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Economy of Belize vs Spain compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Belize has a GDP of $3.2B compared to $1.73T for Spain, ranking 168/197 and 15/197 by economy size, respectively.

Belize has $2.1B in government debt (65.4% of GDP), compared to $1.75T (101.6% of GDP) in Spain.

Belize vs Spain GDP by year

Belize
Spain
1x
Year GDP, current $
Belize Spain
2024 $3,203,631,800 $1,725,671,652,742
2023 $3,052,362,650 $1,619,481,980,720
2022 $2,846,604,350 $1,448,850,658,407
2021 $2,428,606,250 $1,461,244,901,853
2020 $2,047,284,600 $1,289,783,836,971
2019 $2,381,187,850 $1,403,496,387,686
2018 $2,285,915,050 $1,431,642,809,327
2017 $2,266,028,250 $1,321,754,088,819
2016 $2,239,604,950 $1,243,015,667,917
2015 $2,193,095,150 $1,206,164,777,553
2014 $2,138,242,200 $1,380,244,561,362
2013 $2,035,191,450 $1,362,186,923,158
2012 $1,917,083,500 $1,330,994,811,670
2011 $1,831,576,700 $1,487,568,659,241
2010 $1,748,988,400 $1,427,989,078,917
2009 $1,688,012,750 $1,496,587,590,848
2008 $1,738,453,600 $1,636,115,447,613
2007 $1,706,190,450 $1,476,746,276,855
2006 $1,590,463,100 $1,261,846,683,275
2005 $1,474,298,400 $1,154,667,551,776
2004 $1,400,202,000 $1,069,829,382,515
2003 $1,308,280,250 $907,963,217,058
2002 $1,243,912,050 $708,938,227,244
2001 $1,172,045,150 $627,798,682,379
2000 $1,138,138,100 $598,102,854,756
1999 $999,713,050 $634,394,904,387
1998 $929,047,000 $618,731,484,575
1997 $872,916,050 $589,739,772,727
1996 $850,339,100 $642,251,412,058
1995 $818,590,250 $614,170,002,669
1994 $771,838,000 $530,183,651,720
1993 $752,255,150 $524,700,572,624
1992 $695,741,150 $630,465,353,486
1991 $596,682,100 $576,753,902,322
1990 $546,750,912 $536,175,326,477
1989 $491,100,000 $414,460,794,097
1988 $421,450,000 $375,891,716,898
1987 $371,100,000 $318,520,253,335
1986 $311,500,000 $251,141,555,186
1985 $287,300,000 $180,664,322,896
1984 $290,350,000 $171,979,977,230
1983 $262,150,000 $170,829,074,246
1982 $248,550,000 $195,856,752,991
1981 $260,750,000 $202,663,023,968
1980 $257,400,000 $232,600,556,974
1979 $151,800,000 $214,448,666,336
1978 $136,300,000 $160,484,969,618
1977 $117,650,000 $132,354,665,936
1976 $97,094,227 $118,422,534,195
1975 $118,194,026 $114,695,060,870
1974 $103,160,450 $97,204,522,642
1973 $78,214,768 $78,583,355,226
1972 $65,998,069 $59,090,176,029
1971 $59,074,687 $46,586,119,760
1970 $53,339,893 $40,963,715,237
1969 $47,399,905 $37,090,689,288
1968 $44,999,910 $32,394,326,464
1967 $47,431,256 $32,570,905,397
1966 $44,450,044 $29,559,436,183
1965 $40,110,040 $25,479,619,607
1964 $36,194,586 $21,966,876,027
1963 $33,750,114 $19,631,714,760
1962 $31,857,592 $16,609,632,791
1961 $29,965,000 $14,238,126,760
1960 $28,072,478 $12,424,514,014

