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Economy of Guyana vs United Kingdom compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Guyana has a GDP of $24.7B compared to $3.69T for the United Kingdom, ranking 120/197 and 6/197 by economy size, respectively.

Guyana has $5.99B in government debt (24.3% of GDP), compared to $3.73T (101.2% of GDP) in the United Kingdom.

Guyana vs United Kingdom GDP by year

Guyana
United Kingdom
1x
Year GDP, current $
Guyana United Kingdom
2024 $24,662,709,832 $3,686,033,044,482
2023 $16,918,503,597 $3,420,796,653,789
2022 $14,718,388,489 $3,181,244,350,465
2021 $8,041,362,110 $3,194,559,188,926
2020 $5,471,256,595 $2,724,001,478,305
2019 $5,173,760,192 $2,875,710,080,015
2018 $4,787,636,998 $2,897,028,009,916
2017 $4,748,174,334 $2,699,118,387,873
2016 $4,482,697,337 $2,706,807,606,539
2015 $4,279,840,194 $2,945,579,890,258
2014 $4,127,660,152 $3,085,362,169,410
2013 $4,167,800,929 $2,796,908,333,283
2012 $4,063,088,536 $2,719,715,961,540
2011 $3,691,384,318 $2,675,590,034,129
2010 $3,432,912,517 $2,496,740,681,057
2009 $3,165,663,153 $2,429,358,155,476
2008 $3,025,187,433 $2,945,251,838,235
2007 $2,730,971,595 $3,104,699,879,952
2006 $2,379,817,991 $2,719,558,417,663
2005 $824,880,550 $2,551,361,818,182
2004 $787,814,379 $2,429,774,807,763
2003 $743,063,950 $2,061,227,755,102
2002 $726,131,435 $1,790,536,570,743
2001 $712,167,450 $1,656,171,009,069
2000 $712,667,897 $1,671,597,821,153
1999 $694,754,988 $1,693,458,987,219
1998 $717,530,683 $1,660,821,464,061
1997 $749,138,010 $1,569,317,288,802
1996 $705,406,001 $1,425,287,051,482
1995 $621,626,786 $1,349,094,208,616
1994 $540,874,934 $1,140,489,745,944
1993 $454,101,382 $1,061,388,722,256
1992 $373,573,141 $1,179,659,529,660
1991 $348,533,095 $1,142,797,178,131
1990 $396,582,263 $1,093,169,389,205
1989 $379,779,390 $926,884,816,754
1988 $413,799,990 $910,122,732,124
1987 $354,591,847 $745,162,608,269
1986 $504,651,140 $601,452,653,181
1985 $453,488,372 $489,285,164,271
1984 $437,631,605 $461,487,097,632
1983 $489,333,333 $489,618,008,186
1982 $482,000,000 $515,048,916,841
1981 $570,357,107 $540,765,675,241
1980 $603,200,000 $564,947,710,899
1979 $530,440,000 $438,994,070,309
1978 $507,080,000 $335,883,029,722
1977 $449,880,000 $263,066,457,352
1976 $454,440,000 $232,614,555,256
1975 $494,791,667 $241,756,637,168
1974 $433,954,545 $206,131,369,799
1973 $307,047,619 $192,537,971,583
1972 $285,380,952 $169,965,034,965
1971 $282,050,000 $148,113,896,325
1970 $267,800,000 $130,671,946,244
1969 $249,300,000 $116,464,702,803
1968 $229,750,000 $107,759,910,068
1967 $250,176,471 $113,116,888,211
1966 $228,705,882 $108,572,752,102
1965 $213,235,294 $101,824,755,079
1964 $194,774,513 $94,407,558,351
1963 $175,757,894 $86,561,961,812
1962 $194,949,513 $81,247,564,157
1961 $185,849,535 $77,741,965,703
1960 $170,216,241 $73,233,967,692

