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Economy of Algeria vs Mexico compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Algeria has a GDP of $287B compared to $1.83T for Mexico, ranking 51/197 and 14/197 by economy size, respectively.

Algeria has $155B in government debt (54.1% of GDP), compared to $1.13T (61.8% of GDP) in Mexico.

Algeria vs Mexico GDP by year

Algeria
Mexico
1x
Year GDP, current $
Algeria Mexico
2025 $287,031,225,988 $1,832,641,364,776
2024 $269,322,281,665 $1,830,489,311,089
2023 $247,923,887,215 $1,794,410,347,718
2022 $225,581,644,703 $1,466,934,724,243
2021 $186,231,205,262 $1,316,569,466,834
2020 $164,873,415,325 $1,121,064,767,169
2019 $193,459,662,091 $1,304,106,204,006
2018 $194,554,483,656 $1,256,300,182,984
2017 $189,880,896,903 $1,190,721,475,853
2016 $180,763,839,522 $1,112,233,497,453
2015 $187,493,855,609 $1,213,294,467,654
2014 $238,942,664,193 $1,364,507,717,689
2013 $229,701,430,292 $1,327,436,290,439
2012 $227,143,746,076 $1,255,110,424,742
2011 $218,331,946,925 $1,229,013,703,417
2010 $177,785,053,940 $1,105,424,238,652
2009 $150,317,292,079 $943,437,414,951
2008 $180,383,848,331 $1,161,553,459,985
2007 $142,482,739,810 $1,102,355,554,880
2006 $123,084,258,693 $1,020,265,057,882
2005 $107,046,618,670 $917,571,853,437
2004 $91,913,680,985 $819,459,227,375
2003 $73,482,264,191 $765,549,967,889
2002 $61,516,103,406 $810,666,116,402
2001 $59,413,400,924 $796,064,590,549
2000 $54,790,398,570 $742,061,329,749
1999 $48,640,671,735 $631,249,359,702
1998 $48,187,781,984 $557,461,102,631
1997 $48,177,612,042 $523,449,530,464
1996 $46,941,554,225 $432,157,945,024
1995 $41,764,291,672 $380,157,469,867
1994 $42,543,176,829 $553,618,247,901
1993 $49,945,584,453 $530,160,763,663
1992 $48,003,133,347 $363,157,832,924
1991 $45,715,676,428 $313,139,656,146
1990 $62,048,507,531 $261,253,675,693
1989 $55,634,721,573 $221,403,098,267
1988 $59,089,396,860 $181,611,150,497
1987 $66,745,818,375 $147,542,558,209
1986 $63,692,007,897 $134,556,034,673
1985 $57,937,868,670 $195,241,069,482
1984 $53,698,548,293 $184,230,754,105
1983 $48,801,369,800 $156,167,000,433
1982 $45,207,167,470 $184,602,611,610
1981 $44,348,590,461 $263,797,827,860
1980 $42,345,829,079 $205,577,055,466
1979 $33,243,706,860 $134,531,900,899
1978 $26,364,491,313 $102,648,570,299
1977 $20,972,113,685 $81,912,018,784
1976 $17,728,240,932 $88,875,923,765
1975 $15,557,902,754 $88,000,000,000
1974 $13,209,871,626 $72,000,000,000
1973 $8,707,858,912 $55,280,000,000
1972 $6,766,743,957 $45,200,000,000
1971 $5,077,183,094 $39,200,000,000
1970 $4,863,526,897 $35,520,000,000
1969 $4,257,253,264 $32,480,000,000
1968 $3,852,147,027 $29,360,000,000
1967 $3,370,870,376 $26,560,000,000
1966 $3,039,859,187 $24,320,000,000
1965 $3,136,284,307 $21,840,000,000
1964 $2,909,316,435 $20,080,000,000
1963 $2,702,982,018 $16,960,000,000
1962 $2,001,444,544 $15,200,000,000
1961 $2,434,747,056 $14,160,000,000
1960 $2,723,615,451 $13,040,000,000

