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Economy of Belize vs Mexico compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Belize has a GDP of $3.33B compared to $1.83T for Mexico, ranking 170/197 and 14/197 by economy size, respectively.

Belize has $2.26B in government debt (67.9% of GDP), compared to $1.13T (61.8% of GDP) in Mexico.

Belize vs Mexico GDP by year

Belize
Mexico
1x
Year GDP, current $
Belize Mexico
2025 $3,326,500,000 $1,832,641,364,776
2024 $3,203,631,800 $1,830,489,311,089
2023 $3,052,362,650 $1,794,410,347,718
2022 $2,846,604,350 $1,466,934,724,243
2021 $2,428,606,250 $1,316,569,466,834
2020 $2,047,284,600 $1,121,064,767,169
2019 $2,381,187,850 $1,304,106,204,006
2018 $2,285,915,050 $1,256,300,182,984
2017 $2,266,028,250 $1,190,721,475,853
2016 $2,239,604,950 $1,112,233,497,453
2015 $2,193,095,150 $1,213,294,467,654
2014 $2,138,242,200 $1,364,507,717,689
2013 $2,035,191,450 $1,327,436,290,439
2012 $1,917,083,500 $1,255,110,424,742
2011 $1,831,576,700 $1,229,013,703,417
2010 $1,748,988,400 $1,105,424,238,652
2009 $1,688,012,750 $943,437,414,951
2008 $1,738,453,600 $1,161,553,459,985
2007 $1,706,190,450 $1,102,355,554,880
2006 $1,590,463,100 $1,020,265,057,882
2005 $1,474,298,400 $917,571,853,437
2004 $1,400,202,000 $819,459,227,375
2003 $1,308,280,250 $765,549,967,889
2002 $1,243,912,050 $810,666,116,402
2001 $1,172,045,150 $796,064,590,549
2000 $1,138,138,100 $742,061,329,749
1999 $999,713,050 $631,249,359,702
1998 $929,047,000 $557,461,102,631
1997 $872,916,050 $523,449,530,464
1996 $850,339,100 $432,157,945,024
1995 $818,590,250 $380,157,469,867
1994 $771,838,000 $553,618,247,901
1993 $752,255,150 $530,160,763,663
1992 $695,741,150 $363,157,832,924
1991 $596,682,100 $313,139,656,146
1990 $546,750,912 $261,253,675,693
1989 $491,100,000 $221,403,098,267
1988 $421,450,000 $181,611,150,497
1987 $371,100,000 $147,542,558,209
1986 $311,500,000 $134,556,034,673
1985 $287,300,000 $195,241,069,482
1984 $290,350,000 $184,230,754,105
1983 $262,150,000 $156,167,000,433
1982 $248,550,000 $184,602,611,610
1981 $260,750,000 $263,797,827,860
1980 $257,400,000 $205,577,055,466
1979 $151,800,000 $134,531,900,899
1978 $136,300,000 $102,648,570,299
1977 $117,650,000 $81,912,018,784
1976 $97,094,227 $88,875,923,765
1975 $118,194,026 $88,000,000,000
1974 $103,160,450 $72,000,000,000
1973 $78,214,768 $55,280,000,000
1972 $65,998,069 $45,200,000,000
1971 $59,074,687 $39,200,000,000
1970 $53,339,893 $35,520,000,000
1969 $47,399,905 $32,480,000,000
1968 $44,999,910 $29,360,000,000
1967 $47,431,256 $26,560,000,000
1966 $44,450,044 $24,320,000,000
1965 $40,110,040 $21,840,000,000
1964 $36,194,586 $20,080,000,000
1963 $33,750,114 $16,960,000,000
1962 $31,857,592 $15,200,000,000
1961 $29,965,000 $14,160,000,000
1960 $28,072,478 $13,040,000,000