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/united-kingdom | CC BY

GDP per capita in Guyana vs United Kingdom by year

Guyana
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Guyana United Kingdom
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $29,675 $80,155 $53,246 $62,009
2023 $20,474 $54,729 $49,944 $59,911
2022 $17,913 $39,711 $47,057 $59,022
2021 $9,861 $22,866 $47,691 $51,004
2020 $6,776 $16,819 $40,813 $48,230
2019 $6,406 $13,241 $43,159 $50,065
2018 $6,048 $12,443 $43,703 $47,212
2017 $6,179 $12,243 $40,917 $46,113
2016 $5,871 $11,516 $41,258 $44,085
2015 $5,640 $11,408 $45,255 $42,515
2014 $5,473 $11,145 $47,746 $41,267
2013 $5,557 $11,200 $43,607 $39,948
2012 $5,444 $10,627 $42,688 $38,337
2011 $4,947 $10,066 $42,296 $37,224
2010 $4,582 $9,337 $39,778 $36,484
2009 $4,209 $8,824 $39,009 $35,042
2008 $4,009 $8,437 $47,652 $36,745
2007 $3,608 $8,110 $50,629 $35,522
2006 $3,136 $7,346 $44,695 $34,727
2005 $1,084 $6,761 $42,240 $32,726
2004 $1,033 $6,673 $40,504 $32,051
2003 $974 $6,392 $34,557 $30,314
2002 $951 $6,304 $30,159 $29,089
2001 $932 $6,131 $28,014 $27,913
2000 $932 $5,860 $28,384 $26,536
1999 $909 $5,812 $28,858 $24,494
1998 $940 $5,573 $28,396 $23,689
1997 $983 $5,615 $26,910 $23,071
1996 $928 $5,210 $24,503 $21,947
1995 $820 $4,753 $23,253 $20,595
1994 $716 $4,447 $19,709 $19,605
1993 $603 $4,027 $18,389 $18,336
1992 $498 $3,651 $20,487 $17,349
1991 $466 $3,322 $19,901 $16,791
1990 $529 $3,022 $19,095 $16,505
1989 $503 - $16,239 -
1988 $545 - $15,987 -
1987 $464 - $13,119 -
1986 $657 - $10,611 -
1985 $588 - $8,652 -
1984 $565 - $8,179 -
1983 $631 - $8,692 -
1982 $621 - $9,146 -
1981 $735 - $9,599 -
1980 $779 - $10,032 -
1979 $689 - $7,805 -
1978 $663 - $5,977 -
1977 $593 - $4,681 -
1976 $604 - $4,138 -
1975 $664 - $4,300 -
1974 $588 - $3,666 -
1973 $421 - $3,426 -
1972 $395 - $3,030 -
1971 $396 - $2,650 -
1970 $381 - $2,348 -
1969 $361 - $2,101 -
1968 $340 - $1,952 -
1967 $378 - $2,059 -
1966 $353 - $1,987 -
1965 $336 - $1,874 -
1964 $313 - $1,748 -
1963 $288.8 - $1,613 -
1962 $327 - $1,526 -
1961 $319 - $1,472 -
1960 $299.1 - $1,398 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/united-kingdom | CC BY

Guyana's GDP per capita is $29,675, ranking 41/197, compared to $53,246 in the United Kingdom, ranking 22/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Guyana ranks 15th at $80,155, while the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009.

Economic indicators

Guyana United Kingdom
Gross domestic product
$24.7B
2024
$3.69T
2024
GDP rank
120/197
2024
6/197
2024
GDP growth
43.8%
2023-2024
1.13%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$29,675
2024
$53,246
2024
GDP per capita rank
41/197
2024
22/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$80,155
2024
$62,009
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
15/197
2024
32/197
2024
Government debt
$5.99B
2024
$3.73T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
24.3%
2024
101.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$7,213
2024
$53,900
2024
Government debt per person rank
66/185
2024
7/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$13,212
2026
$39,230
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$3.1T
2022
Number of millionaires n/a
2,624,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
55
2025
Income share by richest 10%
34.4%
1998
24.6%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
1.1%
1998
3%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
44%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.5%
2023-2024
3.27%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
13.2%
2019
4.36%
2024
Population
842249
70154914

