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Economy of Guyana vs Netherlands compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Guyana has a GDP of $24.7B compared to $1.21T for the Netherlands, ranking 120/197 and 19/197 by economy size, respectively.

Guyana has $5.99B in government debt (24.3% of GDP), compared to $532B (43.8% of GDP) in the Netherlands.

Guyana vs Netherlands GDP by year

Guyana
Netherlands
1x
Year GDP, current $
Guyana Netherlands
2024 $24,662,709,832 $1,214,927,698,573
2023 $16,918,503,597 $1,135,475,867,551
2022 $14,718,388,489 $1,046,540,797,549
2021 $8,041,362,110 $1,054,472,123,450
2020 $5,471,256,595 $932,560,861,701
2019 $5,173,760,192 $928,903,005,576
2018 $4,787,636,998 $929,733,599,797
2017 $4,748,174,334 $848,233,537,846
2016 $4,482,697,337 $797,163,949,290
2015 $4,279,840,194 $775,743,675,303
2014 $4,127,660,152 $901,556,501,756
2013 $4,167,800,929 $883,951,539,007
2012 $4,063,088,536 $845,689,017,066
2011 $3,691,384,318 $913,140,741,333
2010 $3,432,912,517 $852,464,982,433
2009 $3,165,663,153 $878,954,223,140
2008 $3,025,187,433 $957,901,566,041
2007 $2,730,971,595 $853,499,460,873
2006 $2,379,817,991 $737,593,995,289
2005 $824,880,550 $688,133,699,636
2004 $787,814,379 $661,224,886,143
2003 $743,063,950 $582,435,617,082
2002 $726,131,435 $475,529,972,123
2001 $712,167,450 $432,536,219,669
2000 $712,667,897 $417,649,282,154
1999 $694,754,988 $447,778,514,140
1998 $717,530,683 $438,612,530,549
1997 $749,138,010 $417,506,211,882
1996 $705,406,001 $451,372,549,020
1995 $621,626,786 $452,967,334,614
1994 $540,874,934 $379,688,232,232
1993 $454,101,382 $354,070,495,966
1992 $373,573,141 $363,497,050,125
1991 $348,533,095 $327,982,316,124
1990 $396,582,263 $318,799,003,994
1989 $379,779,390 $258,716,904,292
1988 $413,799,990 $262,295,966,105
1987 $354,591,847 $245,406,949,521
1986 $504,651,140 $201,157,708,221
1985 $453,488,372 $144,057,523,222
1984 $437,631,605 $144,124,462,912
1983 $489,333,333 $153,671,294,109
1982 $482,000,000 $158,712,765,536
1981 $570,357,107 $164,375,775,854
1980 $603,200,000 $195,439,301,707
1979 $530,440,000 $179,933,827,310
1978 $507,080,000 $156,089,077,205
1977 $449,880,000 $127,203,923,857
1976 $454,440,000 $109,329,386,564
1975 $494,791,667 $100,397,061,694
1974 $433,954,545 $87,371,810,804
1973 $307,047,619 $71,946,639,603
1972 $285,380,952 $54,787,070,173
1971 $282,050,000 $44,644,730,576
1970 $267,800,000 $38,220,884,519
1969 $249,300,000 $34,086,038,090
1968 $229,750,000 $30,097,635,751
1967 $250,176,471 $27,143,828,099
1966 $228,705,882 $24,741,480,717
1965 $213,235,294 $22,721,869,808
1964 $194,774,513 $20,232,048,553
1963 $175,757,894 $17,193,744,109
1962 $194,949,513 $15,847,582,341
1961 $185,849,535 $14,599,836,396
1960 $170,216,241 $13,282,979,015

