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Economy of Mexico vs New Zealand compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Mexico has a GDP of $1.83T compared to $264B for New Zealand, ranking 14/197 and 53/197 by economy size, respectively.

Mexico has $1.13T in government debt (61.8% of GDP), compared to $145B (54.7% of GDP) in New Zealand.

Mexico vs New Zealand GDP by year

Mexico
New Zealand
1x
Year GDP, current $
Mexico New Zealand
2025 $1,832,641,364,776 $264,057,413,740
2024 $1,830,489,311,089 $261,497,198,364
2023 $1,794,410,347,718 $256,372,177,758
2022 $1,466,934,724,243 $249,723,029,451
2021 $1,316,569,466,834 $253,732,493,988
2020 $1,121,064,767,169 $213,318,129,989
2019 $1,304,106,204,006 $213,088,034,258
2018 $1,256,300,182,984 $211,726,161,989
2017 $1,190,721,475,853 $206,561,943,051
2016 $1,112,233,497,453 $188,980,351,891
2015 $1,213,294,467,654 $178,147,457,243
2014 $1,364,507,717,689 $201,435,445,068
2013 $1,327,436,290,439 $190,943,478,290
2012 $1,255,110,424,742 $176,508,049,114
2011 $1,229,013,703,417 $168,458,838,711
2010 $1,105,424,238,652 $146,887,902,524
2009 $943,437,414,951 $121,663,439,315
2008 $1,161,553,459,985 $133,437,126,590
2007 $1,102,355,554,880 $137,188,946,866
2006 $1,020,265,057,882 $111,538,810,713
2005 $917,571,853,437 $114,720,129,550
2004 $819,459,227,375 $103,905,210,084
2003 $765,549,967,889 $88,250,885,550
2002 $810,666,116,402 $66,627,729,311
2001 $796,064,590,549 $53,872,425,917
2000 $742,061,329,749 $52,623,281,957
1999 $631,249,359,702 $58,762,260,626
1998 $557,461,102,631 $56,227,169,851
1997 $523,449,530,464 $66,075,143,415
1996 $432,157,945,024 $70,140,835,299
1995 $380,157,469,867 $63,918,703,507
1994 $553,618,247,901 $55,314,732,279
1993 $530,160,763,663 $46,775,620,817
1992 $363,157,832,924 $41,649,829,860
1991 $313,139,656,146 $42,745,329,732
1990 $261,253,675,693 $45,495,129,385
1989 $221,403,098,267 $43,920,222,525
1988 $181,611,150,497 $45,176,811,594
1987 $147,542,558,209 $40,376,354,070
1986 $134,556,034,673 $30,604,668,357
1985 $195,241,069,482 $24,679,795,396
1984 $184,230,754,105 $21,665,975,319
1983 $156,167,000,433 $24,309,279,706
1982 $184,602,611,610 $24,164,603,059
1981 $263,797,827,860 $24,417,617,184
1980 $205,577,055,466 $23,244,547,385
1979 $134,531,900,899 $20,731,243,113
1978 $102,648,570,299 $18,530,518,395
1977 $81,912,018,784 $15,446,825,318
1976 $88,875,923,765 $13,604,832,424
1975 $88,000,000,000 $12,861,983,284
1974 $72,000,000,000 $13,940,981,798
1973 $55,280,000,000 $12,802,281,898
1972 $45,200,000,000 $9,567,331,065
1971 $39,200,000,000 $7,911,136,757
1970 $35,520,000,000 $6,495,605,331
1969 $32,480,000,000 $5,814,357,709
1968 $29,360,000,000 $5,228,045,415
1967 $26,560,000,000 $6,016,017,227
1966 $24,320,000,000 $5,917,437,693
1965 $21,840,000,000 $5,706,251,400
1964 $20,080,000,000 $7,340,766,415
1963 $16,960,000,000 $6,699,741,645
1962 $15,200,000,000 $6,133,158,532
1961 $14,160,000,000 $5,721,994,864
1960 $13,040,000,000 $5,536,098,360