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/mexico | CC BY

GDP per capita in Algeria vs Mexico by year

Algeria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Mexico
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Algeria Mexico
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $6,051 - $13,889 -
2024 $5,753 $17,621 $13,988 $26,185
2023 $5,370 $16,824 $13,831 $25,243
2022 $4,960 $15,836 $11,406 $23,135
2021 $4,161 $14,497 $10,314 $20,783
2020 $3,744 $12,677 $8,841 $19,354
2019 $4,468 $13,893 $10,370 $20,964
2018 $4,577 $13,727 $10,085 $20,921
2017 $4,555 $13,494 $9,649 $20,489
2016 $4,425 $13,438 $9,098 $20,105
2015 $4,685 $13,807 $10,021 $19,071
2014 $6,095 $14,694 $11,391 $18,821
2013 $5,980 $14,371 $11,217 $18,170
2012 $6,034 $14,441 $10,744 $18,005
2011 $5,916 $14,640 $10,664 $17,267
2010 $4,913 $14,201 $9,729 $15,909
2009 $4,235 $13,651 $8,424 $15,191
2008 $5,181 $13,666 $10,524 $15,681
2007 $4,167 $13,321 $10,134 $15,032
2006 $3,661 $12,791 $9,513 $14,540
2005 $3,233 $12,246 $8,672 $13,260
2004 $2,817 $11,432 $7,850 $12,658
2003 $2,284 $10,803 $7,434 $12,066
2002 $1,937 $10,080 $7,983 $11,762
2001 $1,896 $9,544 $7,953 $11,739
2000 $1,773 $9,187 $7,524 $11,705
1999 $1,596 $8,776 $6,500 $11,031
1998 $1,603 $8,503 $5,833 $10,756
1997 $1,629 $8,129 $5,567 $10,182
1996 $1,617 $8,053 $4,674 $9,496
1995 $1,467 $7,747 $4,184 $8,933
1994 $1,526 $7,463 $6,202 $9,466
1993 $1,831 $7,538 $6,048 $9,041
1992 $1,803 $7,705 $4,221 $9,470
1991 $1,759 $7,582 $3,709 $9,079
1990 $2,445 $7,602 $3,154 $8,578
1989 $2,247 - $2,725 -
1988 $2,451 - $2,279 -
1987 $2,847 - $1,888 -
1986 $2,800 - $1,757 -
1985 $2,633 - $2,602 -
1984 $2,524 - $2,506 -
1983 $2,374 - $2,170 -
1982 $2,275 - $2,621 -
1981 $2,307 - $3,829 -
1980 $2,276 - $3,055 -
1979 $1,843 - $2,049 -
1978 $1,506 - $1,604 -
1977 $1,232 - $1,315 -
1976 $1,080 - $1,465 -
1975 $992 - $1,492 -
1974 $873 - $1,256 -
1973 $590 - $993 -
1972 $469 - $837 -
1971 $360 - $748 -
1970 $353 - $699 -
1969 $316 - $660 -
1968 $292.4 - $616 -
1967 $261.8 - $576 -
1966 $241.4 - $545 -
1965 $253.6 - $506 -
1964 $238.9 - $481 -
1963 $225.6 - $420 -
1962 $169.6 - $388 -
1961 $209.4 - $374 -
1960 $238.4 - $355 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/mexico | CC BY

Algeria's GDP per capita is $6,051, ranking 114/197, compared to $13,889 in Mexico, ranking 76/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Algeria ranks 105th at $17,621, while Mexico ranks 80th at $26,185.