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/mexico | CC BY

GDP per capita in Belize vs Mexico by year

Belize
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Mexico
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Belize Mexico
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $7,865 - $13,889 -
2024 $7,681 $14,347 $13,988 $26,185
2023 $7,425 $13,730 $13,831 $25,243
2022 $7,068 $13,461 $11,406 $23,135
2021 $6,143 $11,716 $10,314 $20,783
2020 $5,239 $9,639 $8,841 $19,354
2019 $6,172 $10,500 $10,370 $20,964
2018 $6,012 $9,497 $10,085 $20,921
2017 $6,072 $9,121 $9,649 $20,489
2016 $6,141 $9,399 $9,098 $20,105
2015 $6,155 $9,538 $10,021 $19,071
2014 $6,128 $9,490 $11,391 $18,821
2013 $5,957 $9,526 $11,217 $18,170
2012 $5,733 $9,303 $10,744 $18,005
2011 $5,596 $9,722 $10,664 $17,267
2010 $5,461 $9,748 $9,729 $15,909
2009 $5,400 $9,728 $8,424 $15,191
2008 $5,712 $9,975 $10,524 $15,681
2007 $5,762 $10,226 $10,134 $15,032
2006 $5,525 $9,910 $9,513 $14,540
2005 $5,270 $9,466 $8,672 $13,260
2004 $5,154 $9,245 $7,850 $12,658
2003 $4,960 $8,850 $7,434 $12,066
2002 $4,859 $8,154 $7,983 $11,762
2001 $4,719 $7,852 $7,953 $11,739
2000 $4,727 $7,544 $7,524 $11,705
1999 $4,290 $6,790 $6,500 $11,031
1998 $4,126 $6,333 $5,833 $10,756
1997 $4,014 $6,243 $5,567 $10,182
1996 $4,043 $6,087 $4,674 $9,496
1995 $4,010 $6,091 $4,184 $8,933
1994 $3,877 $6,073 $6,202 $9,466
1993 $3,860 $6,075 $6,048 $9,041
1992 $3,643 $5,706 $4,221 $9,470
1991 $3,190 $5,053 $3,709 $9,079
1990 $2,986 $4,467 $3,154 $8,578
1989 $2,742 - $2,725 -
1988 $2,406 - $2,279 -
1987 $2,166 - $1,888 -
1986 $1,859 - $1,757 -
1985 $1,754 - $2,602 -
1984 $1,814 - $2,506 -
1983 $1,677 - $2,170 -
1982 $1,629 - $2,621 -
1981 $1,753 - $3,829 -
1980 $1,774 - $3,055 -
1979 $1,071 - $2,049 -
1978 $983 - $1,604 -
1977 $866 - $1,315 -
1976 $729 - $1,465 -
1975 $906 - $1,492 -
1974 $805 - $1,256 -
1973 $619 - $993 -
1972 $529 - $837 -
1971 $481 - $748 -
1970 $442 - $699 -
1969 $402 - $660 -
1968 $392 - $616 -
1967 $426 - $576 -
1966 $412 - $545 -
1965 $383 - $506 -
1964 $356 - $481 -
1963 $342 - $420 -
1962 $332 - $388 -
1961 $320 - $374 -
1960 $307 - $355 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/mexico | CC BY

Belize's GDP per capita is $7,865, ranking 99/197, compared to $13,889 in Mexico, ranking 76/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Belize ranks 117th at $14,347, while Mexico ranks 80th at $26,185.

Economic indicators

Belize Mexico
Gross domestic product
$3.33B
2025
$1.83T
2025
GDP rank
170/197
2025
14/197
2025
GDP growth
2.75%
2024-2025
0.56%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$7,865
2025
$13,889
2025
GDP per capita rank
99/197
2025
76/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$14,347
2024
$26,185
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
117/197
2024
80/197
2024
Government debt
$2.26B
2025
$1.13T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
67.9%
2025
61.8%
2025
Government debt per person
$5,339
2025
$8,577
2025
Government debt per person rank
81/185
2025
66/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,278
2026
$10,482
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$560B
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
333,000
2026
Number of billionaires
1
2026
22
2026
Income share by richest 10%
30%
2018
33.4%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
2.2%
2018
2.1%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
25.9%
2025
29.8%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
1.1%
2024-2025
3.81%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
6.5%
2026
Unemployment rate
29.3%
2020
2.54%
2025
Population
431659
133551566