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Guyana
Spending

Debt
United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Guyana United Kingdom
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 23.2% 24.3% 44% 101.2%
2023 23.7% 26.7% 44.8% 100.4%
2022 20.3% 24.8% 44.1% 99.6%
2021 24.8% 45.7% 45.8% 105.1%
2020 30.5% 59.5% 50% 105.8%
2019 28.1% 54% 38.8% 85.7%
2018 27.6% 47.9% 38.9% 86.3%
2017 26.3% 46.1% 39.2% 86.7%
2016 25.2% 44% 39.6% 87.8%
2015 21.7% 42.2% 40.4% 87.9%
2014 23.1% 38.7% 41.2% 87.1%
2013 21.4% 41.4% 41.8% 85.3%
2012 21.8% 44.7% 43.6% 84.5%
2011 23.5% 51.7% 43.5% 81.4%
2010 23.9% 53.1% 44.7% 75.9%
2009 25.4% 52.3% 44.6% 64.9%
2008 24.1% 48.2% 41% 50.8%
2007 25.5% 47.7% 38.7% 43.2%
2006 29% 74.5% 38.4% 42.1%
2005 28.4% 90.7% 38.4% 41%
2004 23.7% 91.8% 38% 39.8%
2003 23.5% 95.6% 37.2% 36.8%
2002 23.1% 105.1% 35.9% 35.4%
2001 24% 104.6% 34.7% 35%
2000 22.9% 97.2% 33.9% 37.7%
1999 17.6% 97.1% 33.9% 40.4%
1998 19.7% 108% 34.5% 42%
1997 20.9% 101.3% 34.9% 44.1%
1996 - - 35.7% 43.7%
1995 - - 37.6% 43.7%
1994 - - 37.5% 40.7%
1993 - - 37.8% 38%
1992 - - 37.8% 33.2%
1991 - - 35.9% 28.5%
1990 - - 35% 28.5%
1989 - - 39.7% 31.4%
1988 - - 40.3% 36.6%
1987 - - 42.7% 41.8%
1986 - - 44.6% 42.9%
1985 - - 48.7% 42.9%
1984 - - 50.3% 44.1%
1983 - - 50.4% 44.2%
1982 - - 50.8% 44.7%
1981 - - 51.2% 41.1%
1980 - - 47.6% 43.7%
1979 - - 45.1% 44.5%
1978 - - 46.2% 47.3%
1977 - - 46.8% 53.7%
1976 - - 49.2% 47.7%
1975 - - 49.1% 49.6%
1974 - - 47.8% 56.2%
1973 - - 43.5% 58.5%
1972 - - 42.3% 65%
1971 - - 41.2% 67.9%
1970 - - 42% 73.4%
1969 - - 39.2% 82.8%
1968 - - 40.3% 88.5%
1967 - - 40.1% 89.1%
1966 - - 35.7% 91.9%
1965 - - 34.6% 94.6%
1964 - - 32.8% 101.1%
1963 - - 37.4% 108.6%
1962 - - 33.8% 110.5%
1961 - - 31.5% 113.8%
1960 - - 33.1% 117.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Guyana's government spending was $5.72B, accounting for 23.2% of its GDP, while the United Kingdom spent $1.62T, or 44% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 24.3% in Guyana and 101.2% in the United Kingdom, ranking 168/185 and 22/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Guyana