Economic indicators

Algeria Mexico
Gross domestic product
$287B
2025
$1.83T
2025
GDP rank
51/197
2025
14/197
2025
GDP growth
3.82%
2024-2025
0.56%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$6,051
2025
$13,889
2025
GDP per capita rank
114/197
2025
76/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$17,621
2024
$26,185
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
105/197
2024
80/197
2024
Government debt
$155B
2025
$1.13T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
54.1%
2025
61.8%
2025
Government debt per person
$3,274
2025
$8,577
2025
Government debt per person rank
100/185
2025
66/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$3,755
2026
$10,482
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$371M
2018
$560B
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
333,000
2026
Number of billionaires
1
2026
22
2026
Income share by richest 10%
22.9%
2011
33.4%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
4%
2011
2.1%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
36.2%
2025
29.8%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
1.42%
2024-2025
3.81%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
3%
2020
6.5%
2026
Unemployment rate
11.7%
2017
2.54%
2025
Population
48345858
133551566

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Algeria
Spending

Debt
Mexico
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Algeria Mexico
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 36.2% 54.1% 29.8% 61.8%
2024 36.8% 48.1% 30.8% 59.1%
2023 37.4% 47.7% 28.6% 52.8%
2022 32.7% 48.1% 28.5% 53.8%
2021 32.5% 55.1% 26.7% 56.7%
2020 37.5% 46% 27.8% 58.5%
2019 37.1% 40.9% 25.3% 51.9%
2018 36.2% 34.5% 25% 52.2%
2017 36.2% 24% 25% 52.5%
2016 37.2% 18.1% 26.5% 55%
2015 40.9% 7.73% 26.6% 51%
2014 36.9% 6.85% 26.9% 47.1%
2013 33.5% 6.48% 26.7% 44.1%
2012 40% 8.58% 27% 40.8%
2011 37.7% 8.48% 26.6% 41.2%
2010 35.1% 9.51% 26.5% 40.2%
2009 40.1% 8.92% 26.5% 41.7%
2008 37.3% 7.64% 26.5% 40.6%
2007 33.1% 12.8% 22.5% 35.5%
2006 27.8% 22.5% 21.6% 35.8%
2005 27.8% 25.4% 21.2% 36.8%
2004 27.1% 32.7% 20.5% 38.9%
2003 27% 38.2% 21.5% 42.1%
2002 32.5% 47.3% 19.8% 39.9%
2001 29.1% 50% 19.5% 37.3%
2000 26.4% 53.4% 19.4% 38.5%
1999 29.4% 69.7% 20.1% 41.7%
1998 28.7% 79.9% 19.5% 39.7%
1997 28.5% 79.6% 20.7% 39.1%
1996 26.9% 90.7% 20.8% 42.5%
1995 28.9% 95.9% 18.9% 30.7%
1994 30.9% 106.3% 18.9% 26.8%
1993 32.6% 76.8% 18.2% 19.2%
1992 28.2% 69.3% 19% 21.5%
1991 27.6% 86.1% 20.1% 29.2%
1990 23.3% 63.6% 22.9% 35.7%
1989 - - 19.2% 36%
1988 - - 23.6% 36.5%
1987 - - 26.7% 52.7%
1986 - - 25.1% 47.8%
1985 - - 21.4% 30.4%
1984 - - 19.8% 25.2%
1983 - - 21.6% 25.3%
1982 - - 24.7% 29.8%
1981 - - 20.1% 41.7%
1980 - - 17.5% 31.4%
1979 - - 16.5% 35.8%
1978 - - 15.7% 39%
1977 - - 15.5% 41.5%
1976 - - 15.5% 31.3%
1975 - - 14.7% 24.4%
1974 - - 13.8% 21.7%
1973 - - 12.7% 20%
1972 - - 11.9% 17.9%
1971 - - 10.6% 17%
1970 - - 10.9% 17.1%
1969 - - 11.8% 10.7%
1968 - - 10.9% 7.85%
1967 - - 10.4% 8.22%
1966 - - 11.6% 5.14%
1965 - - 10.7% 9.99%
1964 - - 9.21% 6.22%
1963 - - 8.51% 4.13%
1962 - - 8.26% 4.2%
1961 - - 8.01% 4.38%
1960 - - 9.5% 4.58%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1995, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/mexico | CC BY

