Skip to content

Economy of Mexico vs Morocco compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Mexico has a GDP of $1.86T compared to $161B for Morocco, ranking 13/197 and 58/197 by economy size, respectively.

Mexico has $1.08T in government debt (58.3% of GDP), compared to $109B (67.7% of GDP) in Morocco.

Mexico vs Morocco GDP by year

Mexico
Morocco
1x
Year GDP, current $
Mexico Morocco
2024 $1,856,365,616,166 $160,610,994,055
2023 $1,798,317,581,487 $146,036,093,667
2022 $1,466,934,724,293 $131,245,312,804
2021 $1,316,569,466,686 $142,022,058,447
2020 $1,121,064,767,308 $121,353,645,057
2019 $1,304,106,203,902 $128,920,266,409
2018 $1,256,300,182,880 $127,341,147,582
2017 $1,190,721,475,906 $118,540,573,368
2016 $1,112,233,497,453 $111,572,947,005
2015 $1,213,294,467,717 $110,413,823,842
2014 $1,364,507,717,614 $119,130,841,412
2013 $1,327,436,290,283 $115,739,287,305
2012 $1,255,110,424,818 $106,937,392,311
2011 $1,229,013,703,417 $110,080,631,332
2010 $1,105,424,238,731 $100,865,329,473
2009 $943,437,415,025 $101,154,952,241
2008 $1,161,553,459,715 $101,822,906,949
2007 $1,102,355,554,972 $86,947,913,287
2006 $1,020,265,057,882 $75,883,823,301
2005 $917,571,853,529 $68,852,658,069
2004 $819,459,227,375 $66,114,145,451
2003 $765,549,967,703 $58,029,363,354
2002 $810,666,116,402 $47,077,192,188
2001 $796,064,590,549 $43,831,480,208
2000 $742,061,329,749 $43,017,455,402
1999 $631,249,359,702 $46,266,428,648
1998 $557,461,102,631 $46,497,608,725
1997 $523,449,530,464 $39,147,844,526
1996 $432,157,945,024 $43,161,571,528
1995 $380,157,469,867 $39,030,285,468
1994 $553,618,247,901 $35,604,137,423
1993 $530,160,763,663 $31,655,473,664
1992 $363,157,832,924 $33,711,069,431
1991 $313,139,656,146 $32,285,573,574
1990 $261,253,675,693 $30,179,954,775
1989 $221,403,098,267 $26,314,313,191
1988 $181,611,150,497 $25,705,296,184
1987 $147,542,558,209 $21,765,195,948
1986 $134,556,034,673 $19,462,085,540
1985 $195,241,069,482 $14,991,283,216
1984 $184,230,754,105 $14,824,667,954
1983 $156,167,000,433 $16,251,408,128
1982 $184,602,611,610 $17,692,276,734
1981 $263,797,827,860 $17,788,185,479
1980 $205,577,055,466 $21,728,516,153
1979 $134,531,900,899 $15,911,994,817
1978 $102,648,570,299 $13,236,946,234
1977 $81,912,018,784 $11,049,783,872
1976 $88,875,923,765 $9,584,297,284
1975 $88,000,000,000 $8,984,853,005
1974 $72,000,000,000 $7,675,466,449
1973 $55,280,000,000 $6,242,145,880
1972 $45,200,000,000 $5,074,117,545
1971 $39,200,000,000 $4,356,669,034
1970 $35,520,000,000 $3,956,336,244
1969 $32,480,000,000 $3,651,622,669
1968 $29,360,000,000 $3,271,422,333
1967 $26,560,000,000 $3,046,345,314
1966 $24,320,000,000 $2,876,401,297
1965 $21,840,000,000 $2,948,331,090
1964 $20,080,000,000 $2,798,345,299
1963 $16,960,000,000 $2,657,252,578
1962 $15,200,000,000 $2,379,611,125
1961 $14,160,000,000 $2,025,693,540
1960 $13,040,000,000 $2,037,154,742