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/netherlands | CC BY

GDP per capita in Guyana vs Netherlands by year

Guyana
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Netherlands
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Guyana Netherlands
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $29,675 $80,155 $67,520 $86,174
2023 $20,474 $54,729 $63,516 $81,729
2022 $17,913 $39,711 $59,123 $78,630
2021 $9,861 $22,866 $60,142 $68,574
2020 $6,776 $16,819 $53,468 $62,597
2019 $6,406 $13,241 $53,555 $62,345
2018 $6,048 $12,443 $53,955 $58,819
2017 $6,179 $12,243 $49,514 $56,038
2016 $5,871 $11,516 $46,809 $53,162
2015 $5,640 $11,408 $45,794 $50,957
2014 $5,473 $11,145 $53,457 $49,751
2013 $5,557 $11,200 $52,602 $49,622
2012 $5,444 $10,627 $50,474 $47,653
2011 $4,947 $10,066 $54,702 $47,004
2010 $4,582 $9,337 $51,306 $45,301
2009 $4,209 $8,824 $53,172 $44,959
2008 $4,009 $8,437 $58,247 $46,714
2007 $3,608 $8,110 $52,101 $44,203
2006 $3,136 $7,346 $45,124 $41,208
2005 $1,084 $6,761 $42,165 $37,778
2004 $1,033 $6,673 $40,611 $35,961
2003 $974 $6,392 $35,897 $34,286
2002 $951 $6,304 $29,447 $34,568
2001 $932 $6,131 $26,956 $33,259
2000 $932 $5,860 $26,225 $31,895
1999 $909 $5,812 $28,319 $29,316
1998 $940 $5,573 $27,924 $27,749
1997 $983 $5,615 $26,745 $26,062
1996 $928 $5,210 $29,064 $24,564
1995 $820 $4,753 $29,301 $23,480
1994 $716 $4,447 $24,683 $22,414
1993 $603 $4,027 $23,156 $21,443
1992 $498 $3,651 $23,939 $20,831
1991 $466 $3,322 $21,764 $20,177
1990 $529 $3,022 $21,322 $19,203
1989 $503 - $17,423 -
1988 $545 - $17,771 -
1987 $464 - $16,734 -
1986 $657 - $13,804 -
1985 $588 - $9,941 -
1984 $565 - $9,992 -
1983 $631 - $10,696 -
1982 $621 - $11,089 -
1981 $735 - $11,537 -
1980 $779 - $13,812 -
1979 $689 - $12,817 -
1978 $663 - $11,196 -
1977 $593 - $9,180 -
1976 $604 - $7,937 -
1975 $664 - $7,346 -
1974 $588 - $6,450 -
1973 $421 - $5,353 -
1972 $395 - $4,110 -
1971 $396 - $3,384 -
1970 $381 - $2,931 -
1969 $361 - $2,647 -
1968 $340 - $2,364 -
1967 $378 - $2,155 -
1966 $353 - $1,986 -
1965 $336 - $1,848 -
1964 $313 - $1,668 -
1963 $288.8 - $1,437 -
1962 $327 - $1,342 -
1961 $319 - $1,254 -
1960 $299.1 - $1,156 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/netherlands | CC BY

Guyana's GDP per capita is $29,675, ranking 41/197, compared to $67,520 in the Netherlands, ranking 13/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Guyana ranks 15th at $80,155, while the Netherlands ranks 11th at $86,174.

Economic indicators

Guyana Netherlands
Gross domestic product
$24.7B
2024
$1.21T
2024
GDP rank
120/197
2024
19/197
2024
GDP growth
43.8%
2023-2024
1.08%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$29,675
2024
$67,520
2024
GDP per capita rank
41/197
2024
13/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$80,155
2024
$86,174
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
15/197
2024
11/197
2024
Government debt
$5.99B
2024
$532B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
24.3%
2024
43.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$7,213
2024
$29,571
2024
Government debt per person rank
66/185
2024
24/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$13,212
2026
$47,815
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$1.1T
2017
Number of millionaires n/a
1,267,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
13
2025
Income share by richest 10%
34.4%
1998
21.4%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
1.1%
1998
3.6%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
44.4%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.5%
2023-2024
3.35%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
13.2%
2019
3.64%
2024
Population
842249
18252623