In 2025, Algeria's government spending was $104B, accounting for 36.2% of its GDP, while Mexico spent $547B, or 29.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 54.1% in Algeria and 61.8% in Mexico, ranking 94/185 and 73/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Algeria

Mexico
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Algeria Mexico
2025 -10.2% -4.86%
2024 -13.8% -5.78%
2023 -5.52% -4.3%
2022 -2.96% -4.32%
2021 -6.32% -3.75%
2020 -10.5% -4.29%
2019 -8.51% -2.27%
2018 -6.15% -2.14%
2017 -7.55% -1.03%
2016 -11.8% -2.68%
2015 -13.9% -3.86%
2014 -7.14% -4.37%
2013 -0.79% -3.56%
2012 -4.04% -3.57%
2011 -1.06% -3.2%
2010 -1.35% -3.8%
2009 -6.53% -3.94%
2008 7.79% -0.68%
2007 4.63% -1.46%
2006 12.9% -1.23%
2005 11.4% -1.43%
2004 6.36% -1.35%
2003 7.22% -2.24%
2002 0.21% -2.18%
2001 3.15% -2.57%
2000 8.91% -2.69%
1999 -1.83% -4.49%
1998 -3.52% -4.49%
1997 2.19% -3.48%
1996 2.7% -3.66%
1995 -1.3% -2.28%
1994 -4.05% -2.25%
1993 -7.79% -1.51%
1992 -1.05% 2.26%
1991 1.53% 1.49%
1990 3.35% -3.11%
1989 - -4.75%
1988 - -8.76%
1987 - -11.6%
1986 - -11.2%
1985 - -7.2%
1984 - -5.79%
1983 - -6.03%
1982 - -11.4%
1981 - -4.9%
1980 - -1.75%
1979 - -2.15%
1978 - -1.88%
1977 - -2.43%
1976 - -3.14%
1975 - -2.64%
1974 - -3.33%
1973 - -2.75%
1972 - -2.3%
1971 - -1.43%
1970 - -1.71%
1969 - -2.74%
1968 - -2.06%
1967 - -2.12%
1966 - -3.2%
1965 - -2.51%
1964 - -1.44%
1963 - -0.92%
1962 - -0.79%
1961 - -0.88%
1960 - -1.36%
1959 - -0.73%
1958 - 0.24%
1957 - -0.03%
1956 - 0.52%
1955 - 0.6%
1954 - -0.94%
1953 - -0.58%
1952 - 0.42%
1951 - -0.26%
1950 - -0.2%
1949 - 0.44%
1948 - -1.55%
1947 - -0.93%
1946 - 0.66%
1945 - -1.11%
1944 - -1.12%
1943 - 0.05%
1942 - -0.93%
1941 - -0.26%
1940 - -0.4%
1939 - -0.06%
1938 - -0.91%
1937 - -0.41%
1936 - -0.39%
1935 - 0.26%
1934 - 0.72%
1933 - -0.58%
1932 - 0%
1931 - 0.71%
1930 - 0.21%
1929 - 0.95%
1928 - 0.24%
1927 - -0.3%
1926 - -0.29%
1925 - 0.46%
1924 - 1.34%
1923 - 1.02%
1922 - 1.13%
1921 - 0.64%
1920 - 0.91%
1919 - 0.41%
1918 - -0.19%
1917 - 0.63%
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - 0.28%
1912 - -0.79%
1911 - -0.31%
1910 - 0.1%
1909 - 0.15%
1908 - -0.08%
1907 - 0.43%
1906 - 0.72%
1905 - 0.35%
1904 - 1.09%
1903 - 3.82%
1902 - 0.42%
1901 - 0.62%
1900 - 0.76%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1900–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/mexico | CC BY

In 2025, Algeria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $29.1B, equivalent to 10.2% of GDP. This compares to Mexico's deficit of $89B, or 4.86% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Algeria recorded a fiscal deficit in 23 of those years, while Mexico ran a deficit in 34 years. On average, Algeria posted an annual deficit equal to 1.81% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.75% of GDP for Mexico.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Algeria

