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Economy of Myanmar vs Spain compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Myanmar has a GDP of $74.1B compared to $1.73T for Spain, ranking 85/197 and 15/197 by economy size, respectively.

Myanmar has $44B in government debt (59.3% of GDP), compared to $1.75T (101.6% of GDP) in Spain.

Myanmar vs Spain GDP by year

Myanmar
Spain
1x
Year GDP, current $
Myanmar Spain
2024 $74,068,349,524 $1,725,671,652,742
2023 $66,757,619,000 $1,619,481,980,720
2022 $62,253,049,903 $1,448,850,658,407
2021 $66,345,291,149 $1,461,244,901,853
2020 $79,006,113,670 $1,289,783,836,971
2019 $75,065,106,243 $1,403,496,387,686
2018 $67,860,515,993 $1,431,642,809,327
2017 $66,053,040,475 $1,321,754,088,819
2016 $63,298,361,984 $1,243,015,667,917
2015 $59,607,290,408 $1,206,164,777,553
2014 $65,531,374,210 $1,380,244,561,362
2013 $60,269,732,855 $1,362,186,923,158
2012 $59,937,796,648 $1,330,994,811,670
2011 $59,977,326,086 $1,487,568,659,241
2010 $49,540,813,342 $1,427,989,078,917
2009 $36,906,181,381 $1,496,587,590,848
2008 $31,862,554,102 $1,636,115,447,613
2007 $20,182,477,481 $1,476,746,276,855
2006 $14,502,553,710 $1,261,846,683,275
2005 $11,986,972,419 $1,154,667,551,776
2004 $10,567,354,056 $1,069,829,382,515
2003 $10,467,109,978 $907,963,217,058
2002 $6,777,632,512 $708,938,227,244
2001 $6,477,790,688 $627,798,682,379
2000 $8,905,066,164 $598,102,854,756
1999 $8,486,832,801 $634,394,904,387
1998 $6,459,461,639 $618,731,484,575
1997 $4,722,288,496 $589,739,772,727
1996 $6,123,556,717 $642,251,412,058
1995 $5,289,174,943 $614,170,002,669
1994 $4,432,257,174 $530,183,651,720
1993 $3,163,020,035 $524,700,572,624
1992 $2,411,552,289 $630,465,353,486
1991 $2,069,832,687 $576,753,902,322
1990 $2,115,193,513 $536,175,326,477
1989 $2,013,448,229 $414,460,794,097
1988 $1,541,088,312 $375,891,716,898
1987 $1,562,448,077 $318,520,253,335
1986 $1,582,873,750 $251,141,555,186
1985 $1,478,908,173 $180,664,322,896
1984 $1,304,063,253 $171,979,977,230
1983 $1,381,573,615 $170,829,074,246
1982 $1,481,165,468 $195,856,752,991
1981 $1,111,000,765 $202,663,023,968
1980 $1,038,225,167 $232,600,556,974
1979 $952,265,043 $214,448,666,336
1978 $935,408,775 $160,484,969,618
1977 $873,579,932 $132,354,665,936
1976 $1,204,699,849 $118,422,534,195
1975 $1,061,107,354 $114,695,060,870
1974 $1,225,589,878 $97,204,522,642
1973 $719,754,655 $78,583,355,226
1972 $662,213,083 $59,090,176,029
1971 $587,448,405 $46,586,119,760
1970 $563,555,631 $40,963,715,237
1969 $571,854,215 $37,090,689,288
1968 $559,956,130 $32,394,326,464
1967 $420,359,036 $32,570,905,397
1966 $293,103,479 $29,559,436,183
1965 $367,053,117 $25,479,619,607
1964 $411,419,906 $21,966,876,027
1963 $598,998,419 $19,631,714,760
1962 $634,528,872 $16,609,632,791
1961 $605,581,577 $14,238,126,760
1960 $545,098,448 $12,424,514,014