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/morocco | CC BY

GDP per capita in Mexico vs Morocco by year

Mexico
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Morocco
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Mexico Morocco
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $14,186 $26,185 $4,218 $10,415
2023 $13,861 $25,243 $3,872 $9,895
2022 $11,406 $23,135 $3,516 $9,310
2021 $10,314 $20,783 $3,843 $8,623
2020 $8,841 $19,354 $3,317 $7,705
2019 $10,370 $20,964 $3,560 $8,046
2018 $10,085 $20,921 $3,553 $7,801
2017 $9,649 $20,489 $3,344 $8,115
2016 $9,098 $20,105 $3,186 $7,853
2015 $10,021 $19,071 $3,190 $7,799
2014 $11,391 $18,821 $3,483 $7,237
2013 $11,217 $18,170 $3,425 $7,542
2012 $10,744 $18,005 $3,206 $7,308
2011 $10,664 $17,267 $3,345 $7,274
2010 $9,729 $15,909 $3,107 $6,849
2009 $8,424 $15,191 $3,158 $6,629
2008 $10,524 $15,681 $3,222 $6,437
2007 $10,134 $15,032 $2,788 $6,058
2006 $9,513 $14,540 $2,466 $5,781
2005 $8,672 $13,260 $2,268 $5,275
2004 $7,850 $12,658 $2,207 $5,025
2003 $7,434 $12,066 $1,962 $4,741
2002 $7,983 $11,762 $1,612 $4,436
2001 $7,953 $11,739 $1,521 $4,269
2000 $7,524 $11,705 $1,513 $3,930
1999 $6,500 $11,031 $1,651 $3,801
1998 $5,833 $10,756 $1,683 $3,740
1997 $5,567 $10,182 $1,439 $3,502
1996 $4,674 $9,496 $1,610 $3,551
1995 $4,184 $8,933 $1,478 $3,152
1994 $6,202 $9,466 $1,369 $3,315
1993 $6,048 $9,041 $1,236 $2,979
1992 $4,221 $9,470 $1,337 $2,979
1991 $3,709 $9,079 $1,302 $3,025
1990 $3,154 $8,578 $1,238 $2,777
1989 $2,725 - $1,099 -
1988 $2,279 - $1,094 -
1987 $1,888 - $944 -
1986 $1,757 - $861 -
1985 $2,602 - $678 -
1984 $2,506 - $687 -
1983 $2,170 - $772 -
1982 $2,621 - $862 -
1981 $3,829 - $890 -
1980 $3,055 - $1,117 -
1979 $2,049 - $839 -
1978 $1,604 - $716 -
1977 $1,315 - $613 -
1976 $1,465 - $545 -
1975 $1,492 - $524 -
1974 $1,256 - $459 -
1973 $993 - $382 -
1972 $837 - $319 -
1971 $748 - $280.6 -
1970 $699 - $261.5 -
1969 $660 - $247.8 -
1968 $616 - $228 -
1967 $576 - $218.1 -
1966 $545 - $211.5 -
1965 $506 - $222.7 -
1964 $481 - $216.9 -
1963 $420 - $211.3 -
1962 $388 - $194.2 -
1961 $374 - $169.8 -
1960 $355 - $175.2 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/morocco | CC BY

Mexico's GDP per capita is $14,186, ranking 69/197, compared to $4,218 in Morocco, ranking 127/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Mexico ranks 80th at $26,185, while Morocco ranks 132nd at $10,415.

