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Economy of Spain vs Sudan compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Spain has a GDP of $1.91T compared to $60.2B for Sudan, ranking 12/197 and 91/197 by economy size, respectively.

Spain has $1.91T in government debt (100.4% of GDP), compared to $113B (187.6% of GDP) in Sudan.

Spain vs Sudan GDP by year

Spain
Sudan
1x
Year GDP, current $
Spain Sudan
2025 $1,906,453,309,986 $60,162,634,574
2024 $1,725,671,652,742 $49,672,435,513
2023 $1,619,481,980,720 $39,898,289,821
2022 $1,448,850,658,407 $51,666,875,363
2021 $1,461,244,901,853 $34,229,513,775
2020 $1,289,783,836,971 $27,034,593,750
2019 $1,403,496,387,686 $32,338,079,165
2018 $1,431,642,809,327 $32,333,780,383
2017 $1,321,754,088,819 $41,283,617,976
2016 $1,243,015,667,917 $42,630,376,000
2015 $1,206,164,777,553 $51,726,758,677
2014 $1,380,244,561,362 $49,516,748,618
2013 $1,362,186,923,158 $43,024,018,082
2012 $1,330,994,811,670 $37,632,919,967
2011 $1,487,568,659,241 $55,018,567,211
2010 $1,427,989,078,917 $58,962,978,034
2009 $1,496,587,590,848 $51,621,044,077
2008 $1,636,115,447,613 $64,833,083,257
2007 $1,476,746,276,855 $59,440,139,775
2006 $1,261,846,683,275 $45,263,831,634
2005 $1,154,667,551,776 $35,182,711,988
2004 $1,069,829,382,515 $26,646,007,251
2003 $907,963,217,058 $21,355,298,460
2002 $708,938,227,244 $18,137,128,388
2001 $627,798,682,379 $15,716,361,792
2000 $598,102,854,756 $12,257,299,147
1999 $634,394,904,387 $10,682,028,340
1998 $618,731,484,575 $11,250,221,537
1997 $589,739,772,727 $11,681,175,864
1996 $642,251,412,058 $9,018,300,725
1995 $614,170,002,669 $13,830,363,900
1994 $530,183,651,720 $12,793,794,737
1993 $524,700,572,624 $8,881,005,436
1992 $630,465,353,486 $7,031,933,492
1991 $576,753,902,322 $44,171,194,366
1990 $536,175,326,477 $33,641,222,222
1989 $414,460,794,097 $21,408,111,111
1988 $375,891,716,898 $14,372,555,556
1987 $318,520,253,335 $12,093,333,333
1986 $251,141,555,186 $10,092,200,000
1985 $180,664,322,896 $8,075,259,600
1984 $171,979,977,230 $10,447,615,385
1983 $170,829,074,246 $8,230,153,846
1982 $195,856,752,991 $8,732,542,274
1981 $202,663,023,968 $10,753,888,154
1980 $232,600,556,974 $8,951,800,000
1979 $214,448,666,336 $8,418,407,787
1978 $160,484,969,618 $8,128,719,315
1977 $132,354,665,936 $7,499,005,639
1976 $118,422,534,195 $6,013,210,816
1975 $114,695,060,870 $4,823,090,192
1974 $97,204,522,642 $3,958,931,660
1973 $78,583,355,226 $3,077,254,460
1972 $59,090,176,029 $2,483,055,722
1971 $46,586,119,760 $2,288,340,041
1970 $40,963,715,237 $2,100,229,759
1969 $37,090,689,288 $1,847,501,441
1968 $32,394,326,464 $1,677,771,401
1967 $32,570,905,397 $1,607,409,539
1966 $29,559,436,183 $1,484,491,676
1965 $25,479,619,607 $1,446,869,619
1964 $21,966,876,027 $1,388,282,600
1963 $19,631,714,760 $1,351,234,926
1962 $16,609,632,791 $1,328,259,625
1961 $14,238,126,760 $1,222,860,429
1960 $12,424,514,014 $1,126,364,162