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar/spain | CC BY

GDP per capita in Myanmar vs Spain by year

Myanmar
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Spain
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Myanmar Spain
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $1,359 $5,997 $35,327 $57,965
2023 $1,233 $5,953 $33,493 $55,682
2022 $1,158 $5,732 $30,319 $51,399
2021 $1,243 $5,178 $30,799 $44,252
2020 $1,490 $5,741 $27,234 $39,328
2019 $1,426 $6,101 $29,787 $44,043
2018 $1,298 $5,581 $30,602 $41,015
2017 $1,273 $4,706 $28,381 $39,825
2016 $1,229 $4,460 $26,756 $37,613
2015 $1,167 $4,459 $25,982 $35,229
2014 $1,293 $4,376 $29,708 $33,761
2013 $1,199 $4,144 $29,229 $32,614
2012 $1,203 $3,845 $28,456 $31,870
2011 $1,214 $3,579 $31,825 $32,016
2010 $1,011 $3,348 $30,659 $31,805
2009 $758 $3,040 $32,280 $32,218
2008 $658 $2,748 $35,603 $33,350
2007 $419 $2,459 $32,652 $32,536
2006 $303 $2,153 $28,422 $30,749
2005 $252.7 $1,860 $26,451 $27,630
2004 $224.5 $1,601 $24,925 $26,160
2003 $224.3 $1,385 $21,522 $25,057
2002 $146.6 $1,204 $17,111 $24,378
2001 $141.5 $1,069 $15,368 $22,952
2000 $196.6 $949 $14,743 $21,582
1999 $189.5 $825 $15,708 $19,938
1998 $146 $742 $15,382 $19,083
1997 $108 $702 $14,722 $17,903
1996 $141.9 $661 $16,101 $16,971
1995 $124.1 $618 $15,461 $16,276
1994 $105.4 $573 $13,406 $15,582
1993 $76.2 $529 $13,330 $14,973
1992 $58.9 $494 $16,101 $14,855
1991 $51.2 $447 $14,801 $14,461
1990 $53.1 $441 $13,795 $13,676
1989 $51.3 - $10,674 -
1988 $39.9 - $9,696 -
1987 $41.1 - $8,234 -
1986 $42.4 - $6,509 -
1985 $40.4 - $4,696 -
1984 $36.3 - $4,487 -
1983 $39.3 - $4,475 -
1982 $43 - $5,156 -
1981 $32.8 - $5,367 -
1980 $31.2 - $6,204 -
1979 $29.2 - $5,766 -
1978 $29.3 - $4,353 -
1977 $27.9 - $3,625 -
1976 $39.2 - $3,277 -
1975 $35.2 - $3,208 -
1974 $41.4 - $2,748 -
1973 $24.8 - $2,246 -
1972 $23.3 - $1,708 -
1971 $21.1 - $1,361 -
1970 $20.7 - $1,211 -
1969 $21.5 - $1,109 -
1968 $21.5 - $978 -
1967 $16.5 - $997 -
1966 $11.8 - $916 -
1965 $15.1 - $797 -
1964 $17.3 - $695 -
1963 $25.8 - $627 -
1962 $27.9 - $535 -
1961 $27.3 - $463 -
1960 $25.1 - $408 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar/spain | CC BY

Myanmar's GDP per capita is $1,359, ranking 165/197, compared to $35,327 in Spain, ranking 32/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Myanmar ranks 153rd at $5,997, while Spain ranks 34th at $57,965.

Economic indicators

Myanmar Spain
Gross domestic product
$74.1B
2024
$1.73T
2024
GDP rank
85/197
2024
15/197
2024
GDP growth
-0.97%
2023-2024
3.46%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$1,359
2024
$35,327
2024
GDP per capita rank
165/197
2024
32/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$5,997
2024
$57,965
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
153/197
2024
34/197
2024
Government debt
$44B
2024
$1.75T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
59.3%
2024
101.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$806
2024
$35,909
2024
Government debt per person rank
150/185
2024
20/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,646
2026
$25,470
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$754B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
1,202,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
34
2025
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2017
24.5%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.8%
2017
2.2%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
20.7%
2024
45.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
8.83%
2018-2019
2.77%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
1.48%
2020
11.3%
2024
Population
55292116
48806901