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/new-zealand | CC BY

GDP per capita in Mexico vs New Zealand by year

Mexico
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
New Zealand
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Mexico New Zealand
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $13,889 - $49,591 -
2024 $13,988 $26,185 $49,432 $55,551
2023 $13,831 $25,243 $49,302 $54,697
2022 $11,406 $23,135 $49,142 $54,034
2021 $10,314 $20,783 $49,902 $48,249
2020 $8,841 $19,354 $42,055 $45,513
2019 $10,370 $20,964 $42,872 $45,278
2018 $10,085 $20,921 $43,204 $42,527
2017 $9,649 $20,489 $42,912 $42,244
2016 $9,098 $20,105 $40,088 $39,989
2015 $10,021 $19,071 $38,649 $37,513
2014 $11,391 $18,821 $44,600 $37,331
2013 $11,217 $18,170 $42,985 $36,263
2012 $10,744 $18,005 $40,042 $33,055
2011 $10,664 $17,267 $38,426 $32,739
2010 $9,729 $15,909 $33,762 $31,305
2009 $8,424 $15,191 $28,277 $30,746
2008 $10,524 $15,681 $31,325 $29,896
2007 $10,134 $15,032 $32,480 $29,331
2006 $9,513 $14,540 $26,655 $27,732
2005 $8,672 $13,260 $27,751 $25,677
2004 $7,850 $12,658 $25,420 $25,124
2003 $7,434 $12,066 $21,914 $23,996
2002 $7,983 $11,762 $16,874 $23,306
2001 $7,953 $11,739 $13,883 $22,511
2000 $7,524 $11,705 $13,641 $21,500
1999 $6,500 $11,031 $15,322 $20,579
1998 $5,833 $10,756 $14,738 $19,323
1997 $5,567 $10,182 $17,474 $19,100
1996 $4,674 $9,496 $18,794 $18,392
1995 $4,184 $8,933 $17,400 $17,864
1994 $6,202 $9,466 $15,280 $17,108
1993 $6,048 $9,041 $13,094 $15,900
1992 $4,221 $9,470 $11,793 $14,877
1991 $3,709 $9,079 $12,230 $14,501
1990 $3,154 $8,578 $13,663 $14,812
1989 $2,725 - $13,312 -
1988 $2,279 - $13,759 -
1987 $1,888 - $12,331 -
1986 $1,757 - $9,428 -
1985 $2,602 - $7,601 -
1984 $2,506 - $6,714 -
1983 $2,170 - $7,598 -
1982 $2,621 - $7,656 -
1981 $3,829 - $7,814 -
1980 $3,055 - $7,467 -
1979 $2,049 - $6,668 -
1978 $1,604 - $5,937 -
1977 $1,315 - $4,951 -
1976 $1,465 - $4,374 -
1975 $1,492 - $4,172 -
1974 $1,256 - $4,611 -
1973 $993 - $4,323 -
1972 $837 - $3,295 -
1971 $748 - $2,773 -
1970 $699 - $2,311 -
1969 $660 - $2,097 -
1968 $616 - $1,902 -
1967 $576 - $2,208 -
1966 $545 - $2,211 -
1965 $506 - $2,171 -
1964 $481 - $2,839 -
1963 $420 - $2,646 -
1962 $388 - $2,471 -
1961 $374 - $2,365 -
1960 $355 - $2,334 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/new-zealand | CC BY

Mexico's GDP per capita is $13,889, ranking 76/197, compared to $49,591 in New Zealand, ranking 26/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Mexico ranks 80th at $26,185, while New Zealand ranks 38th at $55,551.

Economic indicators

Mexico New Zealand
Gross domestic product
$1.83T
2025
$264B
2025
GDP rank
14/197
2025
53/197
2025
GDP growth
0.56%
2024-2025
0.46%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$13,889
2025
$49,591
2025
GDP per capita rank
76/197
2025
26/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$26,185
2024
$55,551
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
80/197
2024
38/197
2024
Government debt
$1.13T
2025
$145B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
61.8%
2025
54.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$8,577
2025
$27,139
2025
Government debt per person rank
66/185
2025
27/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,482
2026
$36,222
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$560B
2025
$103B
2025
Number of millionaires
333,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
22
2026
5
2026
Income share by richest 10%
33.4%
2024
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
2.1%
2024
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
29.8%
2025
41.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.81%
2024-2025
2.84%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
6.5%
2026
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
2.54%
2025
5.26%
2025
Population
133551566
5380024