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/sudan | CC BY

GDP per capita in Spain vs Sudan by year

Spain
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sudan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Spain Sudan
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $38,627 - $1,165 -
2024 $35,327 $57,965 $985 $2,116
2023 $33,493 $55,682 $797 $2,421
2022 $30,319 $51,399 $1,046 $3,355
2021 $30,799 $44,252 $712 $3,249
2020 $27,234 $39,328 $578 $3,349
2019 $29,787 $44,043 $710 $3,914
2018 $30,602 $41,015 $731 $4,199
2017 $28,381 $39,825 $967 $4,252
2016 $26,756 $37,613 $1,033 $4,470
2015 $25,982 $35,229 $1,292 $4,217
2014 $29,708 $33,761 $1,275 $4,261
2013 $29,229 $32,614 $1,139 $3,725
2012 $28,456 $31,870 $1,019 $3,710
2011 $31,825 $32,016 $1,522 $4,112
2010 $30,659 $31,805 $1,665 $3,806
2009 $32,280 $32,218 $1,493 $3,732
2008 $35,603 $33,350 $1,928 $3,938
2007 $32,652 $32,536 $1,814 $3,836
2006 $28,422 $30,749 $1,415 $3,637
2005 $26,451 $27,630 $1,125 $3,407
2004 $24,925 $26,160 $872 $3,215
2003 $21,522 $25,057 $714 $3,058
2002 $17,111 $24,378 $621 $2,898
2001 $15,368 $22,952 $551 $2,769
2000 $14,743 $21,582 $441 $2,616
1999 $15,708 $19,938 $394 $2,475
1998 $15,382 $19,083 $425 $2,428
1997 $14,722 $17,903 $453 $2,358
1996 $16,101 $16,971 $357 $2,006
1995 $15,461 $16,276 $561 $1,902
1994 $13,406 $15,582 $532 $1,805
1993 $13,330 $14,973 $379 $1,794
1992 $16,101 $14,855 $307 $1,710
1991 $14,801 $14,461 $1,966 $1,599
1990 $13,795 $13,676 $1,528 $1,468
1989 $10,674 - $992 -
1988 $9,696 - $680 -
1987 $8,234 - $584 -
1986 $6,509 - $497 -
1985 $4,696 - $406 -
1984 $4,487 - $534 -
1983 $4,475 - $431 -
1982 $5,156 - $472 -
1981 $5,367 - $605 -
1980 $6,204 - $525 -
1979 $5,766 - $515 -
1978 $4,353 - $518 -
1977 $3,625 - $497 -
1976 $3,277 - $413 -
1975 $3,208 - $343 -
1974 $2,748 - $291.5 -
1973 $2,246 - $235.8 -
1972 $1,708 - $198.2 -
1971 $1,361 - $189 -
1970 $1,211 - $179.6 -
1969 $1,109 - $163.5 -
1968 $978 - $153.7 -
1967 $997 - $152.4 -
1966 $916 - $145.6 -
1965 $797 - $146.8 -
1964 $695 - $145.7 -
1963 $627 - $146.6 -
1962 $535 - $148.9 -
1961 $463 - $141.6 -
1960 $408 - $134.7 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/sudan | CC BY

Spain's GDP per capita is $38,627, ranking 31/197, compared to $1,165 in Sudan, ranking 175/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Spain ranks 34th at $57,965, while Sudan ranks 185th at $2,116.

Economic indicators

Spain Sudan
Gross domestic product
$1.91T
2025
$60.2B
2025
GDP rank
12/197
2025
91/197
2025
GDP growth
2.82%
2024-2025
3.06%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$38,627
2025
$1,165
2025
GDP per capita rank
31/197
2025
175/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$57,965
2024
$2,116
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
34/197
2024
185/197
2024
Government debt
$1.91T
2025
$113B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
100.4%
2025
187.6%
2025
Government debt per person
$38,794
2025
$2,184
2025
Government debt per person rank
20/185
2025
117/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$24,910
2026
$1,787
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$1.3T
2025
n/a
Number of millionaires
1,077,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
34
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.5%
2023
27.8%
2014
Income share by poorest 10%
2.2%
2023
3.2%
2014
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.7%
2025
5.99%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.7%
2024-2025
138.8%
2021-2022
Unemployment rate
10.5%
2025
7.53%
2022
Population
49323658
54156832