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Guyana
Spending

Debt
Netherlands
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Guyana Netherlands
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 23.2% 24.3% 44.4% 43.8%
2023 23.7% 26.7% 44% 45.9%
2022 20.3% 24.8% 43.3% 48.4%
2021 24.8% 45.7% 45.9% 50.5%
2020 30.5% 59.5% 47.8% 53.4%
2019 28.1% 54% 42.1% 47.7%
2018 27.6% 47.9% 42.4% 51.6%
2017 26.3% 46.1% 42.8% 56%
2016 25.2% 44% 43.9% 60.9%
2015 21.7% 42.2% 45.3% 63.8%
2014 23.1% 38.7% 46.7% 67.2%
2013 21.4% 41.4% 47.5% 67.2%
2012 21.8% 44.7% 47.6% 65.7%
2011 23.5% 51.7% 47.8% 61.2%
2010 23.9% 53.1% 48.9% 58.9%
2009 25.4% 52.3% 48.4% 56.3%
2008 24.1% 48.2% 44.3% 54.4%
2007 25.5% 47.7% 43.3% 42.7%
2006 29% 74.5% 44% 45%
2005 28.4% 90.7% 43.4% 49.6%
2004 23.7% 91.8% 44.7% 50.1%
2003 23.5% 95.6% 45.8% 49.8%
2002 23.1% 105.1% 44.8% 48.7%
2001 24% 104.6% 44.1% 49.4%
2000 22.9% 97.2% 43.2% 52.2%
1999 17.6% 97.1% 44.3% 58.6%
1998 19.7% 108% 44.6% 62.7%
1997 20.9% 101.3% 45.7% 65.7%
1996 - - 47.3% 71.2%
1995 - - 53.9% 73%
1994 - - 49.4% 73.5%
1993 - - 50.9% 76.7%
1992 - - 50.2% 75.6%
1991 - - 49.6% 74.8%
1990 - - 48.8% 75%
1989 - - 54.5% 73.7%
1988 - - 56.4% 73.7%
1987 - - 58.5% 71.3%
1986 - - 57% 68.9%
1985 - - 57.3% 67.1%
1984 - - 58.1% 61.9%
1983 - - 59.1% 58.4%
1982 - - 59.1% 52.4%
1981 - - 56.8% 46.9%
1980 - - 55.2% 43.6%
1979 - - 53.7% 39.5%
1978 - - 52.3% 38.1%
1977 - - 50.6% 34.9%
1976 - - 50.8% 35.2%
1975 - - 50.8% 36.1%
1974 - - 46.4% 36.3%
1973 - - 44.6% 38.1%
1972 - - 44.9% 41.3%
1971 - - 44.6% 43.7%
1970 - - 43.2% 46.1%
1969 - - 42.1% 48.2%
1968 - - 25.4% 54.4%
1967 - - 24.1% 55%
1966 - - 24.4% 55.6%
1965 - - 23.4% 55.8%
1964 - - 22.3% 57.1%
1963 - - 21.9% 61.7%
1962 - - 22.1% 63.8%
1961 - - 22.2% 65.9%
1960 - - 20.4% 66.7%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/netherlands | CC BY

In 2024, Guyana's government spending was $5.72B, accounting for 23.2% of its GDP, while the Netherlands spent $540B, or 44.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 24.3% in Guyana and 43.8% in the Netherlands, ranking 168/185 and 123/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Guyana