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Mexico
Spending

Debt
New Zealand
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Mexico New Zealand
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 29.8% 61.8% 41.6% 54.7%
2024 30.8% 59.1% 41.7% 51.4%
2023 28.6% 52.8% 41% 47.3%
2022 28.5% 53.8% 41.7% 46.9%
2021 26.7% 56.7% 41.8% 47.5%
2020 27.8% 58.5% 41.9% 43.2%
2019 25.3% 51.9% 38.7% 31.8%
2018 25% 52.2% 36.1% 28.1%
2017 25% 52.5% 35.6% 31.1%
2016 26.5% 55% 36.4% 33.4%
2015 26.6% 51% 37.2% 34.2%
2014 26.9% 47.1% 37.6% 34.2%
2013 26.7% 44.1% 38.6% 34.6%
2012 27% 40.8% 39.7% 35.7%
2011 26.6% 41.2% 42.3% 34.7%
2010 26.5% 40.2% 42.9% 29.6%
2009 26.5% 41.7% 40.3% 24.3%
2008 26.5% 40.6% 38.4% 19%
2007 22.5% 35.5% 37% 16.3%
2006 21.6% 35.8% 37.8% 18.4%
2005 21.2% 36.8% 37.1% 20.8%
2004 20.5% 38.9% 36.1% 22.5%
2003 21.5% 42.1% 36.6% 24.7%
2002 19.8% 39.9% 36.7% 26.4%
2001 19.5% 37.3% 37.2% 28.2%
2000 19.4% 38.5% 38.2% 30%
1999 20.1% 41.7% 39.2% 32%
1998 19.5% 39.7% 40.1% 34.5%
1997 20.7% 39.1% 39.3% 34.6%
1996 20.8% 42.5% 39.8% 37.3%
1995 18.9% 30.7% 41.6% 43.5%
1994 18.9% 26.8% 42.7% 48.9%
1993 18.2% 19.2% 46.7% 54.6%
1992 19% 21.5% 52.4% 58.7%
1991 20.1% 29.2% 52.9% 58%
1990 22.9% 35.7% 49.5% 55.5%
1989 19.2% 36% 47.8% 54.9%
1988 23.6% 36.5% 46.1% 54.7%
1987 26.7% 52.7% 46.1% 62.9%
1986 25.1% 47.8% 46.9% 68.5%
1985 21.4% 30.4% 46.2% 64.1%
1984 19.8% 25.2% 40.7% 62.8%
1983 21.6% 25.3% 41.4% 59.6%
1982 24.7% 29.8% 39.9% 51.5%
1981 20.1% 41.7% 39.1% 50.5%
1980 17.5% 31.4% 38% 52.2%
1979 16.5% 35.8% 38.4% 52%
1978 15.7% 39% 36.6% 50%
1977 15.5% 41.5% 30% 44.6%
1976 15.5% 31.3% 31.6% 47.6%
1975 14.7% 24.4% 30.1% 41.4%
1974 13.8% 21.7% 27.3% 39.6%
1973 12.7% 20% 27.1% 44%
1972 11.9% 17.9% 26.4% 46%
1971 10.6% 17% 26.8% 71.3%
1970 10.9% 17.1% 24.8% 76.5%
1969 11.8% 10.7% 25.9% 85.8%
1968 10.9% 7.85% 26.2% 86.5%
1967 10.4% 8.22% 26% 59.7%
1966 11.6% 5.14% 25% 58.2%
1965 10.7% 9.99% 24.9% 59.6%
1964 9.21% 6.22% 19.4% 61.8%
1963 8.51% 4.13% 19.4% 64.5%
1962 8.26% 4.2% 21.6% 65%
1961 8.01% 4.38% 21.1% 64.6%
1960 9.5% 4.58% 25.3% 68.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1995, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, Mexico's government spending was $547B, accounting for 29.8% of its GDP, while New Zealand spent $110B, or 41.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 61.8% in Mexico and 54.7% in New Zealand, ranking 73/185 and 91/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Mexico