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Spain
Spending

Debt
Sudan
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Spain Sudan
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 44.7% 100.4% 5.99% 187.6%
2024 45.5% 101.6% 6.39% 262.6%
2023 45.4% 105.1% 8.23% 261.2%
2022 46.3% 109.2% 17.9% 189%
2021 49.5% 115.6% 9.84% 191.3%
2020 51.4% 119.2% 10.9% 278.8%
2019 42% 97.6% 18.7% 216.5%
2018 41.5% 99.7% 16.8% 209.8%
2017 41% 101.1% 12.8% 149.5%
2016 42.1% 102% 9.98% 109.9%
2015 43.7% 102.4% 12.4% 93.2%
2014 45.1% 104.4% 13.5% 84.4%
2013 46.2% 100% 15.3% 105.8%
2012 49.2% 89.6% 16.5% 117.7%
2011 45.9% 69.5% 18.2% 78.1%
2010 45.8% 60.3% 17.4% 74.6%
2009 46.1% 53.1% 18.8% 71%
2008 41.3% 39.6% 19.7% 55.8%
2007 39.2% 35.7% 19.6% 53.7%
2006 38.4% 39% 18.8% 63.7%
2005 38.4% 42.4% 19.7% 75.5%
2004 38.8% 45.3% 16.5% 97.8%
2003 38.4% 47.7% 12.5% 117.4%
2002 38.6% 51.2% 10.5% 121.7%
2001 38.4% 54.1% 9.87% 125.6%
2000 39.1% 57.8% 10.4% 143.2%
1999 40% 60.9% 8.4% 160.5%
1998 41% 62.4% 7.79% 179.7%
1997 41.5% 64.3% 7.38% 167.7%
1996 42.9% 65.4% 9.31% 220.9%
1995 44.1% 61.6% 12.9% 239%
1994 44.8% 57% 19.6% 386%
1993 46.3% 54.6% 23.7% 285.9%
1992 43.9% 44.1% 50.4% 495%
1991 42.6% 41.9% 45.7% -
1990 41.1% 41.3% 31% -
1989 32.1% 39.2% - -
1988 28.6% 38.2% - -
1987 31.1% 42.1% - -
1986 28.4% 36.5% - -
1985 27.6% 31.5% - -
1984 27% 18.3% - -
1983 26% 13.4% - -
1982 21.5% 12% - -
1981 18.1% 10.9% - -
1980 16.3% 10.2% - -
1979 14.3% 9.88% - -
1978 14.3% 9.93% - -
1977 12.8% 8.75% - -
1976 11.5% 8.21% - -
1975 11.4% 11.9% - -
1974 11.4% 13.6% - -
1973 9.88% 16.3% - -
1972 12.5% 17.6% - -
1971 14% 17.9% - -
1970 12.3% 19.2% - -
1969 12.3% 18.8% - -
1968 12.8% 18.3% - -
1967 12.5% 17.6% - -
1966 11.8% 17.7% - -
1965 14% 18.1% - -
1964 12.7% 19.5% - -
1963 12.4% 21% - -
1962 10.6% 24.4% - -
1961 9.97% 26.7% - -
1960 11% 29.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/sudan | CC BY

In 2025, Spain's government spending was $852B, accounting for 44.7% of its GDP, while Sudan spent $3.61B, or 5.99% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 100.4% in Spain and 187.6% in Sudan, ranking 25/185 and 4/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Spain