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Myanmar
Spending

Debt
Spain
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Myanmar Spain
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 20.7% 59.3% 45.3% 101.6%
2023 21.4% 59.1% 45.5% 105.1%
2022 21.3% 56.1% 46.4% 109.2%
2021 20.9% 63.4% 49.5% 115.6%
2020 21.3% 49.1% 51.4% 119.2%
2019 20.5% 37.6% 42% 97.6%
2018 18.7% 39.9% 41.5% 99.7%
2017 19.7% 41.9% 41% 101.1%
2016 21.3% 35.7% 42.1% 102%
2015 23.7% 36.6% 43.7% 102.4%
2014 24.7% 34.5% 45.1% 104.4%
2013 23.9% 44.8% 46.2% 100%
2012 20% 48% 49.2% 89.6%
2011 15.6% 49.9% 45.9% 69.5%
2010 15.8% 54.4% 45.8% 60.3%
2009 14.4% 56.4% 46.1% 53.1%
2008 14.4% 59.8% 41.3% 39.6%
2007 15.7% 77.4% 39.2% 35.7%
2006 15.6% 103.1% 38.4% 39%
2005 14.6% 119% 38.4% 42.4%
2004 14.6% 126.6% 38.8% 45.3%
2003 14.3% 146% 38.4% 47.7%
2002 15.3% 190.6% 38.6% 51.2%
2001 19.1% 262% 38.4% 54.1%
2000 21.4% 164.5% 39.1% 57.8%
1999 22.8% 150.7% 40% 60.9%
1998 25.2% 208.6% 41% 62.4%
1997 - - 41.5% 64.3%
1996 - - 42.9% 65.4%
1995 - - 44.1% 61.6%
1994 - - 44.8% 57%
1993 - - 46.3% 54.6%
1992 - - 43.9% 44.1%
1991 - - 42.6% 41.9%
1990 - - 41.1% 41.3%
1989 - - 32.1% 39.2%
1988 - - 28.6% 38.2%
1987 - - 31.1% 42.1%
1986 - - 28.4% 36.5%
1985 - - 27.6% 31.5%
1984 - - 27% 18.3%
1983 - - 26% 13.4%
1982 - - 21.5% 12%
1981 - - 18.1% 10.9%
1980 - - 16.3% 10.2%
1979 - - 14.3% 9.88%
1978 - - 14.3% 9.93%
1977 - - 12.8% 8.75%
1976 - - 11.5% 8.21%
1975 - - 11.4% 11.9%
1974 - - 11.4% 13.6%
1973 - - 9.88% 16.3%
1972 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1971 - - 14% 17.9%
1970 - - 12.3% 19.2%
1969 - - 12.3% 18.8%
1968 - - 12.8% 18.3%
1967 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1966 - - 11.8% 17.7%
1965 - - 14% 18.1%
1964 - - 12.7% 19.5%
1963 - - 12.4% 21%
1962 - - 10.6% 24.4%
1961 - - 9.97% 26.7%
1960 - - 11% 29.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar/spain | CC BY

In 2024, Myanmar's government spending was $15.3B, accounting for 20.7% of its GDP, while Spain spent $782B, or 45.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 59.3% in Myanmar and 101.6% in Spain, ranking 81/185 and 21/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Myanmar