Netherlands
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Guyana Netherlands
2024 -7.31% -0.94%
2023 -5.78% -0.37%
2022 -5.11% 0.002%
2021 -6.94% -2.26%
2020 -7.78% -3.72%
2019 -2.52% 1.91%
2018 -2.52% 1.49%
2017 -3.14% 1.35%
2016 -3.21% 0.23%
2015 -0.75% -1.84%
2014 -3.88% -2.17%
2013 -2.16% -2.87%
2012 -3.11% -3.83%
2011 -2.13% -4.42%
2010 -1.88% -5.3%
2009 -2.5% -5.06%
2008 -2.78% -0.06%
2007 -3.35% -0.16%
2006 -6.16% 0.04%
2005 -6.54% -0.51%
2004 -2.88% -1.82%
2003 -4.81% -3.19%
2002 -2.42% -2.23%
2001 -3.71% -0.47%
2000 -2.27% 1.14%
1999 -0.47% 0.28%
1998 -2.67% -1.34%
1997 -1.7% -1.6%
1996 - -1.91%
1995 - -8.72%
1994 - -3.53%
1993 - -3.13%
1992 - -3.12%
1991 - -2.05%
1990 - -4.08%
1989 - -5%
1988 - -4.23%
1987 - -5.39%
1986 - -4.62%
1985 - -3.6%
1984 - -5.25%
1983 - -5.47%
1982 - -6.17%
1981 - -4.92%
1980 - -3.95%
1979 - -2.46%
1978 - -2.09%
1977 - -0.75%
1976 - -2.02%
1975 - -2.82%
1974 - -0.26%
1973 - 0.54%
1972 - -0.7%
1971 - -1.58%
1970 - -1.52%
1969 - -1.14%
1968 - -3.06%
1967 - -1.97%
1966 - -2.37%
1965 - -1.15%
1964 - -1.2%
1963 - -0.54%
1962 - -1.38%
1961 - -0.38%
1960 - 0.9%
1959 - -0.74%
1958 - -0.89%
1957 - 0.3%
1956 - -0.83%
1955 - -0.25%
1954 - 0.76%
1953 - -2.95%
1952 - 2.19%
1951 - 2.13%
1950 - 0.81%
1949 - 2.3%
1948 - -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -3.19%
1938 - -0.37%
1937 - 0.02%
1936 - -0.41%
1935 - -0.69%
1934 - -0.92%
1933 - -2.55%
1932 - -1.97%
1931 - -1.66%
1930 - -0.55%
1929 - -1.16%
1928 - -0.62%
1927 - -0.33%
1926 - -0.78%
1925 - -2.04%
1924 - -3.37%
1923 - -2.62%
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -0.45%
1912 - -0.47%
1911 - -0.13%
1910 - -0.93%
1909 - -0.34%
1908 - -0.57%
1907 - 0.03%
1906 - 0.16%
1905 - 0.1%
1904 - -0.72%
1903 - 0.09%
1902 - -0.14%
1901 - 0.03%
1900 - 0.06%
1899 - -0.13%
1898 - -0.48%
1897 - -0.45%
1896 - 0.08%
1895 - -0.06%
1894 - 0.12%
1893 - -0.76%
1892 - -1.72%
1891 - -0.06%
1890 - -0.06%
1889 - 0.04%
1888 - -0.31%
1887 - -0.37%
1886 - -0.08%
1885 - -0.55%
1884 - 0%
1883 - -2.1%
1882 - -1.11%
1881 - -1.06%
1880 - 0.21%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/netherlands | CC BY

In 2024, Guyana's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.8B, equivalent to 7.31% of GDP. This compares to the Netherlands' deficit of $11.5B, or 0.94% of GDP.

