Skip to content

Economy of Guyana vs Sweden compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Guyana has a GDP of $27.1B compared to $669B for Sweden, ranking 120/197 and 26/197 by economy size, respectively.

Guyana has $7.74B in government debt (28.6% of GDP), compared to $234B (34.9% of GDP) in Sweden.

Guyana vs Sweden GDP by year

Guyana
Sweden
1x
Year GDP, current $
Guyana Sweden
2025 $27,097,477,218 $668,998,664,082
2024 $24,662,714,628 $604,827,393,489
2023 $16,918,503,597 $578,990,915,246
2022 $14,718,388,489 $575,071,237,641
2021 $8,041,362,110 $631,693,331,301
2020 $5,471,256,595 $544,265,668,452
2019 $5,173,760,192 $530,894,124,494
2018 $4,787,636,998 $549,649,344,043
2017 $4,748,174,334 $535,172,356,785
2016 $4,482,697,337 $513,058,312,951
2015 $4,279,840,194 $501,602,351,912
2014 $4,127,660,152 $577,727,767,304
2013 $4,167,800,929 $584,125,353,119
2012 $4,063,088,536 $549,739,674,655
2011 $3,691,384,318 $570,538,581,144
2010 $3,432,912,517 $492,750,897,239
2009 $3,165,663,153 $434,311,714,442
2008 $3,025,187,433 $514,614,100,833
2007 $2,730,971,595 $490,047,789,548
2006 $2,379,817,991 $422,528,394,459
2005 $824,880,550 $391,688,455,929
2004 $787,814,379 $384,545,442,175
2003 $743,063,950 $334,072,443,516
2002 $726,131,435 $267,371,907,447
2001 $712,167,450 $242,497,797,485
2000 $712,667,897 $262,903,560,280
1999 $694,754,988 $274,318,357,862
1998 $717,530,683 $270,887,306,759
1997 $749,138,010 $268,249,616,891
1996 $705,406,001 $291,949,597,375
1995 $621,626,786 $267,050,453,507
1994 $545,278,380 $228,699,066,874
1993 $454,101,382 $212,644,602,616
1992 $373,573,141 $283,908,914,454
1991 $348,533,095 $273,831,464,572
1990 $396,582,263 $261,466,577,009
1989 $379,779,390 $217,632,340,195
1988 $413,799,990 $206,686,590,776
1987 $354,591,847 $182,744,315,974
1986 $504,651,140 $150,279,869,729
1985 $453,488,372 $113,958,084,357
1984 $437,631,605 $109,043,045,407
1983 $489,333,333 $104,862,109,663
1982 $482,000,000 $114,214,731,799
1981 $570,357,107 $129,498,921,476
1980 $603,200,000 $141,886,067,004
1979 $530,440,000 $123,207,527,699
1978 $507,080,000 $104,290,933,496
1977 $449,880,000 $94,331,782,622
1976 $454,440,000 $89,232,517,046
1975 $494,791,667 $82,765,232,648
1974 $433,954,545 $65,917,634,590
1973 $307,047,619 $59,318,842,992
1972 $285,380,952 $48,883,173,400
1971 $282,050,000 $41,506,151,115
1970 $267,800,000 $38,037,226,668
1969 $249,300,000 $33,967,301,561
1968 $229,750,000 $31,277,871,669
1967 $250,176,471 $29,474,881,506
1966 $228,705,882 $27,154,716,721
1965 $213,235,294 $24,963,947,415
1964 $194,774,513 $22,685,490,195
1963 $175,757,894 $20,342,131,882
1962 $194,949,513 $18,794,066,990
1961 $185,849,535 $17,329,620,585
1960 $170,216,241 $15,930,075,467