Sudan
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Spain Sudan
2025 -2.5% -3.1%
2024 -3.22% -3.46%
2023 -3.34% -3.7%
2022 -4.59% -2.15%
2021 -6.66% -0.29%
2020 -10% -6.04%
2019 -3.04% -10.8%
2018 -2.58% -7.92%
2017 -3.1% -6.07%
2016 -4.26% -3.92%
2015 -5.26% -3.87%
2014 -6.07% -4.72%
2013 -7.49% -5.76%
2012 -11.5% -7.37%
2011 -9.69% -2.33%
2010 -9.49% 0.11%
2009 -11.2% -3.8%
2008 -4.56% 0.49%
2007 1.88% -2.84%
2006 2.12% -1.32%
2005 1.23% -1.88%
2004 -0.1% 0.16%
2003 -0.37% 0.77%
2002 -0.32% -0.69%
2001 -0.45% -0.77%
2000 -1.16% -0.7%
1999 -1.24% -0.8%
1998 -2.63% -0.56%
1997 -3.86% -0.59%
1996 -5.87% -2.61%
1995 -6.79% -3.48%
1994 -6.31% -3.03%
1993 -6.89% -8.04%
1992 -4.26% -24.5%
1991 -4.58% -26.5%
1990 -3.9% -16.2%
1989 -3.24% -
1988 -2.95% -
1987 -3.52% -
1986 -5.18% -
1985 -6.04% -
1984 -5.25% -
1983 -4.77% -
1982 -5.76% -
1981 -2.88% -
1980 -2.55% -
1979 -1.51% -
1978 -1.63% -
1977 -0.24% -
1976 0.43% -
1975 0.26% -
1974 0.11% -
1973 1.09% -
1972 0.24% -
1971 -0.96% -
1970 0.09% -
1969 -0.06% -
1968 -0.55% -
1967 -0.32% -
1966 0.07% -
1965 -0.04% -
1964 0.18% -
1963 -0.54% -
1962 1.27% -
1961 1.9% -
1960 0.69% -
1959 0.54% -
1958 0.23% -
1957 1.13% -
1956 -0.05% -
1955 0.6% -
1954 0.7% -
1953 1.02% -
1952 0.81% -
1951 -0.24% -
1950 -0.44% -
1949 -0.35% -
1948 -1.21% -
1947 -1.09% -
1946 -2.24% -
1945 -4.56% -
1944 -5.44% -
1943 -7.73% -
1942 -2.48% -
1941 -4.34% -
1940 -3.54% -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 -0.49% -
1934 -1.17% -
1933 -0.72% -
1932 -0.3% -
1931 0.1% -
1930 0.3% -
1929 -0.07% -
1928 -0.31% -
1927 -0.54% -
1926 -0.65% -
1925 -1.19% -
1924 -1.76% -
1923 -1.89% -
1922 -2.26% -
1921 -3.33% -
1920 -2.4% -
1919 -1.82% -
1918 -1.8% -
1917 -1.49% -
1916 -1.15% -
1915 -2.97% -
1914 -1.04% -
1913 -0.09% -
1912 -0.33% -
1911 0.19% -
1910 0.09% -
1909 -0.29% -
1908 0.59% -
1907 0.66% -
1906 0.91% -
1905 0.71% -
1904 0.52% -
1903 0.28% -
1902 0.74% -
1901 0.69% -
1900 1.04% -
1899 2.75% -
1898 0.13% -
1897 -0.64% -
1896 0.46% -
1895 0.83% -
1894 -0.08% -
1893 0.87% -
1892 -0.67% -
1891 -0.41% -
1890 -0.4% -
1889 -0.38% -
1888 -0.97% -
1887 -0.73% -
1886 -0.08% -
1885 -0.78% -
1884 -0.23% -
1883 -0.38% -
1882 0.38% -
1881 0.08% -
1880 -0.02% -
1879 -0.52% -
1878 -0.08% -
1877 0.11% -
1876 0.1% -
1875 -1.42% -
1874 -0.1% -
1873 2.22% -
1872 -2.27% -
1871 -2.64% -
1870 -3.42% -
1869 -2.64% -
1868 -1.46% -
1867 -0.79% -
1866 -0.83% -
1865 -1.84% -
1864 -2.48% -
1863 -1.55% -
1862 -1.76% -
1861 -1.77% -
1860 -0.94% -
1859 0.39% -
1858 -0.44% -
1857 -0.41% -
1856 -0.46% -
1855 -0.76% -
1854 -0.32% -
1853 -0.02% -
1852 -0.11% -
1851 -0.25% -
1850 0.31% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/sudan | CC BY

In 2025, Spain's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $47.6B, equivalent to 2.5% of GDP. This compares to Sudan's deficit of $1.87B, or 3.1% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Spain recorded a fiscal deficit in 33 of those years, while Sudan ran a deficit in 32 years. On average, Spain posted an annual deficit equal to 4.23% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.67% of GDP for Sudan.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Spain