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/spain | CC BY

GDP per capita in Belize vs Spain by year

Belize
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Spain
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Belize Spain
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $7,681 $14,347 $35,327 $57,965
2023 $7,425 $13,730 $33,493 $55,682
2022 $7,068 $13,461 $30,319 $51,399
2021 $6,143 $11,716 $30,799 $44,252
2020 $5,239 $9,639 $27,234 $39,328
2019 $6,172 $10,500 $29,787 $44,043
2018 $6,012 $9,497 $30,602 $41,015
2017 $6,072 $9,121 $28,381 $39,825
2016 $6,141 $9,399 $26,756 $37,613
2015 $6,155 $9,538 $25,982 $35,229
2014 $6,128 $9,490 $29,708 $33,761
2013 $5,957 $9,526 $29,229 $32,614
2012 $5,733 $9,303 $28,456 $31,870
2011 $5,596 $9,722 $31,825 $32,016
2010 $5,461 $9,748 $30,659 $31,805
2009 $5,400 $9,728 $32,280 $32,218
2008 $5,712 $9,975 $35,603 $33,350
2007 $5,762 $10,226 $32,652 $32,536
2006 $5,525 $9,910 $28,422 $30,749
2005 $5,270 $9,466 $26,451 $27,630
2004 $5,154 $9,245 $24,925 $26,160
2003 $4,960 $8,850 $21,522 $25,057
2002 $4,859 $8,154 $17,111 $24,378
2001 $4,719 $7,852 $15,368 $22,952
2000 $4,727 $7,544 $14,743 $21,582
1999 $4,290 $6,790 $15,708 $19,938
1998 $4,126 $6,333 $15,382 $19,083
1997 $4,014 $6,243 $14,722 $17,903
1996 $4,043 $6,087 $16,101 $16,971
1995 $4,010 $6,091 $15,461 $16,276
1994 $3,877 $6,073 $13,406 $15,582
1993 $3,860 $6,075 $13,330 $14,973
1992 $3,643 $5,706 $16,101 $14,855
1991 $3,190 $5,053 $14,801 $14,461
1990 $2,986 $4,467 $13,795 $13,676
1989 $2,742 - $10,674 -
1988 $2,406 - $9,696 -
1987 $2,166 - $8,234 -
1986 $1,859 - $6,509 -
1985 $1,754 - $4,696 -
1984 $1,814 - $4,487 -
1983 $1,677 - $4,475 -
1982 $1,629 - $5,156 -
1981 $1,753 - $5,367 -
1980 $1,774 - $6,204 -
1979 $1,071 - $5,766 -
1978 $983 - $4,353 -
1977 $866 - $3,625 -
1976 $729 - $3,277 -
1975 $906 - $3,208 -
1974 $805 - $2,748 -
1973 $619 - $2,246 -
1972 $529 - $1,708 -
1971 $481 - $1,361 -
1970 $442 - $1,211 -
1969 $402 - $1,109 -
1968 $392 - $978 -
1967 $426 - $997 -
1966 $412 - $916 -
1965 $383 - $797 -
1964 $356 - $695 -
1963 $342 - $627 -
1962 $332 - $535 -
1961 $320 - $463 -
1960 $307 - $408 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/spain | CC BY

Belize's GDP per capita is $7,681, ranking 98/197, compared to $35,327 in Spain, ranking 32/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Belize ranks 117th at $14,347, while Spain ranks 34th at $57,965.

Economic indicators

Belize Spain
Gross domestic product
$3.2B
2024
$1.73T
2024
GDP rank
168/197
2024
15/197
2024
GDP growth
3.5%
2023-2024
3.46%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$7,681
2024
$35,327
2024
GDP per capita rank
98/197
2024
32/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$14,347
2024
$57,965
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
117/197
2024
34/197
2024
Government debt
$2.1B
2024
$1.75T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
65.4%
2024
101.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$5,026
2024
$35,909
2024
Government debt per person rank
78/185
2024
20/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$9,204
2026
$25,470
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$754B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
1,202,000
2025
Number of billionaires
1
2025
34
2025
Income share by richest 10%
30%
2018
24.5%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.2%
2018
2.2%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.3%
2024
45.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.3%
2023-2024
2.77%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
29.3%
2020
11.3%
2024
Population
430409
48806901