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/sweden | CC BY

GDP per capita in Guyana vs Sweden by year

Guyana
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sweden
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Guyana Sweden
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $32,414 - $63,133 -
2024 $29,675 $80,155 $57,223 $71,845
2023 $20,474 $54,729 $54,950 $69,226
2022 $17,913 $39,711 $54,837 $67,076
2021 $9,861 $22,866 $60,648 $62,732
2020 $6,776 $16,819 $52,569 $57,489
2019 $6,406 $13,241 $51,649 $57,046
2018 $6,048 $12,443 $54,018 $53,122
2017 $6,179 $12,243 $53,210 $51,474
2016 $5,871 $11,516 $51,704 $50,290
2015 $5,640 $11,408 $51,188 $48,772
2014 $5,473 $11,145 $59,583 $46,841
2013 $5,557 $11,200 $60,844 $46,098
2012 $5,444 $10,627 $57,750 $45,207
2011 $4,947 $10,066 $60,379 $44,333
2010 $4,582 $9,337 $52,543 $41,951
2009 $4,209 $8,824 $46,708 $40,094
2008 $4,009 $8,437 $55,817 $41,907
2007 $3,608 $8,110 $53,568 $40,813
2006 $3,136 $7,346 $46,531 $37,672
2005 $1,084 $6,761 $43,378 $34,198
2004 $1,033 $6,673 $42,758 $33,805
2003 $974 $6,392 $37,292 $31,788
2002 $951 $6,304 $29,958 $30,987
2001 $932 $6,131 $27,259 $29,946
2000 $932 $5,860 $29,633 $29,636
1999 $909 $5,812 $30,969 $27,496
1998 $940 $5,573 $30,605 $25,897
1997 $983 $5,615 $30,324 $24,817
1996 $928 $5,210 $33,022 $23,952
1995 $820 $4,753 $30,254 $23,084
1994 $721 $4,447 $26,046 $21,835
1993 $603 $4,027 $24,390 $20,700
1992 $498 $3,651 $32,753 $20,767
1991 $466 $3,322 $31,777 $20,663
1990 $529 $3,022 $30,549 $20,357
1989 $503 - $25,625 -
1988 $545 - $24,499 -
1987 $464 - $21,761 -
1986 $657 - $17,955 -
1985 $588 - $13,647 -
1984 $565 - $13,080 -
1983 $631 - $12,590 -
1982 $621 - $13,719 -
1981 $735 - $15,564 -
1980 $779 - $17,073 -
1979 $689 - $14,856 -
1978 $663 - $12,602 -
1977 $593 - $11,432 -
1976 $604 - $10,853 -
1975 $664 - $10,103 -
1974 $588 - $8,078 -
1973 $421 - $7,291 -
1972 $395 - $6,018 -
1971 $396 - $5,125 -
1970 $381 - $4,729 -
1969 $361 - $4,263 -
1968 $340 - $3,953 -
1967 $378 - $3,746 -
1966 $353 - $3,478 -
1965 $336 - $3,228 -
1964 $313 - $2,961 -
1963 $288.8 - $2,675 -
1962 $327 - $2,485 -
1961 $319 - $2,304 -
1960 $299.1 - $2,128 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/sweden | CC BY

Guyana's GDP per capita is $32,414, ranking 40/197, compared to $63,133 in Sweden, ranking 15/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Guyana ranks 15th at $80,155, while Sweden ranks 23rd at $71,845.

Economic indicators

Guyana Sweden
Gross domestic product
$27.1B
2025
$669B
2025
GDP rank
120/197
2025
26/197
2025
GDP growth
19.3%
2024-2025
1.54%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$32,414
2025
$63,133
2025
GDP per capita rank
40/197
2025
15/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$80,155
2024
$71,845
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
15/197
2024
23/197
2024
Government debt
$7.74B
2025
$234B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
28.6%
2025
34.9%
2025
Government debt per person
$9,255
2025
$22,057
2025
Government debt per person rank
63/185
2025
31/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$13,307
2026
$40,083
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$290B
2003
Number of millionaires n/a
507,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
50
2026
Income share by richest 10%
34.4%
1998
22.3%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.1%
1998
2.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
23.9%
2025
49.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.3%
2024-2025
0.68%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
1.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
14.7%
2021
8.8%
2025
Population
843423
10665077