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Belize
Spending

Debt
Mexico
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Belize Mexico
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 25.9% 67.9% 29.8% 61.8%
2024 26.8% 65.4% 30.8% 59.1%
2023 25.8% 67.5% 28.6% 52.8%
2022 23.4% 66.8% 28.5% 53.8%
2021 25.7% 82.2% 26.7% 56.7%
2020 33.2% 103% 27.8% 58.5%
2019 27.5% 78.6% 25.3% 51.9%
2018 26.9% 79% 25% 52.2%
2017 27.7% 78.1% 25% 52.5%
2016 27.7% 70.5% 26.5% 55%
2015 27.9% 65.1% 26.6% 51%
2014 24.8% 61.5% 26.9% 47.1%
2013 23.8% 62.8% 26.7% 44.1%
2012 22.1% 63.1% 27% 40.8%
2011 23.5% 66.2% 26.6% 41.2%
2010 23.3% 68.4% 26.5% 40.2%
2009 23.2% 69.7% 26.5% 41.7%
2008 21.8% 64.7% 26.5% 40.6%
2007 22.1% 66.4% 22.5% 35.5%
2006 21.2% 71.4% 21.6% 35.8%
2005 21.4% 72.7% 21.2% 36.8%
2004 21.7% 70.7% 20.5% 38.9%
2003 24.6% 67.2% 21.5% 42.1%
2002 24.4% 53.2% 19.8% 39.9%
2001 25.9% 49.5% 19.5% 37.3%
2000 23.2% 79% 19.4% 38.5%
1999 23.6% 41.5% 20.1% 41.7%
1998 20.9% 38.7% 19.5% 39.7%
1997 19.9% 39.4% 20.7% 39.1%
1996 19.9% 38.4% 20.8% 42.5%
1995 - - 18.9% 30.7%
1994 - - 18.9% 26.8%
1993 - - 18.2% 19.2%
1992 - - 19% 21.5%
1991 - - 20.1% 29.2%
1990 - - 22.9% 35.7%
1989 - - 19.2% 36%
1988 - - 23.6% 36.5%
1987 - - 26.7% 52.7%
1986 - - 25.1% 47.8%
1985 - - 21.4% 30.4%
1984 - - 19.8% 25.2%
1983 - - 21.6% 25.3%
1982 - - 24.7% 29.8%
1981 - - 20.1% 41.7%
1980 - - 17.5% 31.4%
1979 - - 16.5% 35.8%
1978 - - 15.7% 39%
1977 - - 15.5% 41.5%
1976 - - 15.5% 31.3%
1975 - - 14.7% 24.4%
1974 - - 13.8% 21.7%
1973 - - 12.7% 20%
1972 - - 11.9% 17.9%
1971 - - 10.6% 17%
1970 - - 10.9% 17.1%
1969 - - 11.8% 10.7%
1968 - - 10.9% 7.85%
1967 - - 10.4% 8.22%
1966 - - 11.6% 5.14%
1965 - - 10.7% 9.99%
1964 - - 9.21% 6.22%
1963 - - 8.51% 4.13%
1962 - - 8.26% 4.2%
1961 - - 8.01% 4.38%
1960 - - 9.5% 4.58%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/mexico | CC BY

In 2025, Belize's government spending was $861M, accounting for 25.9% of its GDP, while Mexico spent $547B, or 29.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 67.9% in Belize and 61.8% in Mexico, ranking 61/185 and 73/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Belize