Sudan
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Spain Sudan
2025 2.7% -
2024 2.75% -
2023 3.53% -
2022 8.39% 138.8%
2021 3.09% 359%
2020 -0.32% 163.3%
2019 0.7% 51%
2018 1.67% 63.3%
2017 1.96% 32.4%
2016 -0.2% 17.8%
2015 -0.5% 16.9%
2014 -0.15% 36.9%
2013 1.41% 36.5%
2012 2.45% 35.6%
2011 3.2% 18.1%
2010 1.8% 13%
2009 -0.29% 11.3%
2008 4.08% 14.3%
2007 2.79% 14.8%
2006 3.52% 7.2%
2005 3.37% 8.51%
2004 3.04% 9.66%
2003 3.04% 6.49%
2002 3.07% 22.2%
2001 3.59% 1.94%
2000 3.43% 7.12%
1999 2.31% 17.2%
1998 1.83% 24.6%
1997 1.97% 47.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/sudan | CC BY

Over the past 26 years, Spain has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.28%, compared with 45.2% in Sudan. In 2022, inflation was 2.7% in Spain and 138.8% in Sudan.

Top exports between countries

Spain
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $5.83M
Machinery & equipment $3.95M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.81M
Metals $2.69M
Textiles & consumer goods $880K
Raw materials & minerals $770K
Miscellaneous $481K
Raw agricultural goods $183K
Animal & marine products $88K
Wood & paper products $6K
Sudan
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $671K
Machinery & equipment $21K

Balance of trade

Spain Sudan
Current account balance
$56B
2025
-$4.44B
2022
Current account balance ranking
12/190
2025
162/190
2022
Current account balance, % of GDP
+2.94%
2025
-8.6%
2022
Goods imports
$499B
2025
$9.99B
2022
Goods exports
$443B
2025
$4.36B
2022
Service imports
$127B
2025
$1.59B
2022
Service exports
$256B
2025
$1.55B
2022
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.8%
2025
1.28%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
36.6%
2025
1.1%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Spain Sudan
Economic freedom 66.8 32.5
Economic freedom ranking 59/197 191/197
Property rights 88 6.5
Government integrity 64.2 13.8
Judicial effectiveness 74.3 2.4
Tax burden 58.2 84.7
Government spending 37.3 96.5
Fiscal health 57.3 64.6
Business freedom 82.6 27.3
Labor freedom 61.7 33.6
Monetary freedom 78.2 6.2
Trade freedom 79.4 29.6
Investment freedom 60 5
Financial freedom 60 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Spain
Sudan
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Spain Sudan
2026 66.8 32.5
2025 66.3 35.3
2024 63.3 33.9
2023 65 32.8
2022 68.2 32
2021 69.9 39.1
2020 66.9 45
2019 65.7 47.7
2018 65.1 49.4
2017 63.6 48.8
2016 68.5 -
2015 67.6 -
2014 67.2 -
2013 68 -
2012 69.1 -
2011 70.2 -
2010 69.6 -
2009 70.1 -
2008 69.1 -
2007 69.2 -
2006 68.2 -
2005 67 -
2004 68.9 -
2003 68.8 -
2002 68.8 -
2001 68.1 -
2000 65.9 47.2
1999 65.1 39.6
1998 62.6 38.3
1997 59.6 39.9
1996 59.6 39.2
1995 62.8 39.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/sudan | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Spain is 66.8, ranking 59/197, compared to 32.5 for Sudan, ranking 191/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Spain Sudan
Services, % of GDP
68.4%
2025
37%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
19.6%
2025
33.6%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.68%
2025
29.4%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$1.83T
2025
$46.3B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$59,830
2025
$2,140
2025
Total reserves including gold
$129B
2025
$178M
2017
Total reserves ranking
23/177
2025
171/177
2017
Net foreign direct investment
$18.3B
2025
-$574M
2022
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$42.8B
2024
$548M
2023
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$71.5B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
0.42%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
20.2%
2022
46.5%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.4%
2025
0.73%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/sudan | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2018–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.