New Zealand
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Mexico New Zealand
2025 -4.86% -3.86%
2024 -5.78% -3.21%
2023 -4.3% -3.22%
2022 -4.32% -3.96%
2021 -3.75% -3.35%
2020 -4.29% -4.21%
2019 -2.27% -2.44%
2018 -2.14% 1.31%
2017 -1.03% 1.38%
2016 -2.68% 0.98%
2015 -3.86% 0.37%
2014 -4.37% -0.33%
2013 -3.56% -1.28%
2012 -3.57% -2.18%
2011 -3.2% -4.94%
2010 -3.8% -5.49%
2009 -3.94% -1.8%
2008 -0.68% 1.48%
2007 -1.46% 3.6%
2006 -1.23% 4.62%
2005 -1.43% 5.13%
2004 -1.35% 4.49%
2003 -2.24% 3.69%
2002 -2.18% 2.56%
2001 -2.57% 1.29%
2000 -2.69% 0.18%
1999 -4.49% -1.1%
1998 -4.49% -0.47%
1997 -3.48% 1.24%
1996 -3.66% 2.58%
1995 -2.28% 3.7%
1994 -2.25% 2%
1993 -1.51% -1.51%
1992 2.26% -6.25%
1991 1.49% -6.12%
1990 -3.11% -2.72%
1989 -4.75% -2.16%
1988 -8.76% -1.88%
1987 -11.6% -3.43%
1986 -11.2% -5.33%
1985 -7.2% -6.97%
1984 -5.79% -8.68%
1983 -6.03% -6.64%
1982 -11.4% -6.26%
1981 -4.9% -6.02%
1980 -1.75% -4.9%
1979 -2.15% -6.55%
1978 -1.88% -3.41%
1977 -2.43% -1.09%
1976 -3.14% -2.07%
1975 -2.64% 0.11%
1974 -3.33% 0.03%
1973 -2.75% -0.07%
1972 -2.3% 0.12%
1971 -1.43% 0.09%
1970 -1.71% -0.05%
1969 -2.74% 0.17%
1968 -2.06% 0.03%
1967 -2.12% 0.02%
1966 -3.2% 0.09%
1965 -2.51% 0.26%
1964 -1.44% -0.08%
1963 -0.92% -0.26%
1962 -0.79% 0.02%
1961 -0.88% 0.03%
1960 -1.36% 0.05%
1959 -0.73% 0.03%
1958 0.24% -0.02%
1957 -0.03% 0.32%
1956 0.52% 1.33%
1955 0.6% 0.73%
1954 -0.94% 0.22%
1953 -0.58% 0.43%
1952 0.42% 1.73%
1951 -0.26% 1.17%
1950 -0.2% 0.78%
1949 0.44% 0.53%
1948 -1.55% 0.36%
1947 -0.93% 1.07%
1946 0.66% 0.31%
1945 -1.11% 0.32%
1944 -1.12% 0.59%
1943 0.05% 1.24%
1942 -0.93% 0.56%
1941 -0.26% 0.64%
1940 -0.4% 0.13%
1939 -0.06% 0.34%
1938 -0.91% 0.38%
1937 -0.41% 0.23%
1936 -0.39% 0.17%
1935 0.26% 1.19%
1934 0.72% -0.55%
1933 -0.58% 0.02%
1932 0% -1.77%
1931 0.71% -1.12%
1930 0.21% 0.09%
1929 0.95% -0.37%
1928 0.24% 0.12%
1927 -0.3% 0.4%
1926 -0.29% 0.72%
1925 0.46% 0.78%
1924 1.34% 1.2%
1923 1.02% 0.95%
1922 1.13% -0.2%
1921 0.64% 3.55%
1920 0.91% 1.51%
1919 0.41% 2.9%
1918 -0.19% 4.35%
1917 0.63% 3.89%
1916 - 1.46%
1915 - 0.06%
1914 - 0.45%
1913 0.28% 0.79%
1912 -0.79% 0.89%
1911 -0.31% 1.24%
1910 0.1% 0.36%
1909 0.15% 0.31%
1908 -0.08% 1.26%
1907 0.43% 1.13%
1906 0.72% 0.97%
1905 0.35% 1.41%
1904 1.09% 1.42%
1903 3.82% 0.55%
1902 0.42% 0.63%
1901 0.62% 1.11%
1900 0.76% 1.59%
1899 - 1.15%
1898 - 1.38%
1897 - 0.86%
1896 - 0.65%
1895 - 0.32%
1894 - 0.76%
1893 - 1.14%
1892 - 0.09%
1891 - 0.46%
1890 - 0.05%
1889 - 0.59%
1888 - -1.64%
1887 - -1.63%
1886 - -0.53%
1885 - -0.47%
1884 - -0.1%
1883 - 0.38%
1882 - 0.18%
1881 - -2.33%
1880 - -2.39%
1879 - -0.55%
1878 - -0.85%
1877 - -2.53%
1876 - -5.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, Mexico's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $89B, equivalent to 4.86% of GDP. This compares to New Zealand's deficit of $10.2B, or 3.86% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Mexico recorded a fiscal deficit in 64 of those years, while New Zealand ran a deficit in 37 years. On average, Mexico posted an annual deficit equal to 3.25% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.25% of GDP for New Zealand.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Mexico