Mexico
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Belize Mexico
2025 -0.96% -4.86%
2024 -1.52% -5.78%
2023 -2.42% -4.3%
2022 -1.04% -4.32%
2021 -3.29% -3.75%
2020 -8.57% -4.29%
2019 -2.9% -2.27%
2018 -1.37% -2.14%
2017 -3.48% -1.03%
2016 -4.47% -2.68%
2015 -5.14% -3.86%
2014 -1.72% -4.37%
2013 -1.21% -3.56%
2012 -0.22% -3.57%
2011 -1.06% -3.2%
2010 -1.9% -3.8%
2009 -2.46% -3.94%
2008 1.25% -0.68%
2007 -0.19% -1.46%
2006 -2.27% -1.23%
2005 -3.7% -1.43%
2004 -4.52% -1.35%
2003 -8.41% -2.24%
2002 -5.41% -2.18%
2001 -7.23% -2.57%
2000 -6.68% -2.69%
1999 -6.51% -4.49%
1998 -2.69% -4.49%
1997 -1.81% -3.48%
1996 -1.76% -3.66%
1995 - -2.28%
1994 - -2.25%
1993 - -1.51%
1992 - 2.26%
1991 - 1.49%
1990 - -3.11%
1989 - -4.75%
1988 - -8.76%
1987 - -11.6%
1986 - -11.2%
1985 - -7.2%
1984 - -5.79%
1983 - -6.03%
1982 - -11.4%
1981 - -4.9%
1980 - -1.75%
1979 - -2.15%
1978 - -1.88%
1977 - -2.43%
1976 - -3.14%
1975 - -2.64%
1974 - -3.33%
1973 - -2.75%
1972 - -2.3%
1971 - -1.43%
1970 - -1.71%
1969 - -2.74%
1968 - -2.06%
1967 - -2.12%
1966 - -3.2%
1965 - -2.51%
1964 - -1.44%
1963 - -0.92%
1962 - -0.79%
1961 - -0.88%
1960 - -1.36%
1959 - -0.73%
1958 - 0.24%
1957 - -0.03%
1956 - 0.52%
1955 - 0.6%
1954 - -0.94%
1953 - -0.58%
1952 - 0.42%
1951 - -0.26%
1950 - -0.2%
1949 - 0.44%
1948 - -1.55%
1947 - -0.93%
1946 - 0.66%
1945 - -1.11%
1944 - -1.12%
1943 - 0.05%
1942 - -0.93%
1941 - -0.26%
1940 - -0.4%
1939 - -0.06%
1938 - -0.91%
1937 - -0.41%
1936 - -0.39%
1935 - 0.26%
1934 - 0.72%
1933 - -0.58%
1932 - 0%
1931 - 0.71%
1930 - 0.21%
1929 - 0.95%
1928 - 0.24%
1927 - -0.3%
1926 - -0.29%
1925 - 0.46%
1924 - 1.34%
1923 - 1.02%
1922 - 1.13%
1921 - 0.64%
1920 - 0.91%
1919 - 0.41%
1918 - -0.19%
1917 - 0.63%
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - 0.28%
1912 - -0.79%
1911 - -0.31%
1910 - 0.1%
1909 - 0.15%
1908 - -0.08%
1907 - 0.43%
1906 - 0.72%
1905 - 0.35%
1904 - 1.09%
1903 - 3.82%
1902 - 0.42%
1901 - 0.62%
1900 - 0.76%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1900–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/mexico | CC BY

In 2025, Belize's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $31.9M, equivalent to 0.96% of GDP. This compares to Mexico's deficit of $89B, or 4.86% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Belize recorded a fiscal deficit in 29 of those years, while Mexico ran a deficit in 30 years. On average, Belize posted an annual deficit equal to 3.12% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.12% of GDP for Mexico.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Belize