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Belize
Spending

Debt
Spain
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Belize Spain
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 26.3% 65.4% 45.3% 101.6%
2023 25.8% 67.5% 45.5% 105.1%
2022 23.4% 66.8% 46.4% 109.2%
2021 25.7% 82.2% 49.5% 115.6%
2020 33.2% 103% 51.4% 119.2%
2019 27.5% 78.6% 42% 97.6%
2018 26.9% 79% 41.5% 99.7%
2017 27.7% 78.1% 41% 101.1%
2016 27.7% 70.5% 42.1% 102%
2015 27.9% 65.1% 43.7% 102.4%
2014 24.8% 61.5% 45.1% 104.4%
2013 23.8% 62.8% 46.2% 100%
2012 22.1% 63.1% 49.2% 89.6%
2011 23.5% 66.2% 45.9% 69.5%
2010 23.3% 68.4% 45.8% 60.3%
2009 23.2% 69.7% 46.1% 53.1%
2008 21.8% 64.7% 41.3% 39.6%
2007 22.1% 66.4% 39.2% 35.7%
2006 21.2% 71.4% 38.4% 39%
2005 21.4% 72.7% 38.4% 42.4%
2004 21.7% 70.7% 38.8% 45.3%
2003 24.6% 67.2% 38.4% 47.7%
2002 24.4% 53.2% 38.6% 51.2%
2001 25.9% 49.5% 38.4% 54.1%
2000 23.2% 79% 39.1% 57.8%
1999 23.6% 41.5% 40% 60.9%
1998 20.9% 38.7% 41% 62.4%
1997 19.9% 39.4% 41.5% 64.3%
1996 19.9% 38.4% 42.9% 65.4%
1995 - - 44.1% 61.6%
1994 - - 44.8% 57%
1993 - - 46.3% 54.6%
1992 - - 43.9% 44.1%
1991 - - 42.6% 41.9%
1990 - - 41.1% 41.3%
1989 - - 32.1% 39.2%
1988 - - 28.6% 38.2%
1987 - - 31.1% 42.1%
1986 - - 28.4% 36.5%
1985 - - 27.6% 31.5%
1984 - - 27% 18.3%
1983 - - 26% 13.4%
1982 - - 21.5% 12%
1981 - - 18.1% 10.9%
1980 - - 16.3% 10.2%
1979 - - 14.3% 9.88%
1978 - - 14.3% 9.93%
1977 - - 12.8% 8.75%
1976 - - 11.5% 8.21%
1975 - - 11.4% 11.9%
1974 - - 11.4% 13.6%
1973 - - 9.88% 16.3%
1972 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1971 - - 14% 17.9%
1970 - - 12.3% 19.2%
1969 - - 12.3% 18.8%
1968 - - 12.8% 18.3%
1967 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1966 - - 11.8% 17.7%
1965 - - 14% 18.1%
1964 - - 12.7% 19.5%
1963 - - 12.4% 21%
1962 - - 10.6% 24.4%
1961 - - 9.97% 26.7%
1960 - - 11% 29.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/spain | CC BY

In 2024, Belize's government spending was $842M, accounting for 26.3% of its GDP, while Spain spent $782B, or 45.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 65.4% in Belize and 101.6% in Spain, ranking 67/185 and 21/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Belize