Mexico
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Algeria Mexico
2025 1.42% 3.81%
2024 4.05% 4.72%
2023 9.32% 5.53%
2022 9.27% 7.9%
2021 7.23% 5.69%
2020 2.42% 3.4%
2019 1.95% 3.64%
2018 4.27% 4.9%
2017 5.59% 6.04%
2016 6.4% 2.82%
2015 4.78% 2.72%
2014 2.92% 4.02%
2013 3.25% 3.81%
2012 8.89% 4.11%
2011 4.52% 3.41%
2010 3.91% 4.16%
2009 5.74% 5.3%
2008 4.86% 5.12%
2007 3.68% 3.97%
2006 2.31% 3.63%
2005 1.38% 3.99%
2004 3.96% 4.69%
2003 4.27% 4.55%
2002 1.42% 5.03%
2001 4.23% 6.37%
2000 0.34% 9.49%
1999 2.65% 16.6%
1998 4.95% 15.9%
1997 5.73% 20.6%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/mexico | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Algeria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.33%, compared with 6.07% in Mexico. In 2025, inflation was 1.42% in Algeria and 3.81% in Mexico.

Top exports between countries

Algeria
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $22.7M
Machinery & equipment $107K
Wood & paper products $17K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K
Mexico
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $79.4M
Chemicals & pharma $242K
Raw materials & minerals $152K
Machinery & equipment $133K
Metals $42K

Balance of trade

Algeria Mexico
Current account balance
-$2.75B
2024
-$8.2B
2025
Current account balance ranking
151/190
2024
171/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.02%
2024
-0.45%
2025
Goods imports
$45.3B
2024
$665B
2025
Goods exports
$48.8B
2024
$666B
2025
Service imports
$9.13B
2024
$75.4B
2025
Service exports
$4.22B
2024
$64B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.1%
2025
40.3%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
16.8%
2025
39.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Algeria Mexico
Economic freedom 45.8 59.8
Economic freedom ranking 179/197 102/197
Property rights 27.7 37.6
Government integrity 29.4 28.8
Judicial effectiveness 30 40.4
Tax burden 80.3 75.4
Government spending 61.9 74.6
Fiscal health 15.4 56.7
Business freedom 59.3 67
Labor freedom 52.2 57.3
Monetary freedom 74.7 70.6
Trade freedom 58.8 74.2
Investment freedom 30 75
Financial freedom 30 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Algeria
Mexico
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Algeria Mexico
2026 45.8 59.8
2025 47.5 61.3
2024 43.9 62
2023 43.2 63.2
2022 45.8 63.7
2021 49.7 65.5
2020 46.9 66
2019 46.2 64.7
2018 44.7 64.8
2017 46.5 63.6
2016 50.1 65.2
2015 48.9 66.4
2014 50.8 66.8
2013 49.6 67
2012 51 65.3
2011 52.4 67.8
2010 56.9 68.3
2009 56.6 65.8
2008 56.2 66.2
2007 55.4 66
2006 55.7 64.7
2005 53.2 65.2
2004 58.1 66
2003 57.7 65.3
2002 61 63
2001 57.3 60.6
2000 56.8 59.3
1999 57.2 58.5
1998 55.8 57.9
1997 54.9 57.1
1996 54.5 61.2
1995 55.7 63.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/mexico | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Algeria is 45.8, ranking 179/197, compared to 59.8 for Mexico, ranking 102/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Algeria Mexico
Services, % of GDP
45.7%
2025
58.9%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
34.8%
2025
30.6%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
14.5%
2025
3.88%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$278B
2025
$1.81T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$18,240
2025
$25,070
2025
Total reserves including gold
$72.5B
2025
$256B
2025
Total reserves ranking
38/177
2025
17/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.23B
2024
-$31.8B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.23B
2024
$45.5B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$265K
2024
$13B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
0.17%
2024
3.77%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
5.5%
2011
29.6%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
45.3%
2025
22.6%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/mexico | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1900–1995, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2017–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.