Spain
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Myanmar Spain
2024 -5.06% -3.15%
2023 -5.18% -3.52%
2022 -2.82% -4.63%
2021 -2.47% -6.66%
2020 -6.5% -10%
2019 -4.7% -3.04%
2018 -2.77% -2.58%
2017 -3.42% -3.1%
2016 -2.53% -4.26%
2015 -4.33% -5.26%
2014 -1.06% -6.07%
2013 -1.53% -7.49%
2012 -2.7% -11.5%
2011 -4.82% -9.69%
2010 -5.4% -9.49%
2009 -3.55% -11.2%
2008 -2.73% -4.56%
2007 -3.52% 1.88%
2006 -3.42% 2.12%
2005 -3.49% 1.23%
2004 -4.62% -0.1%
2003 -4.24% -0.37%
2002 -4.01% -0.32%
2001 -6.34% -0.45%
2000 -6.03% -1.16%
1999 -4.46% -1.24%
1998 -4.89% -2.63%
1997 - -3.86%
1996 - -5.87%
1995 - -6.79%
1994 - -6.31%
1993 - -6.89%
1992 - -4.26%
1991 - -4.58%
1990 - -3.9%
1989 - -3.24%
1988 - -2.95%
1987 - -3.52%
1986 - -5.18%
1985 - -6.04%
1984 - -5.25%
1983 - -4.77%
1982 - -5.76%
1981 - -2.88%
1980 - -2.55%
1979 - -1.51%
1978 - -1.63%
1977 - -0.24%
1976 - 0.43%
1975 - 0.26%
1974 - 0.11%
1973 - 1.09%
1972 - 0.24%
1971 - -0.96%
1970 - 0.09%
1969 - -0.06%
1968 - -0.55%
1967 - -0.32%
1966 - 0.07%
1965 - -0.04%
1964 - 0.18%
1963 - -0.54%
1962 - 1.27%
1961 - 1.9%
1960 - 0.69%
1959 - 0.54%
1958 - 0.23%
1957 - 1.13%
1956 - -0.05%
1955 - 0.6%
1954 - 0.7%
1953 - 1.02%
1952 - 0.81%
1951 - -0.24%
1950 - -0.44%
1949 - -0.35%
1948 - -1.21%
1947 - -1.09%
1946 - -2.24%
1945 - -4.56%
1944 - -5.44%
1943 - -7.73%
1942 - -2.48%
1941 - -4.34%
1940 - -3.54%
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -0.49%
1934 - -1.17%
1933 - -0.72%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.1%
1930 - 0.3%
1929 - -0.07%
1928 - -0.31%
1927 - -0.54%
1926 - -0.65%
1925 - -1.19%
1924 - -1.76%
1923 - -1.89%
1922 - -2.26%
1921 - -3.33%
1920 - -2.4%
1919 - -1.82%
1918 - -1.8%
1917 - -1.49%
1916 - -1.15%
1915 - -2.97%
1914 - -1.04%
1913 - -0.09%
1912 - -0.33%
1911 - 0.19%
1910 - 0.09%
1909 - -0.29%
1908 - 0.59%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.91%
1905 - 0.71%
1904 - 0.52%
1903 - 0.28%
1902 - 0.74%
1901 - 0.69%
1900 - 1.04%
1899 - 2.75%
1898 - 0.13%
1897 - -0.64%
1896 - 0.46%
1895 - 0.83%
1894 - -0.08%
1893 - 0.87%
1892 - -0.67%
1891 - -0.41%
1890 - -0.4%
1889 - -0.38%
1888 - -0.97%
1887 - -0.73%
1886 - -0.08%
1885 - -0.78%
1884 - -0.23%
1883 - -0.38%
1882 - 0.38%
1881 - 0.08%
1880 - -0.02%
1879 - -0.52%
1878 - -0.08%
1877 - 0.11%
1876 - 0.1%
1875 - -1.42%
1874 - -0.1%
1873 - 2.22%
1872 - -2.27%
1871 - -2.64%
1870 - -3.42%
1869 - -2.64%
1868 - -1.46%
1867 - -0.79%
1866 - -0.83%
1865 - -1.84%
1864 - -2.48%
1863 - -1.55%
1862 - -1.76%
1861 - -1.77%
1860 - -0.94%
1859 - 0.39%
1858 - -0.44%
1857 - -0.41%
1856 - -0.46%
1855 - -0.76%
1854 - -0.32%
1853 - -0.02%
1852 - -0.11%
1851 - -0.25%
1850 - 0.31%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar/spain | CC BY

In 2024, Myanmar's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $3.75B, equivalent to 5.06% of GDP. This compares to Spain's deficit of $54.3B, or 3.15% of GDP.