United Kingdom
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Guyana United Kingdom
2024 -7.31% -5.75%
2023 -5.78% -6.05%
2022 -5.11% -4.56%
2021 -6.94% -7.72%
2020 -7.78% -13.2%
2019 -2.52% -2.47%
2018 -2.52% -2.27%
2017 -3.14% -2.49%
2016 -3.21% -3.31%
2015 -0.75% -4.59%
2014 -3.88% -5.53%
2013 -2.16% -5.34%
2012 -3.11% -7.45%
2011 -2.13% -7.38%
2010 -1.88% -9.22%
2009 -2.5% -10.1%
2008 -2.78% -5.09%
2007 -3.35% -2.65%
2006 -6.16% -2.76%
2005 -6.54% -3.15%
2004 -2.88% -3.16%
2003 -4.81% -3.22%
2002 -2.42% -1.96%
2001 -3.71% 0.34%
2000 -2.27% 1.4%
1999 -0.47% 0.76%
1998 -2.67% -0.21%
1997 -1.7% -2.01%
1996 - -3.65%
1995 - -4.99%
1994 - -5.74%
1993 - -6.62%
1992 - -5.41%
1991 - -2.77%
1990 - -1.54%
1989 - 0.77%
1988 - 0.46%
1987 - -1.79%
1986 - -2.56%
1985 - -5.57%
1984 - -6.39%
1983 - -6.26%
1982 - -5.66%
1981 - -7.03%
1980 - -5.65%
1979 - -5.79%
1978 - -6.63%
1977 - -4.41%
1976 - -5.61%
1975 - -5.08%
1974 - -4.06%
1973 - -4.29%
1972 - -1.66%
1971 - 1.48%
1970 - 2.61%
1969 - 1.03%
1968 - -2.3%
1967 - -4.57%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.06%
1964 - -1.76%
1963 - -5.47%
1962 - -0.49%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.75%
1959 - -0.58%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - -1.04%
1956 - 0.55%
1955 - -0.39%
1954 - -1.65%
1953 - -2.84%
1952 - -1.26%
1951 - 2.03%
1950 - 0.34%
1949 - 3.01%
1948 - -0.39%
1947 - -15.8%
1946 - -22.5%
1945 - -30.9%
1944 - -29.7%
1943 - -33.3%
1942 - -31.6%
1941 - -32%
1940 - -12.1%
1939 - -2.99%
1938 - 0%
1937 - 0.82%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 0.37%
1934 - 0.48%
1933 - 0.99%
1932 - -0.15%
1931 - 0.8%
1930 - 1.01%
1929 - 0.75%
1928 - 1.75%
1927 - 1.62%
1926 - 0.6%
1925 - 0.84%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - 2.23%
1922 - 2.45%
1921 - 1.15%
1920 - 4.2%
1919 - -6.28%
1918 - -34.4%
1917 - -48.8%
1916 - -50.6%
1915 - -30%
1914 - -14.6%
1913 - 0.25%
1912 - 0.22%
1911 - 0.51%
1910 - 1.75%
1909 - -1.25%
1908 - 0.34%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.58%
1905 - 0.36%
1904 - 0.2%
1903 - -0.22%
1902 - -1.77%
1901 - -2.74%
1900 - -2.96%
1899 - -0.79%
1898 - 0.01%
1897 - 0.25%
1896 - 0.17%
1895 - 0.3%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - -0.007%
1892 - 0.14%
1891 - 0.19%
1890 - 0.23%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - 0.27%
1887 - 0.25%
1886 - 0.07%
1885 - -0.21%
1884 - -0.04%
1883 - 0.06%
1882 - 0.02%
1881 - 0.06%
1880 - 0.1%
1879 - -0.86%
1878 - -0.18%
1877 - -0.18%
1876 - 0.09%
1875 - 0%
1874 - 0.09%
1873 - 0%
1872 - 0.55%
1871 - 0.29%
1870 - 0%
1869 - 0.77%
1868 - -0.45%
1867 - -0.45%
1866 - 0.11%
1865 - 0%
1864 - 0.24%
1863 - 0%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.4%
1860 - -0.43%
1859 - 0%
1858 - -0.15%
1857 - -0.15%
1856 - -0.6%
1855 - -3.57%
1854 - -3.39%
1853 - 0.5%
1852 - 0.35%
1851 - 0.35%
1850 - 0.37%
1849 - 0.34%
1848 - -0.17%
1847 - -6.13%
1846 - 0.52%
1845 - 0.56%
1844 - 0.59%
1843 - 0.44%
1842 - -0.87%
1841 - -0.42%
1840 - -0.2%
1839 - -0.18%
1838 - -0.19%
1837 - -0.21%
1836 - 0.59%
1835 - 0.42%
1834 - 0.23%
1833 - 0.24%
1832 - 0%
1831 - 0%
1830 - 0.45%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Guyana's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.8B, equivalent to 7.31% of GDP. This compares to the United Kingdom's deficit of $212B, or 5.75% of GDP.