Economic indicators

Mexico Morocco
Gross domestic product
$1.86T
2024
$161B
2024
GDP rank
13/197
2024
58/197
2024
GDP growth
1.43%
2023-2024
3.79%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$14,186
2024
$4,218
2024
GDP per capita rank
69/197
2024
127/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$26,185
2024
$10,415
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
80/197
2024
132/197
2024
Government debt
$1.08T
2024
$109B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
58.3%
2024
67.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$8,272
2024
$2,857
2024
Government debt per person rank
63/185
2024
104/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,231
2026
$5,678
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$418B
2024
$74.5B
2024
Number of millionaires
399,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
22
2025
3
2025
Income share by richest 10%
34.4%
2022
31.9%
2013
Income share by poorest 10%
2.1%
2022
2.7%
2013
Government expenditure, % of GDP
30.3%
2024
33%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.72%
2023-2024
0.99%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
7%
2025
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
2.62%
2024
11.8%
2022
Population
133323134
38871720

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Mexico
Spending

Debt
Morocco
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Mexico Morocco
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 30.3% 58.3% 33% 67.7%
2023 28.5% 52.6% 32% 68.7%
2022 28.5% 53.8% 33.7% 71.4%
2021 26.7% 56.7% 31% 69.4%
2020 27.8% 58.5% 34.1% 72.2%
2019 25.3% 51.9% 27.6% 60.3%
2018 25% 52.2% 27.8% 60.5%
2017 25% 52.5% 27.9% 60.3%
2016 26.5% 55% 28.6% 60.1%
2015 26.6% 51% 28.5% 58.4%
2014 26.9% 47.1% 30.7% 58.6%
2013 26.7% 44.1% 30.4% 57.1%
2012 27% 40.8% 32.5% 52.3%
2011 26.6% 41.2% 31.2% 48.6%
2010 26.5% 40.2% 28.7% 45.3%
2009 26.5% 41.7% 28.1% 42.6%
2008 26.5% 40.6% 28.3% 42%
2007 22.5% 35.5% 26.4% 47.1%
2006 21.6% 35.8% 26% 50.6%
2005 21.2% 36.8% 28.6% 54.8%
2004 20.5% 38.9% 24.5% 54.4%
2003 21.5% 42.1% 24.1% 56.9%
2002 19.8% 39.9% 25.8% 59.4%
2001 19.5% 37.3% 23.7% 60.4%
2000 19.4% 38.5% 22.8% 64.9%
1999 20.1% 41.7% 18.4% 63.4%
1998 19.5% 39.7% 18.7% 64.5%
1997 20.7% 39.1% 18.6% 68%
1996 20.8% 42.5% 17.6% 65.3%
1995 18.9% 30.7% 21.3% 72.2%
1994 18.9% 26.8% 21.7% 69.3%
1993 18.2% 19.2% 23.1% 74.7%
1992 19% 21.5% 22.3% 67%
1991 20.1% 29.2% 20.8% 59.1%
1990 22.9% 35.7% 22.6% 70.5%
1989 19.2% 36% - -
1988 23.6% 36.5% - -
1987 26.7% 52.7% - -
1986 25.1% 47.8% - -
1985 21.4% 30.4% - -
1984 19.8% 25.2% - -
1983 21.6% 25.3% - -
1982 24.7% 29.8% - -
1981 20.1% 41.7% - -
1980 17.5% 31.4% - -
1979 16.5% 35.8% - -
1978 15.7% 39% - -
1977 15.5% 41.5% - -
1976 15.5% 31.3% - -
1975 14.7% 24.4% - -
1974 13.8% 21.7% - -
1973 12.7% 20% - -
1972 11.9% 17.9% - -
1971 10.6% 17% - -
1970 10.9% 17.1% - -
1969 11.8% 10.7% - -
1968 10.9% 7.85% - -
1967 10.4% 8.22% - -
1966 11.6% 5.14% - -
1965 10.7% 9.99% - -
1964 9.21% 6.22% - -
1963 8.51% 4.13% - -
1962 8.26% 4.2% - -
1961 8.01% 4.38% - -
1960 9.5% 4.58% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1995, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/morocco | CC BY

In 2024, Mexico's government spending was $563B, accounting for 30.3% of its GDP, while Morocco spent $53.1B, or 33% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 58.3% in Mexico and 67.7% in Morocco, ranking 84/185 and 60/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Mexico