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Guyana
Spending

Debt
Sweden
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Guyana Sweden
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 23.9% 28.6% 49.4% 34.9%
2024 23.3% 24.3% 49.3% 33.9%
2023 23.7% 26.7% 48.9% 32.1%
2022 20.4% 24.8% 48.3% 34.2%
2021 24.8% 38.9% 49.3% 37.3%
2020 30.5% 47.4% 52% 40.4%
2019 28.1% 34.2% 48.8% 35.8%
2018 27.6% 37.4% 49.8% 39.9%
2017 26.3% 35.2% 49.2% 41.6%
2016 25.2% 35.7% 49.5% 42.9%
2015 21.7% 42.2% 49.4% 44.5%
2014 23.1% 38.7% 50.7% 45.7%
2013 21.4% 41.4% 51.4% 40.8%
2012 21.8% 44.7% 50.2% 38%
2011 23.5% 51.7% 49.1% 37.7%
2010 23.9% 53.1% 49.7% 38.6%
2009 25.4% 52.3% 51.7% 41.2%
2008 24.1% 48.2% 49.4% 37.9%
2007 25.5% 47.7% 48.5% 39.2%
2006 29% 74.5% 50.1% 43.8%
2005 28.4% 90.7% 51.2% 48.9%
2004 23.7% 91.8% 51.7% 48.7%
2003 23.5% 95.6% 53% 49.5%
2002 23.1% 105.1% 52.7% 49.9%
2001 24% 104.6% 51.7% 52%
2000 22.9% 97.2% 52.2% 50.4%
1999 17.6% 97.1% 55.2% 60.3%
1998 19.7% 108% 55.6% 65.4%
1997 20.9% 101.3% 57.9% 67.7%
1996 - - 60% 68.9%
1995 - - 62.1% 68.7%
1994 - - 65.3% 68.6%
1993 - - 67.9% 66.1%
1992 - - 66.5% 45.7%
1991 - - 61.2% 40.2%
1990 - - 57.5% 40.3%
1989 - - 35.8% 44.8%
1988 - - 37.9% 50.3%
1987 - - 40.9% 56%
1986 - - 42.1% 59.5%
1985 - - 47.6% 61.2%
1984 - - 46.7% 57.5%
1983 - - 48.6% 54.5%
1982 - - 46.4% 47.9%
1981 - - 46.1% 41.5%
1980 - - 41% 34.4%
1979 - - 39.9% 28.3%
1978 - - 39.1% 24%
1977 - - 35.7% 21%
1976 - - 32.3% 19%
1975 - - 30.6% 19.9%
1974 - - 30.1% 19.4%
1973 - - 31.1% 18%
1972 - - 31.9% 17.2%
1971 - - 29.8% 16.9%
1970 - - 29.5% 16.9%
1969 - - 28.7% 17.6%
1968 - - 28.3% 17.6%
1967 - - 27.7% 16.1%
1966 - - 26.5% 15.3%
1965 - - 24.6% 17%
1964 - - 23.4% 18.7%
1963 - - 24.4% 20.7%
1962 - - 23.4% 23%
1961 - - 23.7% 26%
1960 - - 24.4% 28.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/sweden | CC BY

In 2025, Guyana's government spending was $6.48B, accounting for 23.9% of its GDP, while Sweden spent $331B, or 49.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 28.6% in Guyana and 34.9% in Sweden, ranking 160/185 and 144/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Guyana

