% 39.1% 57.8%
1999 23.2% 32.7% 40% 60.9%
1998 26.8% 36.6% 41% 62.4%
1997 29.1% 54.1% 41.5% 64.3%
1996 26.4% 48.8% 42.9% 65.4%
1995 23.2% 48.4% 44.1% 61.6%
1994 24.3% 47.6% 44.8% 57%
1993 25.7% 44.3% 46.3% 54.6%
1992 25.8% 42.2% 43.9% 44.1%
1991 - - 42.6% 41.9%
1990 - - 41.1% 41.3%
1989 - - 32.1% 39.2%
1988 - - 28.6% 38.2%
1987 - - 31.1% 42.1%
1986 - - 28.4% 36.5%
1985 - - 27.6% 31.5%
1984 - - 27% 18.3%
1983 - - 26% 13.4%
1982 - - 21.5% 12%
1981 - - 18.1% 10.9%
1980 - - 16.3% 10.2%
1979 - - 14.3% 9.88%
1978 - - 14.3% 9.93%
1977 - - 12.8% 8.75%
1976 - - 11.5% 8.21%
1975 - - 11.4% 11.9%
1974 - - 11.4% 13.6%
1973 - - 9.88% 16.3%
1972 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1971 - - 14% 17.9%
1970 - - 12.3% 19.2%
1969 - - 12.3% 18.8%
1968 - - 12.8% 18.3%
1967 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1966 - - 11.8% 17.7%
1965 - - 14% 18.1%
1964 - - 12.7% 19.5%
1963 - - 12.4% 21%
1962 - - 10.6% 24.4%
1961 - - 9.97% 26.7%
1960 - - 11% 29.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/spain | CC BY

In 2024, Fiji's government spending was $1.77B, accounting for 29.7% of its GDP, while Spain spent $782B, or 45.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 76.2% in Fiji and 101.6% in Spain, ranking 47/185 and 21/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Fiji

Spain
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Fiji Spain
2024 -3.36% -3.15%
2023 -6.82% -3.52%
2022 -11.2% -4.63%
2021 -14.6% -6.66%
2020 -9.24% -10%
2019 -3.67% -3.04%
2018 -4.72% -2.58%
2017 -2.22% -3.1%
2016 -5.58% -4.26%
2015 -3.8% -5.26%
2014 -3.36% -6.07%
2013 -0.08% -7.49%
2012 -0.67% -11.5%
2011 -0.69% -9.69%
2010 -1.26% -9.49%
2009 -2.76% -11.2%
2008 1.54% -4.56%
2007 0.35% 1.88%
2006 -0.74% 2.12%
2005 -1.14% 1.23%
2004 -0.95% -0.1%
2003 -3.34% -0.37%
2002 -3.58% -0.32%
2001 -4.4% -0.45%
2000 -1.37% -1.16%
1999 1.1% -1.24%
1998 5.21% -2.63%
1997 -4.48% -3.86%
1996 -3.35% -5.87%
1995 0.77% -6.79%
1994 -0.19% -6.31%
1993 -1.83% -6.89%
1992 -2.14% -4.26%
1991 - -4.58%
1990 - -3.9%
1989 - -3.24%
1988 - -2.95%
1987 - -3.52%
1986 - -5.18%
1985 - -6.04%
1984 - -5.25%
1983 - -4.77%
1982 - -5.76%
1981 - -2.88%
1980 - -2.55%
1979 - -1.51%
1978 - -1.63%
1977 - -0.24%
1976 - 0.43%
1975 - 0.26%
1974 - 0.11%
1973 - 1.09%
1972 - 0.24%
1971 - -0.96%
1970 - 0.09%
1969 - -0.06%
1968 - -0.55%
1967 - -0.32%
1966 - 0.07%
1965 - -0.04%
1964 - 0.18%
1963 - -0.54%
1962 - 1.27%
1961 - 1.9%
1960 - 0.69%
1959 - 0.54%
1958 - 0.23%
1957 - 1.13%
1956 - -0.05%
1955 - 0.6%
1954 - 0.7%
1953 - 1.02%
1952 - 0.81%
1951 - -0.24%
1950 - -0.44%
1949 - -0.35%
1948 - -1.21%
1947 - -1.09%
1946 - -2.24%
1945 - -4.56%
1944 - -5.44%
1943 - -7.73%
1942 - -2.48%
1941 - -4.34%
1940 - -3.54%
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -0.49%
1934 - -1.17%
1933 - -0.72%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.1%
1930 - 0.3%
1929 - -0.07%
1928 - -0.31%
1927 - -0.54%
1926 - -0.65%
1925 - -1.19%
1924 - -1.76%
1923 - -1.89%
1922 - -2.26%
1921 - -3.33%
1920 - -2.4%
1919 - -1.82%
1918 - -1.8%
1917 - -1.49%
1916 - -1.15%
1915 - -2.97%
1914 - -1.04%
1913 - -0.09%
1912 - -0.33%
1911 - 0.19%
1910 - 0.09%
1909 - -0.29%
1908 - 0.59%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.91%
1905 - 0.71%
1904 - 0.52%
1903 - 0.28%
1902 - 0.74%
1901 - 0.69%
1900 - 1.04%
1899 - 2.75%
1898 - 0.13%
1897 - -0.64%
1896 - 0.46%
1895 - 0.83%
1894 - -0.08%
1893 - 0.87%
1892 - -0.67%
1891 - -0.41%
1890 - -0.4%
1889 - -0.38%
1888 - -0.97%
1887 - -0.73%
1886 - -0.08%
1885 - -0.78%
1884 - -0.23%
1883 - -0.38%
1882 - 0.38%
1881 - 0.08%
1880 - -0.02%
1879 - -0.52%
1878 - -0.08%
1877 - 0.11%
1876 - 0.1%
1875 - -1.42%
1874 - -0.1%
1873 - 2.22%
1872 - -2.27%
1871 - -2.64%
1870 - -3.42%
1869 - -2.64%
1868 - -1.46%
1867 - -0.79%
1866 - -0.83%
1865 - -1.84%
1864 - -2.48%
1863 - -1.55%
1862 - -1.76%
1861 - -1.77%
1860 - -0.94%
1859 - 0.39%
1858 - -0.44%
1857 - -0.41%
1856 - -0.46%
1855 - -0.76%
1854 - -0.32%
1853 - -0.02%
1852 - -0.11%
1851 - -0.25%
1850 - 0.31%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/spain | CC BY