Over the past 28 years, Guyana recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while the United Kingdom ran a deficit in 25 years. On average, Guyana posted an annual deficit equal to 3.59% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.25% of GDP for the United Kingdom.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Guyana

United Kingdom
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Guyana United Kingdom
2024 2.5% 3.27%
2023 4.5% 6.79%
2022 6.5% 7.92%
2021 3.3% 2.52%
2020 1.2% 0.99%
2019 2.1% 1.74%
2018 1.3% 2.29%
2017 1.9% 2.56%
2016 0.8% 1.01%
2015 -0.9% 0.37%
2014 0.7% 1.45%
2013 1.9% 2.29%
2012 2.4% 2.57%
2011 4.4% 3.86%
2010 4.3% 2.49%
2009 3% 1.96%
2008 8.1% 3.52%
2007 12.2% 2.39%
2006 6.7% 2.46%
2005 6.9% 2.09%
2004 4.7% 1.39%
2003 6% 1.38%
2002 5.4% 1.52%
2001 2.6% 1.53%
2000 6.1% 1.18%
1999 7.5% 1.75%
1998 4.6% 1.82%
1997 3.6% 2.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/united-kingdom | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Guyana has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.08%, compared with 2.4% in the United Kingdom. In 2024, inflation was 2.5% in Guyana and 3.27% in the United Kingdom.

Top exports between countries

Guyana
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $3.12B
Machinery & equipment $16.8M
Raw agricultural goods $7.32M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.97M
Precious metals & jewellery $1.25M
Metals $1M
Wood & paper products $773K
Chemicals & pharma $277K
Textiles & consumer goods $253K
United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $132M
Metals $30.3M
Chemicals & pharma $24M
Miscellaneous $5.1M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $4.17M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.02M
Raw materials & minerals $3.96M
Wood & paper products $1.39M
Animal & marine products $1.24M
Raw agricultural goods $358K

Balance of trade

Guyana United Kingdom
Current account balance
$2.35B
2023
-$80.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
43/190
2023
189/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+13.9%
2023
-2.19%
2024
Goods imports
$6B
2023
$763B
2024
Goods exports
$13.2B
2023
$494B
2024
Service imports
$4.95B
2023
$411B
2024
Service exports
$529M
2023
$648B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
109.7%
2005
31.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
84.6%
2005
31%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Guyana United Kingdom
Economic freedom 58.7 70.4
Economic freedom ranking 109/197 35/197
Property rights 46.7 93.6
Government integrity 38.8 83
Judicial effectiveness 48.6 83.1
Tax burden 76.4 61.7
Government spending 85 41.1
Fiscal health 39.9 32.4
Business freedom 70.9 83.6
Labor freedom 76 61.2
Monetary freedom 78.5 71.9
Trade freedom 59.2 82.8
Investment freedom 55 70
Financial freedom 30 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Guyana
United Kingdom
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Guyana United Kingdom
2026 58.7 70.4
2025 58.2 69.3
2024 57.3 68.6
2023 56.9 69.9
2022 59.5 72.7
2021 57.4 78.4
2020 56.2 79.3
2019 56.8 78.9
2018 58.7 78
2017 58.5 76.4
2016 55.4 76.4
2015 55.5 75.8
2014 55.7 74.9
2013 53.8 74.8
2012 51.3 74.1
2011 49.4 74.5
2010 48.4 76.5
2009 48.4 79
2008 48.8 79.4
2007 53.7 79.9
2006 56.6 80.4
2005 56.5 79.2
2004 53 77.7
2003 50.3 77.5
2002 54.3 78.5
2001 53.3 77.6
2000 52.4 77.3
1999 53.3 76.2
1998 52.7 76.5
1997 53.2 76.4
1996 50.1 76.4
1995 45.7 77.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Guyana is 58.7, ranking 109/197, compared to 70.4 for the United Kingdom, ranking 35/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Guyana United Kingdom
Services, % of GDP
14.5%
2024
72.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
76%
2024
17.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
7.62%
2024
0.64%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$16.7B
2024
$3.42T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$52,290
2024
$61,460
2024
Total reserves including gold
$1.01B
2024
$175B
2024
Total reserves ranking
141/177
2024
19/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$1.14B
2023
$42.8B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$8.63B
2024
-$13B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$5.7M
2024
-$72.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.73%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
35%
2020
18.6%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
32.3%
2005
19.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.