Spain
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Belize Spain
2024 -1.23% -3.15%
2023 -2.42% -3.52%
2022 -1.04% -4.63%
2021 -3.29% -6.66%
2020 -8.57% -10%
2019 -2.9% -3.04%
2018 -1.37% -2.58%
2017 -3.48% -3.1%
2016 -4.47% -4.26%
2015 -5.14% -5.26%
2014 -1.72% -6.07%
2013 -1.21% -7.49%
2012 -0.22% -11.5%
2011 -1.06% -9.69%
2010 -1.9% -9.49%
2009 -2.46% -11.2%
2008 1.25% -4.56%
2007 -0.19% 1.88%
2006 -2.27% 2.12%
2005 -3.7% 1.23%
2004 -4.52% -0.1%
2003 -8.41% -0.37%
2002 -5.41% -0.32%
2001 -7.23% -0.45%
2000 -6.68% -1.16%
1999 -6.51% -1.24%
1998 -2.69% -2.63%
1997 -1.81% -3.86%
1996 -1.76% -5.87%
1995 - -6.79%
1994 - -6.31%
1993 - -6.89%
1992 - -4.26%
1991 - -4.58%
1990 - -3.9%
1989 - -3.24%
1988 - -2.95%
1987 - -3.52%
1986 - -5.18%
1985 - -6.04%
1984 - -5.25%
1983 - -4.77%
1982 - -5.76%
1981 - -2.88%
1980 - -2.55%
1979 - -1.51%
1978 - -1.63%
1977 - -0.24%
1976 - 0.43%
1975 - 0.26%
1974 - 0.11%
1973 - 1.09%
1972 - 0.24%
1971 - -0.96%
1970 - 0.09%
1969 - -0.06%
1968 - -0.55%
1967 - -0.32%
1966 - 0.07%
1965 - -0.04%
1964 - 0.18%
1963 - -0.54%
1962 - 1.27%
1961 - 1.9%
1960 - 0.69%
1959 - 0.54%
1958 - 0.23%
1957 - 1.13%
1956 - -0.05%
1955 - 0.6%
1954 - 0.7%
1953 - 1.02%
1952 - 0.81%
1951 - -0.24%
1950 - -0.44%
1949 - -0.35%
1948 - -1.21%
1947 - -1.09%
1946 - -2.24%
1945 - -4.56%
1944 - -5.44%
1943 - -7.73%
1942 - -2.48%
1941 - -4.34%
1940 - -3.54%
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -0.49%
1934 - -1.17%
1933 - -0.72%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.1%
1930 - 0.3%
1929 - -0.07%
1928 - -0.31%
1927 - -0.54%
1926 - -0.65%
1925 - -1.19%
1924 - -1.76%
1923 - -1.89%
1922 - -2.26%
1921 - -3.33%
1920 - -2.4%
1919 - -1.82%
1918 - -1.8%
1917 - -1.49%
1916 - -1.15%
1915 - -2.97%
1914 - -1.04%
1913 - -0.09%
1912 - -0.33%
1911 - 0.19%
1910 - 0.09%
1909 - -0.29%
1908 - 0.59%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.91%
1905 - 0.71%
1904 - 0.52%
1903 - 0.28%
1902 - 0.74%
1901 - 0.69%
1900 - 1.04%
1899 - 2.75%
1898 - 0.13%
1897 - -0.64%
1896 - 0.46%
1895 - 0.83%
1894 - -0.08%
1893 - 0.87%
1892 - -0.67%
1891 - -0.41%
1890 - -0.4%
1889 - -0.38%
1888 - -0.97%
1887 - -0.73%
1886 - -0.08%
1885 - -0.78%
1884 - -0.23%
1883 - -0.38%
1882 - 0.38%
1881 - 0.08%
1880 - -0.02%
1879 - -0.52%
1878 - -0.08%
1877 - 0.11%
1876 - 0.1%
1875 - -1.42%
1874 - -0.1%
1873 - 2.22%
1872 - -2.27%
1871 - -2.64%
1870 - -3.42%
1869 - -2.64%
1868 - -1.46%
1867 - -0.79%
1866 - -0.83%
1865 - -1.84%
1864 - -2.48%
1863 - -1.55%
1862 - -1.76%
1861 - -1.77%
1860 - -0.94%
1859 - 0.39%
1858 - -0.44%
1857 - -0.41%
1856 - -0.46%
1855 - -0.76%
1854 - -0.32%
1853 - -0.02%
1852 - -0.11%
1851 - -0.25%
1850 - 0.31%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/spain | CC BY

In 2024, Belize's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $39.4M, equivalent to 1.23% of GDP. This compares to Spain's deficit of $54.3B, or 3.15% of GDP.