Morocco
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Mexico Morocco
2024 -5.73% -3.92%
2023 -4.29% -4.41%
2022 -4.32% -5.37%
2021 -3.75% -5.92%
2020 -4.29% -7.15%
2019 -2.27% -3.8%
2018 -2.14% -3.52%
2017 -1.03% -3.3%
2016 -2.68% -4.49%
2015 -3.86% -4.59%
2014 -4.37% -4.78%
2013 -3.56% -4.7%
2012 -3.57% -6.63%
2011 -3.2% -6.08%
2010 -3.8% -3.93%
2009 -3.94% -1.63%
2008 -0.68% 0.63%
2007 -1.46% -0.12%
2006 -1.23% -1.8%
2005 -1.43% -5.46%
2004 -1.35% -3.31%
2003 -2.24% -3.74%
2002 -2.18% -4.37%
2001 -2.57% -3.79%
2000 -2.69% -1.97%
1999 -4.49% 3.21%
1998 -4.49% 1.47%
1997 -3.48% 1.5%
1996 -3.66% 0.87%
1995 -2.28% -2.54%
1994 -2.25% -2.51%
1993 -1.51% -2%
1992 2.26% -1.84%
1991 1.49% -0.9%
1990 -3.11% -1.32%
1989 -4.75% -
1988 -8.76% -
1987 -11.6% -
1986 -11.2% -
1985 -7.2% -
1984 -5.79% -
1983 -6.03% -
1982 -11.4% -
1981 -4.9% -
1980 -1.75% -
1979 -2.15% -
1978 -1.88% -
1977 -2.43% -
1976 -3.14% -
1975 -2.64% -
1974 -3.33% -
1973 -2.75% -
1972 -2.3% -
1971 -1.43% -
1970 -1.71% -
1969 -2.74% -
1968 -2.06% -
1967 -2.12% -
1966 -3.2% -
1965 -2.51% -
1964 -1.44% -
1963 -0.92% -
1962 -0.79% -
1961 -0.88% -
1960 -1.36% -
1959 -0.73% -
1958 0.24% -
1957 -0.03% -
1956 0.52% -
1955 0.6% -
1954 -0.94% -
1953 -0.58% -
1952 0.42% -
1951 -0.26% -
1950 -0.2% -
1949 0.44% -
1948 -1.55% -
1947 -0.93% -
1946 0.66% -
1945 -1.11% -
1944 -1.12% -
1943 0.05% -
1942 -0.93% -
1941 -0.26% -
1940 -0.4% -
1939 -0.06% -
1938 -0.91% -
1937 -0.41% -
1936 -0.39% -
1935 0.26% -
1934 0.72% -
1933 -0.58% -
1932 0% -
1931 0.71% -
1930 0.21% -
1929 0.95% -
1928 0.24% -
1927 -0.3% -
1926 -0.29% -
1925 0.46% -
1924 1.34% -
1923 1.02% -
1922 1.13% -
1921 0.64% -
1920 0.91% -
1919 0.41% -
1918 -0.19% -
1917 0.63% -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 0.28% -
1912 -0.79% -
1911 -0.31% -
1910 0.1% -
1909 0.15% -
1908 -0.08% -
1907 0.43% -
1906 0.72% -
1905 0.35% -
1904 1.09% -
1903 3.82% -
1902 0.42% -
1901 0.62% -
1900 0.76% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1900–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/morocco | CC BY

In 2024, Mexico's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $106B, equivalent to 5.73% of GDP. This compares to Morocco's deficit of $6.3B, or 3.92% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Mexico recorded a fiscal deficit in 33 of those years, while Morocco ran a deficit in 30 years. On average, Mexico posted an annual deficit equal to 2.69% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.92% of GDP for Morocco.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Mexico