Mexico
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Belize Mexico
2025 1.1% 3.81%
2024 3.3% 4.72%
2023 4.4% 5.53%
2022 6.3% 7.9%
2021 3.2% 5.69%
2020 0.1% 3.4%
2019 0.2% 3.64%
2018 0.3% 4.9%
2017 1.1% 6.04%
2016 0.7% 2.82%
2015 -0.9% 2.72%
2014 1.2% 4.02%
2013 0.5% 3.81%
2012 1.2% 4.11%
2011 1.7% 3.41%
2010 0.9% 4.16%
2009 -1.1% 5.3%
2008 6.4% 5.12%
2007 2.3% 3.97%
2006 4.2% 3.63%
2005 3.7% 3.99%
2004 3.1% 4.69%
2003 2.6% 4.55%
2002 2.2% 5.03%
2001 1.1% 6.37%
2000 0.6% 9.49%
1999 -1.2% 16.6%
1998 -0.8% 15.9%
1997 1% 20.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/mexico | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Belize has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.7%, compared with 6.07% in Mexico. In 2025, inflation was 1.1% in Belize and 3.81% in Mexico.

Top exports between countries

Belize
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $8.34M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.76M
Raw materials & minerals $480K
Textiles & consumer goods $193K
Metals $146K
Machinery & equipment $74K
Chemicals & pharma $65K
Miscellaneous $25K
Precious metals & jewellery $13K
Wood & paper products $13K
Mexico
Export category Export value
Metals $101M
Raw materials & minerals $60M
Textiles & consumer goods $35.8M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $32.2M
Chemicals & pharma $28.3M
Machinery & equipment $21M
Raw agricultural goods $14.5M
Animal & marine products $7.09M
Miscellaneous $3.27M
Wood & paper products $2.84M

Balance of trade

Belize Mexico
Current account balance
-$92.3M
2025
-$8.2B
2025
Current account balance ranking
80/190
2025
171/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.77%
2025
-0.45%
2025
Goods imports
$1.38B
2025
$665B
2025
Goods exports
$443M
2025
$666B
2025
Service imports
$352M
2025
$75.4B
2025
Service exports
$1.21B
2025
$64B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.7%
2024
40.3%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
55.2%
2024
39.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Belize Mexico
Economic freedom 64.7 59.8
Economic freedom ranking 71/197 102/197
Property rights 46.3 37.6
Government integrity 46.2 28.8
Judicial effectiveness 73.9 40.4
Tax burden 81.8 75.4
Government spending 81 74.6
Fiscal health 87.5 56.7
Business freedom 67.2 67
Labor freedom 57.6 57.3
Monetary freedom 72.6 70.6
Trade freedom 57.8 74.2
Investment freedom 55 75
Financial freedom 50 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Belize
Mexico
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Belize Mexico
2026 64.7 59.8
2025 64.2 61.3
2024 61.2 62
2023 59.8 63.2
2022 56.6 63.7
2021 57.5 65.5
2020 57.4 66
2019 55.4 64.7
2018 57.1 64.8
2017 58.6 63.6
2016 57.4 65.2
2015 56.8 66.4
2014 56.7 66.8
2013 57.3 67
2012 61.9 65.3
2011 63.8 67.8
2010 61.5 68.3
2009 63 65.8
2008 63 66.2
2007 63.3 66
2006 64.7 64.7
2005 64.5 65.2
2004 62.8 66
2003 63.5 65.3
2002 65.6 63
2001 65.9 60.6
2000 63.3 59.3
1999 60.7 58.5
1998 59.1 57.9
1997 64.3 57.1
1996 61.6 61.2
1995 62.9 63.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/mexico | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Belize is 64.7, ranking 71/197, compared to 59.8 for Mexico, ranking 102/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Belize Mexico
Services, % of GDP
62.4%
2024
58.9%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
14.6%
2024
30.6%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
7.95%
2024
3.88%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$3.19B
2025
$1.81T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$14,230
2025
$25,070
2025
Total reserves including gold
$559M
2025
$256B
2025
Total reserves ranking
156/177
2025
17/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$1.15M
2025
-$31.8B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$128M
2024
$45.5B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.61M
2024
$13B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
4.15%
2024
3.77%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
52%
2018
29.6%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
19.8%
2024
22.6%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/mexico | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1900–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.