Over the past 29 years, Belize recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while Spain ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, Belize posted an annual deficit equal to 3.19% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.04% of GDP for Spain.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Belize

Spain
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Belize Spain
2024 3.3% 2.77%
2023 4.4% 3.53%
2022 6.3% 8.39%
2021 3.2% 3.09%
2020 0.1% -0.32%
2019 0.2% 0.7%
2018 0.3% 1.67%
2017 1.1% 1.96%
2016 0.7% -0.2%
2015 -0.9% -0.5%
2014 1.2% -0.15%
2013 0.5% 1.41%
2012 1.2% 2.45%
2011 1.7% 3.2%
2010 0.9% 1.8%
2009 -1.1% -0.29%
2008 6.4% 4.08%
2007 2.3% 2.79%
2006 4.2% 3.52%
2005 3.7% 3.37%
2004 3.1% 3.04%
2003 2.6% 3.04%
2002 2.2% 3.07%
2001 1.1% 3.59%
2000 0.6% 3.43%
1999 -1.2% 2.31%
1998 -0.8% 1.83%
1997 1% 1.97%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/spain | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Belize has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.73%, compared with 2.34% in Spain. In 2024, inflation was 3.3% in Belize and 2.77% in Spain.

Top exports between countries

Belize
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $822K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $150K
Animal & marine products $84K
Chemicals & pharma $84K
Machinery & equipment $77K
Metals $28K
Miscellaneous $6K
Spain
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $4.54M
Metals $3.91M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.79M
Raw materials & minerals $568K
Chemicals & pharma $189K
Textiles & consumer goods $136K
Wood & paper products $76K
Miscellaneous $8K
Precious metals & jewellery $7K
Raw agricultural goods $3K

Balance of trade

Belize Spain
Current account balance
-$51.7M
2024
$54.9B
2024
Current account balance ranking
84/190
2024
13/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.61%
2024
+3.18%
2024
Goods imports
$1.36B
2024
$456B
2024
Goods exports
$482M
2024
$419B
2024
Service imports
$362M
2024
$111B
2024
Service exports
$1.16B
2024
$220B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.7%
2024
32.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
55.2%
2024
37.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Belize Spain
Economic freedom 64.7 66.8
Economic freedom ranking 71/197 59/197
Property rights 46.3 88
Government integrity 46.2 64.2
Judicial effectiveness 73.9 74.3
Tax burden 81.8 58.2
Government spending 81 37.3
Fiscal health 87.5 57.3
Business freedom 67.2 82.6
Labor freedom 57.6 61.7
Monetary freedom 72.6 78.2
Trade freedom 57.8 79.4
Investment freedom 55 60
Financial freedom 50 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Belize
Spain
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Belize Spain
2026 64.7 66.8
2025 64.2 66.3
2024 61.2 63.3
2023 59.8 65
2022 56.6 68.2
2021 57.5 69.9
2020 57.4 66.9
2019 55.4 65.7
2018 57.1 65.1
2017 58.6 63.6
2016 57.4 68.5
2015 56.8 67.6
2014 56.7 67.2
2013 57.3 68
2012 61.9 69.1
2011 63.8 70.2
2010 61.5 69.6
2009 63 70.1
2008 63 69.1
2007 63.3 69.2
2006 64.7 68.2
2005 64.5 67
2004 62.8 68.9
2003 63.5 68.8
2002 65.6 68.8
2001 65.9 68.1
2000 63.3 65.9
1999 60.7 65.1
1998 59.1 62.6
1997 64.3 59.6
1996 61.6 59.6
1995 62.9 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/spain | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Belize is 64.7, ranking 71/197, compared to 66.8 for Spain, ranking 59/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Belize Spain
Services, % of GDP
62.4%
2024
68.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
14.6%
2024
19.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
7.95%
2024
2.75%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.98B
2024
$1.64T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$13,760
2024
$57,670
2024
Total reserves including gold
$498M
2024
$108B
2024
Total reserves ranking
156/177
2024
26/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$126M
2024
$28.7B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$128M
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.61M
2024
$71.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
4.15%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
52%
2018
20.2%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
19.8%
2024
21.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.