Morocco
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Mexico Morocco
2024 4.72% 0.99%
2023 5.53% 6.09%
2022 7.9% 6.66%
2021 5.69% 1.4%
2020 3.4% 0.71%
2019 3.64% 0.3%
2018 4.9% 1.8%
2017 6.04% 0.75%
2016 2.82% 1.64%
2015 2.72% 1.56%
2014 4.02% 0.44%
2013 3.81% 1.88%
2012 4.11% 1.29%
2011 3.41% 0.91%
2010 4.16% 0.99%
2009 5.3% 0.97%
2008 5.12% 3.71%
2007 3.97% 2.04%
2006 3.63% 3.28%
2005 3.99% 0.98%
2004 4.69% 1.49%
2003 4.55% 1.17%
2002 5.03% 2.8%
2001 6.37% 0.62%
2000 9.49% 1.89%
1999 16.6% 0.68%
1998 15.9% 2.75%
1997 20.6% 1.04%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/morocco | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Mexico has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.15%, compared with 1.82% in Morocco. In 2024, inflation was 4.72% in Mexico and 0.99% in Morocco.

Top exports between countries

Mexico
Export category Export value
Metals $45.7M
Machinery & equipment $16.3M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $12.9M
Raw agricultural goods $1.7M
Miscellaneous $1.06M
Chemicals & pharma $688K
Raw materials & minerals $127K
Textiles & consumer goods $105K
Wood & paper products $1K
Morocco
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $305M
Machinery & equipment $12.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5.25M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.1M
Animal & marine products $423K
Metals $312K
Raw agricultural goods $261K
Chemicals & pharma $215K
Precious metals & jewellery $25K
Wood & paper products $21K

Balance of trade

Mexico Morocco
Current account balance
-$16.7B
2024
-$1.87B
2024
Current account balance ranking
181/190
2024
141/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.9%
2024
-1.16%
2024
Goods imports
$637B
2024
$66.5B
2024
Goods exports
$618B
2024
$39.3B
2024
Service imports
$72B
2024
$14.3B
2024
Service exports
$63B
2024
$28.2B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
37.9%
2024
50.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
36.7%
2024
42%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Mexico Morocco
Economic freedom 59.8 61.8
Economic freedom ranking 102/197 91/197
Property rights 37.6 55.2
Government integrity 28.8 35.6
Judicial effectiveness 40.4 32.5
Tax burden 75.4 65.5
Government spending 74.6 67.5
Fiscal health 56.7 57.5
Business freedom 67 72.1
Labor freedom 57.3 46.2
Monetary freedom 70.6 79.6
Trade freedom 74.2 69.8
Investment freedom 75 80
Financial freedom 60 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Mexico
Morocco
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Mexico Morocco
2026 59.8 61.8
2025 61.3 60.3
2024 62 56.8
2023 63.2 58.4
2022 63.7 59.2
2021 65.5 63.3
2020 66 63.3
2019 64.7 62.9
2018 64.8 61.9
2017 63.6 61.5
2016 65.2 61.3
2015 66.4 60.1
2014 66.8 58.3
2013 67 59.6
2012 65.3 60.2
2011 67.8 59.6
2010 68.3 59.2
2009 65.8 57.7
2008 66.2 55.6
2007 66 56.4
2006 64.7 51.5
2005 65.2 52.2
2004 66 56.7
2003 65.3 57.8
2002 63 59
2001 60.6 63.9
2000 59.3 63.2
1999 58.5 63.8
1998 57.9 61.1
1997 57.1 64.7
1996 61.2 64.3
1995 63.1 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/morocco | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Mexico is 59.8, ranking 102/197, compared to 61.8 for Morocco, ranking 91/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Mexico Morocco
Services, % of GDP
58.1%
2024
52.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
31.8%
2024
25.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.72%
2024
10.6%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$1.68T
2024
$149B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$25,460
2024
$10,260
2024
Total reserves including gold
$232B
2024
$37.1B
2024
Total reserves ranking
16/177
2024
52/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$32.3B
2024
-$948M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$45.5B
2024
$1.64B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13B
2024
$691M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.71%
2024
5.63%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
29.6%
2024
3.9%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.1%
2024
30.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/morocco | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1900–1995, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.