Sweden
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Guyana Sweden
2025 -5.37% -1.41%
2024 -7.27% -1.5%
2023 -5.62% -0.63%
2022 -5.1% 1%
2021 -6.94% -0.15%
2020 -7.78% -3.18%
2019 -2.52% 0.44%
2018 -2.52% 0.67%
2017 -3.14% 1.29%
2016 -3.21% 0.86%
2015 -0.75% -0.27%
2014 -3.88% -1.84%
2013 -2.16% -1.63%
2012 -3.11% -1.19%
2011 -2.13% -0.41%
2010 -1.88% -0.14%
2009 -2.5% -0.89%
2008 -2.78% 1.87%
2007 -3.35% 3.37%
2006 -6.16% 2.2%
2005 -6.54% 2.08%
2004 -2.88% 0.17%
2003 -4.81% -1.25%
2002 -2.42% -1.46%
2001 -3.71% 1.37%
2000 -2.27% 3.11%
1999 -0.47% 0.6%
1998 -2.67% 0.82%
1997 -1.7% -1.57%
1996 - -3.11%
1995 - -7.01%
1994 - -8.77%
1993 - -10.9%
1992 - -8.51%
1991 - 0.28%
1990 - 3.7%
1989 - 1.5%
1988 - -0.64%
1987 - -2%
1986 - -6.21%
1985 - -9.91%
1984 - -12.1%
1983 - -15.1%
1982 - -13.4%
1981 - -12.8%
1980 - -11.5%
1979 - -9.95%
1978 - -7.32%
1977 - -3.32%
1976 - -1.27%
1975 - -4.05%
1974 - -4.12%
1973 - -3.28%
1972 - -2.17%
1971 - -1.67%
1970 - -2.64%
1969 - -2.03%
1968 - -2.37%
1967 - -1.41%
1966 - -0.33%
1965 - -0.17%
1964 - -0.1%
1963 - 0.41%
1962 - 0.7%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.67%
1959 - -2.53%
1958 - -2.31%
1957 - -2.1%
1956 - -1.21%
1955 - -1.72%
1954 - -1.52%
1953 - -2.47%
1952 - -0.16%
1951 - -0.9%
1950 - -1.64%
1949 - -0.74%
1948 - 0.29%
1947 - -1.08%
1946 - -0.61%
1945 - -8.04%
1944 - -8.66%
1943 - -10.7%
1942 - -11.8%
1941 - -13.1%
1940 - -8.16%
1939 - -1.13%
1938 - -0.07%
1937 - 0.46%
1936 - -0.64%
1935 - -2.19%
1934 - -1.88%
1933 - -4.1%
1932 - -1.56%
1931 - -0.05%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.39%
1928 - -0.06%
1927 - -1.14%
1926 - -1.11%
1925 - -1.44%
1924 - -0.99%
1923 - -1.65%
1922 - -3.17%
1921 - -3.55%
1920 - -0.6%
1919 - 0.17%
1918 - -8.59%
1917 - -0.26%
1916 - -0.23%
1915 - -0.94%
1914 - -0.55%
1913 - -0.17%
1912 - -0.51%
1911 - -0.87%
1910 - -0.81%
1909 - -2.08%
1908 - -2.27%
1907 - -0.68%
1906 - -0.66%
1905 - -0.34%
1904 - -0.56%
1903 - 0.08%
1902 - -1.57%
1901 - -1.34%
1900 - -0.32%
1899 - 0.57%
1898 - 0.91%
1897 - 1.09%
1896 - -0.59%
1895 - 1%
1894 - 0.47%
1893 - -0.49%
1892 - -0.68%
1891 - -0.6%
1890 - 0.33%
1889 - 0.19%
1888 - -0.05%
1887 - -1.5%
1886 - -0.98%
1885 - -0.08%
1884 - 0.24%
1883 - 0.16%
1882 - 0.36%
1881 - -0.17%
1880 - -0.47%
1879 - -1.89%
1878 - -2.04%
1877 - -1.21%
1876 - -1.07%
1875 - -1.26%
1874 - -1.05%
1873 - 0.06%
1872 - -0.15%
1871 - 0.22%
1870 - -0.42%
1869 - -1.52%
1868 - -1.67%
1867 - -1.17%
1866 - -3.01%
1865 - -2.02%
1864 - -2.3%
1863 - -1.58%
1862 - -1.35%
1861 - -1.11%
1860 - -2.03%
1859 - -2.17%
1858 - -2.36%
1857 - -0.62%
1856 - -0.08%
1855 - -0.09%
1854 - -0.19%
1853 - 0.17%
1852 - -0.31%
1851 - -0.07%
1850 - 0.004%
1849 - 0.09%
1848 - 0.12%
1847 - 0.08%
1846 - 0.13%
1845 - 0.04%
1844 - 0.009%
1843 - 0.05%
1842 - -0.12%
1841 - 0.06%
1840 - -0.01%
1839 - -0.006%
1838 - 0.09%
1837 - -0.38%
1836 - -0.08%
1835 - 0.08%
1834 - -0.12%
1833 - 0.09%
1832 - 0.01%
1831 - -0.1%
1830 - -0.45%
1829 - 2.7%
1828 - 0.03%
1827 - -0.16%
1826 - 0.37%
1825 - 0.18%
1824 - -0.23%
1823 - 0.37%
1822 - -0.03%
1821 - -0.49%
1820 - 0.26%
1819 - 0.09%
1818 - 0.35%
1817 - 0.35%
1816 - 0.16%
1815 - 2.34%
1814 - -0.45%
1813 - -0.37%
1812 - 3.47%
1811 - -0.48%
1810 - -3.05%
1809 - -7.65%
1808 - -5.04%
1807 - 0.1%
1806 - 0.55%
1805 - 0.52%
1804 - -0.25%
1803 - 11.6%
1802 - 2.17%
1801 - 0.01%
1800 - -0.44%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/sweden | CC BY

In 2025, Guyana's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.46B, equivalent to 5.37% of GDP. This compares to Sweden's deficit of $9.43B, or 1.41% of GDP.