In 2024, Fiji's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $201M, equivalent to 3.36% of GDP. This compares to Spain's deficit of $54.3B, or 3.15% of GDP.

Over the past 33 years, Fiji recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while Spain ran a deficit in 30 years. On average, Fiji posted an annual deficit equal to 2.81% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.28% of GDP for Spain.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Fiji

Spain
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Fiji Spain
2024 4.51% 2.77%
2023 2.34% 3.53%
2022 4.32% 8.39%
2021 0.16% 3.09%
2020 -2.6% -0.32%
2019 1.77% 0.7%
2018 4.08% 1.67%
2017 3.35% 1.96%
2016 3.86% -0.2%
2015 1.37% -0.5%
2014 0.52% -0.15%
2013 2.91% 1.41%
2012 3.42% 2.45%
2011 7.28% 3.2%
2010 3.69% 1.8%
2009 3.13% -0.29%
2008 7.73% 4.08%
2007 4.8% 2.79%
2006 2.49% 3.52%
2005 2.37% 3.37%
2004 2.83% 3.04%
2003 4.17% 3.04%
2002 0.76% 3.07%
2001 4.27% 3.59%
2000 1.09% 3.43%
1999 1.97% 2.31%
1998 5.71% 1.83%
1997 3.37% 1.97%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/spain | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Fiji has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.06%, compared with 2.34% in Spain. In 2024, inflation was 4.51% in Fiji and 2.77% in Spain.

Top exports between countries

Fiji
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $9.83M
Animal & marine products $3.33M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.09M
Raw agricultural goods $271K
Machinery & equipment $92K
Wood & paper products $81K
Miscellaneous $38K
Chemicals & pharma $26K
Spain
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $1.9M
Machinery & equipment $742K
Miscellaneous $459K
Textiles & consumer goods $305K
Metals $295K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $202K
Animal & marine products $125K
Raw materials & minerals $13K
Wood & paper products $2K

Balance of trade

Fiji Spain
Current account balance
-$866M
2022
$54.9B
2024
Current account balance ranking
120/190
2022
13/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-17.4%
2022
+3.18%
2024
Goods imports
$2.68B
2022
$456B
2024
Goods exports
$1.05B
2022
$419B
2024
Service imports
$754M
2022
$111B
2024
Service exports
$1.33B
2022
$220B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
69.2%
2023
32.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
57%
2023
37.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Fiji Spain
Economic freedom 59.5 66.8
Economic freedom ranking 103/197 59/197
Property rights 59.9 88
Government integrity 55.4 64.2
Judicial effectiveness 53.2 74.3
Tax burden 87.8 58.2
Government spending 70 37.3
Fiscal health 7.5 57.3
Business freedom 69.5 82.6
Labor freedom 66.9 61.7
Monetary freedom 72.4 78.2
Trade freedom 66.6 79.4
Investment freedom 55 60
Financial freedom 50 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Fiji
Spain
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Fiji Spain
2026 59.5 66.8
2025 59.1 66.3
2024 58 63.3
2023 58 65
2022 56.4 68.2
2021 62.2 69.9
2020 63.4 66.9
2019 62.2 65.7
2018 62 65.1
2017 63.4 63.6
2016 58.8 68.5
2015 59 67.6
2014 58.7 67.2
2013 57.2 68
2012 57.3 69.1
2011 60.4 70.2
2010 60.3 69.6
2009 61 70.1
2008 61.8 69.1
2007 60.8 69.2
2006 58.4 68.2
2005 58.2 67
2004 58 68.9
2003 54.7 68.8
2002 53.9 68.8
2001 53.7 68.1
2000 57.8 65.9
1999 58.4 65.1
1998 58.2 62.6
1997 58 59.6
1996 57.4 59.6
1995 54.7 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/spain | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Fiji is 59.5, ranking 103/197, compared to 66.8 for Spain, ranking 59/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Fiji Spain
Services, % of GDP
54.6%
2024
68.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
16.5%
2024
19.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
13.2%
2024
2.75%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$5.4B
2024
$1.64T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$14,490
2024
$57,670
2024
Total reserves including gold
$1.6B
2024
$108B
2024
Total reserves ranking
133/177
2024
26/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$86.9M
2022
$28.7B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$204M
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$25.6M
2024
$71.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
4.36%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
31%
2020
20.2%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
19.7%
2023
21.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.