Over the past 27 years, Myanmar recorded a fiscal deficit in 27 of those years, while Spain ran a deficit in 24 years. On average, Myanmar posted an annual deficit equal to 3.95% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.97% of GDP for Spain.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Myanmar

Spain
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Myanmar Spain
2024 - 2.77%
2023 - 3.53%
2022 - 8.39%
2021 - 3.09%
2020 - -0.32%
2019 8.83% 0.7%
2018 6.87% 1.67%
2017 4.57% 1.96%
2016 6.93% -0.2%
2015 9.45% -0.5%
2014 4.95% -0.15%
2013 5.64% 1.41%
2012 1.47% 2.45%
2011 5.02% 3.2%
2010 7.72% 1.8%
2009 1.47% -0.29%
2008 26.8% 4.08%
2007 35% 2.79%
2006 20% 3.52%
2005 9.37% 3.37%
2004 4.53% 3.04%
2003 36.6% 3.04%
2002 57.1% 3.07%
2001 21.1% 3.59%
2000 -0.11% 3.43%
1999 18.4% 2.31%
1998 51.5% 1.83%
1997 29.7% 1.97%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar/spain | CC BY

Over the past 23 years, Myanmar has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 16.2%, compared with 2.09% in Spain. In 2019, inflation was 8.83% in Myanmar and 2.77% in Spain.

Top exports between countries

Myanmar
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $173M
Raw agricultural goods $63M
Machinery & equipment $5.55M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.61M
Wood & paper products $619K
Chemicals & pharma $254K
Animal & marine products $197K
Miscellaneous $190K
Raw materials & minerals $31K
Precious metals & jewellery $26K
Spain
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $239M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.87M
Chemicals & pharma $2.45M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.44M
Wood & paper products $1.23M
Animal & marine products $1.09M
Raw materials & minerals $996K
Metals $412K
Miscellaneous $274K
Raw agricultural goods $109K

Balance of trade

Myanmar Spain
Current account balance
$67.7M
2019
$54.9B
2024
Current account balance ranking
71/190
2019
13/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.09%
2019
+3.18%
2024
Goods imports
$13.7B
2019
$456B
2024
Goods exports
$10.8B
2019
$419B
2024
Service imports
$3.66B
2019
$111B
2024
Service exports
$6.68B
2019
$220B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP n/a
32.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
24.3%
2025
37.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Myanmar Spain
Economic freedom 44.5 66.8
Economic freedom ranking 180/197 59/197
Property rights 5.7 88
Government integrity 18.1 64.2
Judicial effectiveness 3.9 74.3
Tax burden 88.6 58.2
Government spending 86.6 37.3
Fiscal health 62.7 57.3
Business freedom 37.9 82.6
Labor freedom 53.2 61.7
Monetary freedom 57.5 78.2
Trade freedom 69.4 79.4
Investment freedom 30 60
Financial freedom 20 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Myanmar
Spain
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Myanmar Spain
2026 44.5 66.8
2025 43.7 66.3
2024 42.2 63.3
2023 46.5 65
2022 49.6 68.2
2021 55.2 69.9
2020 54 66.9
2019 53.6 65.7
2018 53.9 65.1
2017 52.5 63.6
2016 48.7 68.5
2015 46.9 67.6
2014 46.5 67.2
2013 39.2 68
2012 38.7 69.1
2011 37.8 70.2
2010 36.7 69.6
2009 37.7 70.1
2008 39.5 69.1
2007 41 69.2
2006 40 68.2
2005 40.5 67
2004 43.6 68.9
2003 44.9 68.8
2002 45.5 68.8
2001 46.1 68.1
2000 47.9 65.9
1999 46.4 65.1
1998 45.7 62.6
1997 45.4 59.6
1996 45.1 59.6
1995 - 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar/spain | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Myanmar is 44.5, ranking 180/197, compared to 66.8 for Spain, ranking 59/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Myanmar Spain
Services, % of GDP
41.4%
2024
68.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
37.8%
2024
19.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
20.8%
2024
2.75%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$65.9B
2024
$1.64T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$5,890
2024
$57,670
2024
Total reserves including gold
$9.34B
2023
$108B
2024
Total reserves ranking
81/177
2023
26/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.74B
2019
$28.7B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.1B
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$0
2024
$71.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
1.31%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
24.8%
2017
20.2%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP n/a
21.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar/spain | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.