Over the past 29 years, Guyana recorded a fiscal deficit in 29 of those years, while Sweden ran a deficit in 15 years. On average, Guyana posted an annual deficit equal to 3.64% of GDP, compared to surplus of 0.08% of GDP for Sweden.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Guyana

Sweden
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Guyana Sweden
2025 3.3% 0.68%
2024 2.9% 2.84%
2023 2.8% 8.55%
2022 6.9% 8.37%
2021 4.5% 2.16%
2020 0.7% 0.5%
2019 2.1% 1.78%
2018 1.3% 1.95%
2017 1.9% 1.79%
2016 0.8% 0.98%
2015 -0.9% -0.05%
2014 0.7% -0.18%
2013 1.9% -0.04%
2012 2.4% 0.89%
2011 4.4% 2.96%
2010 4.3% 1.16%
2009 3% -0.49%
2008 8.1% 3.44%
2007 12.2% 2.21%
2006 6.7% 1.36%
2005 6.9% 0.45%
2004 4.7% 0.37%
2003 6% 1.93%
2002 5.4% 2.16%
2001 2.6% 2.41%
2000 6.1% 0.9%
1999 7.5% 0.46%
1998 4.6% -0.27%
1997 3.6% 0.66%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/sweden | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Guyana has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.05%, compared with 1.72% in Sweden. In 2025, inflation was 3.3% in Guyana and 0.68% in Sweden.

Top exports between countries

Guyana
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $218M
Machinery & equipment $94K
Textiles & consumer goods $10K
Sweden
Export category Export value
Metals $5.24M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.26M
Machinery & equipment $1.78M
Chemicals & pharma $290K
Wood & paper products $197K
Animal & marine products $143K
Raw materials & minerals $99K
Textiles & consumer goods $53K
Precious metals & jewellery $43K
Miscellaneous $9K

Balance of trade

Guyana Sweden
Current account balance
$2.35B
2023
$40.5B
2025
Current account balance ranking
42/190
2023
15/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+13.9%
2023
+6.06%
2025
Goods imports
$6B
2023
$201B
2025
Goods exports
$13.2B
2023
$233B
2025
Service imports
$4.95B
2023
$144B
2025
Service exports
$529M
2023
$132B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
109.7%
2005
51.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
84.6%
2005
53.2%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Guyana Sweden
Economic freedom 58.7 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 109/197 14/197
Property rights 46.7 96.2
Government integrity 38.8 91.6
Judicial effectiveness 48.6 95.6
Tax burden 76.4 51.6
Government spending 85 28.4
Fiscal health 39.9 97.5
Business freedom 70.9 84.8
Labor freedom 76 65.8
Monetary freedom 78.5 78.1
Trade freedom 59.2 79.4
Investment freedom 55 85
Financial freedom 30 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Guyana
Sweden
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Guyana Sweden
2026 58.7 77.8
2025 58.2 77.9
2024 57.3 77.5
2023 56.9 77.5
2022 59.5 77.9
2021 57.4 74.7
2020 56.2 74.9
2019 56.8 75.2
2018 58.7 76.3
2017 58.5 74.9
2016 55.4 72
2015 55.5 72.7
2014 55.7 73.1
2013 53.8 72.9
2012 51.3 71.7
2011 49.4 71.9
2010 48.4 72.4
2009 48.4 70.5
2008 48.8 70.8
2007 53.7 69.3
2006 56.6 70.9
2005 56.5 69.8
2004 53 70.1
2003 50.3 70
2002 54.3 70.8
2001 53.3 66.6
2000 52.4 65.1
1999 53.3 64.2
1998 52.7 64
1997 53.2 63.3
1996 50.1 61.8
1995 45.7 61.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/sweden | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Guyana is 58.7, ranking 109/197, compared to 77.8 for Sweden, ranking 14/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Guyana Sweden
Services, % of GDP
14.8%
2025
67%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
75.1%
2025
21%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
7.73%
2025
1.5%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$23.8B
2025
$668B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$80,300
2025
$76,090
2025
Total reserves including gold
$1.36B
2025
$74.2B
2025
Total reserves ranking
136/177
2025
36/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$1.14B
2023
-$11.1B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$8.63B
2024
$30.7B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$5.7M
2024
$29.7B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
2.84%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
35%
2020
16.1%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
32.3%
2005
25.5%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/sweden | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.