Over the past 28 years, Guyana recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while the Netherlands ran a deficit in 20 years. On average, Guyana posted an annual deficit equal to 3.59% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.35% of GDP for the Netherlands.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Guyana

Netherlands
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Guyana Netherlands
2024 2.5% 3.35%
2023 4.5% 3.84%
2022 6.5% 10%
2021 3.3% 2.68%
2020 1.2% 1.27%
2019 2.1% 2.63%
2018 1.3% 1.7%
2017 1.9% 1.38%
2016 0.8% 0.32%
2015 -0.9% 0.6%
2014 0.7% 0.98%
2013 1.9% 2.51%
2012 2.4% 2.46%
2011 4.4% 2.34%
2010 4.3% 1.28%
2009 3% 1.19%
2008 8.1% 2.49%
2007 12.2% 1.61%
2006 6.7% 1.1%
2005 6.9% 1.69%
2004 4.7% 1.26%
2003 6% 2.09%
2002 5.4% 3.29%
2001 2.6% 4.16%
2000 6.1% 2.36%
1999 7.5% 2.16%
1998 4.6% 1.96%
1997 3.6% 2.11%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/netherlands | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Guyana has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.08%, compared with 2.31% in the Netherlands. In 2024, inflation was 2.5% in Guyana and 3.35% in the Netherlands.

Top exports between countries

Guyana
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $3.44B
Machinery & equipment $17.6M
Animal & marine products $8.66M
Raw agricultural goods $6.37M
Metals $2.21M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $998K
Wood & paper products $928K
Chemicals & pharma $291K
Textiles & consumer goods $222K
Precious metals & jewellery $26K
Netherlands
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $77.2M
Metals $15M
Raw materials & minerals $13.6M
Chemicals & pharma $13.3M
Raw agricultural goods $9.84M
Animal & marine products $8.31M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $8.1M
Textiles & consumer goods $3.54M
Miscellaneous $3.3M
Wood & paper products $319K

Balance of trade

Guyana Netherlands
Current account balance
$2.35B
2023
$111B
2024
Current account balance ranking
43/190
2023
5/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+13.9%
2023
+9.13%
2024
Goods imports
$6B
2023
$606B
2024
Goods exports
$13.2B
2023
$693B
2024
Service imports
$4.95B
2023
$262B
2024
Service exports
$529M
2023
$308B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
109.7%
2005
71.4%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
84.6%
2005
82.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Guyana Netherlands
Economic freedom 58.7 78.5
Economic freedom ranking 109/197 11/197
Property rights 46.7 96
Government integrity 38.8 86.8
Judicial effectiveness 48.6 96.1
Tax burden 76.4 54
Government spending 85 42.2
Fiscal health 39.9 95.9
Business freedom 70.9 85
Labor freedom 76 59.3
Monetary freedom 78.5 77
Trade freedom 59.2 79.4
Investment freedom 55 90
Financial freedom 30 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Guyana
Netherlands
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Guyana Netherlands
2026 58.7 78.5
2025 58.2 78.2
2024 57.3 77.3
2023 56.9 78
2022 59.5 79.5
2021 57.4 76.8
2020 56.2 77
2019 56.8 76.8
2018 58.7 76.2
2017 58.5 75.8
2016 55.4 74.6
2015 55.5 73.7
2014 55.7 74.2
2013 53.8 73.5
2012 51.3 73.3
2011 49.4 74.7
2010 48.4 75
2009 48.4 77
2008 48.8 77.4
2007 53.7 75.5
2006 56.6 75.4
2005 56.5 72.9
2004 53 74.5
2003 50.3 74.6
2002 54.3 75.1
2001 53.3 73
2000 52.4 70.4
1999 53.3 70.2
1998 52.7 69.2
1997 53.2 70.4
1996 50.1 69.7
1995 45.7 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/netherlands | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Guyana is 58.7, ranking 109/197, compared to 78.5 for the Netherlands, ranking 11/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Guyana Netherlands
Services, % of GDP
14.5%
2024
70.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
76%
2024
17.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
7.62%
2024
1.73%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$16.7B
2024
$1.12T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$52,290
2024
$84,970
2024
Total reserves including gold
$1.01B
2024
$79.1B
2024
Total reserves ranking
141/177
2024
34/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$1.14B
2023
$11.1B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$8.63B
2024
-$17.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$5.7M
2024
-$5.93B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.73%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
35%
2020
14.5%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
32.3%
2005
19.7%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/netherlands | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.