New Zealand
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Mexico New Zealand
2025 3.81% 2.84%
2024 4.72% 2.92%
2023 5.53% 5.73%
2022 7.9% 7.17%
2021 5.69% 3.94%
2020 3.4% 1.71%
2019 3.64% 1.62%
2018 4.9% 1.6%
2017 6.04% 1.85%
2016 2.82% 0.65%
2015 2.72% 0.29%
2014 4.02% 1.23%
2013 3.81% 1.13%
2012 4.11% 1.06%
2011 3.41% 4.03%
2010 4.16% 2.3%
2009 5.3% 2.12%
2008 5.12% 3.96%
2007 3.97% 2.38%
2006 3.63% 3.37%
2005 3.99% 3.04%
2004 4.69% 2.29%
2003 4.55% 1.75%
2002 5.03% 2.68%
2001 6.37% 2.63%
2000 9.49% 2.62%
1999 16.6% -0.11%
1998 15.9% 1.27%
1997 20.6% 1.19%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/new-zealand | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Mexico has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.07%, compared with 2.39% in New Zealand. In 2025, inflation was 3.81% in Mexico and 2.84% in New Zealand.

Top exports between countries

Mexico
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $97.5M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5.61M
Raw agricultural goods $4.16M
Chemicals & pharma $1.79M
Textiles & consumer goods $269K
Metals $255K
Wood & paper products $189K
Raw materials & minerals $144K
Precious metals & jewellery $21K
Miscellaneous $13K
New Zealand
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $252M
Chemicals & pharma $52.9M
Machinery & equipment $23.9M
Wood & paper products $9.03M
Business & finance services $8.1M
Raw agricultural goods $6.35M
Metals $3.09M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.16M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.39M
Transport & tourism services $700K

Balance of trade

Mexico New Zealand
Current account balance
-$8.2B
2025
-$9.56B
2025
Current account balance ranking
171/190
2025
174/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.45%
2025
-3.62%
2025
Goods imports
$665B
2025
$48.2B
2025
Goods exports
$666B
2025
$47.2B
2025
Service imports
$75.4B
2025
$20.3B
2025
Service exports
$64B
2025
$19.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
40.3%
2025
26%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
39.6%
2025
24.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Mexico New Zealand
Economic freedom 59.8 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 102/197 13/197
Property rights 37.6 85.4
Government integrity 28.8 90
Judicial effectiveness 40.4 95.9
Tax burden 75.4 66.1
Government spending 74.6 48
Fiscal health 56.7 72.2
Business freedom 67 89.1
Labor freedom 57.3 68.6
Monetary freedom 70.6 77.4
Trade freedom 74.2 90.6
Investment freedom 75 70
Financial freedom 60 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Mexico
New Zealand
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Mexico New Zealand
2026 59.8 77.8
2025 61.3 78.1
2024 62 77.8
2023 63.2 78.9
2022 63.7 80.6
2021 65.5 83.9
2020 66 84.1
2019 64.7 84.4
2018 64.8 84.2
2017 63.6 83.7
2016 65.2 81.6
2015 66.4 82.1
2014 66.8 81.2
2013 67 81.4
2012 65.3 82.1
2011 67.8 82.3
2010 68.3 82.1
2009 65.8 82
2008 66.2 80.7
2007 66 81.4
2006 64.7 82
2005 65.2 82.3
2004 66 81.5
2003 65.3 81.1
2002 63 80.7
2001 60.6 81.1
2000 59.3 80.9
1999 58.5 81.7
1998 57.9 79.2
1997 57.1 79
1996 61.2 78.1
1995 63.1 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/new-zealand | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Mexico is 59.8, ranking 102/197, compared to 77.8 for New Zealand, ranking 13/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Mexico New Zealand
Services, % of GDP
58.9%
2025
68.2%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
30.6%
2025
19.4%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.88%
2025
4.01%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$1.81T
2025
$248B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$25,070
2025
$53,600
2025
Total reserves including gold
$256B
2025
$28.2B
2025
Total reserves ranking
17/177
2025
59/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$31.8B
2025
-$3.58B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$45.5B
2024
$1.76B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13B
2024
$882M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.77%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
29.6%
2024
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.6%
2025
23.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/new-zealand | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1995, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2012–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.