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Economy of Guyana vs Japan compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Guyana has a GDP of $27.1B compared to $4.44T for Japan, ranking 120/197 and 4/197 by economy size, respectively.

Guyana has $7.74B in government debt (28.6% of GDP), compared to $9.16T (206.5% of GDP) in Japan.

Guyana vs Japan GDP by year

Guyana
Japan
1x
Year GDP, current $
Guyana Japan
2025 $27,097,477,218 $4,435,162,999,977
2024 $24,662,714,628 $4,190,008,188,359
2023 $16,918,503,597 $4,384,854,269,962
2022 $14,718,388,489 $4,447,976,207,315
2021 $8,041,362,110 $5,225,933,520,753
2020 $5,471,256,595 $5,189,197,543,645
2019 $5,173,760,192 $5,245,755,000,479
2018 $4,787,636,998 $5,154,293,721,630
2017 $4,748,174,334 $5,038,231,631,661
2016 $4,482,697,337 $5,110,357,383,254
2015 $4,279,840,194 $4,534,438,580,495
2014 $4,127,660,152 $4,985,763,289,561
2013 $4,167,800,929 $5,272,297,037,397
2012 $4,063,088,536 $6,333,803,928,788
2011 $3,691,384,318 $6,279,422,550,219
2010 $3,432,912,517 $5,811,578,109,447
2009 $3,165,663,153 $5,336,765,697,589
2008 $3,025,187,433 $5,160,197,175,876
2007 $2,730,971,595 $4,624,670,179,655
2006 $2,379,817,991 $4,648,058,930,707
2005 $824,880,550 $4,875,648,486,366
2004 $787,814,379 $4,941,485,123,807
2003 $743,063,950 $4,573,413,206,709
2002 $726,131,435 $4,245,946,980,572
2001 $712,167,450 $4,438,792,748,062
2000 $712,667,897 $5,042,381,838,343
1999 $694,754,988 $4,688,983,449,627
1998 $717,530,683 $4,150,359,076,370
1997 $749,138,010 $4,579,780,793,432
1996 $705,406,001 $5,021,441,618,840
1995 $621,626,786 $5,639,649,753,986
1994 $545,278,380 $5,104,063,486,348
1993 $454,101,382 $4,632,480,515,091
1992 $373,573,141 $4,064,529,567,505
1991 $348,533,095 $3,724,887,648,862
1990 $396,582,263 $3,252,994,239,867
1989 $379,779,390 $3,174,934,735,896
1988 $413,799,990 $3,191,546,727,316
1987 $354,591,847 $2,635,094,473,494
1986 $504,651,140 $2,164,729,071,349
1985 $453,488,372 $1,457,070,301,468
1984 $437,631,605 $1,374,165,212,365
1983 $489,333,333 $1,297,622,008,229
1982 $482,000,000 $1,183,132,285,328
1981 $570,357,107 $1,271,443,597,067
1980 $603,200,000 $1,153,159,955,513
1979 $530,440,000 $1,100,608,979,757
1978 $507,080,000 $1,057,419,758,047
1977 $449,880,000 $752,590,681,822
1976 $454,440,000 $611,495,350,304
1975 $494,791,667 $544,082,569,364
1974 $433,954,545 $500,355,087,138
1973 $307,047,619 $450,756,970,744
1972 $285,380,952 $331,776,379,992
1971 $282,050,000 $250,530,994,765
1970 $267,800,000 $221,798,003,144
1969 $249,300,000 $188,179,852,753
1968 $229,750,000 $160,201,483,788
1967 $250,176,471 $135,265,319,098
1966 $228,705,882 $115,427,351,851
1965 $213,235,294 $99,387,878,008
1964 $194,774,513 $89,332,989,729
1963 $175,757,894 $75,945,582,324
1962 $194,949,513 $66,356,388,224
1961 $185,849,535 $58,472,696,006
1960 $170,216,241 $48,417,804,545

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/japan | CC BY

GDP per capita in Guyana vs Japan by year

Guyana
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Japan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Guyana Japan
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $32,414 - $35,951 -
2024 $29,675 $80,155 $33,797 $52,039
2023 $20,474 $54,729 $35,215 $50,662
2022 $17,913 $39,711 $35,548 $47,192
2021 $9,861 $22,866 $41,581 $44,355
2020 $6,776 $16,819 $41,099 $42,426
2019 $6,406 $13,241 $41,425 $42,678
2018 $6,048 $12,443 $40,645 $42,142
2017 $6,179 $12,243 $39,680 $41,444
2016 $5,871 $11,516 $40,215 $40,597
2015 $5,640 $11,408 $35,665 $40,899
2014 $5,473 $11,145 $39,173 $39,555
2013 $5,557 $11,200 $41,369 $39,402
2012 $5,444 $10,627 $49,627 $37,606
2011 $4,947 $10,066 $49,122 $36,214
2010 $4,582 $9,337 $45,378 $35,336
2009 $4,209 $8,824 $41,678 $33,543
2008 $4,009 $8,437 $40,294 $35,274
2007 $3,608 $8,110 $36,130 $35,015
2006 $3,136 $7,346 $36,354 $33,632
2005 $1,084 $6,761 $38,159 $32,170
2004 $1,033 $6,673 $38,678 $30,832
2003 $974 $6,392 $35,809 $29,392
2002 $951 $6,304 $33,316 $28,624
2001 $932 $6,131 $34,910 $27,943
2000 $932 $5,860 $39,753 $27,288
1999 $909 $5,812 $37,029 $25,736
1998 $940 $5,573 $32,835 $25,508
1997 $983 $5,615 $36,331 $25,619
1996 $928 $5,210 $39,930 $24,999
1995 $820 $4,753 $44,947 $23,858
1994 $721 $4,447 $40,774 $22,823
1993 $603 $4,027 $37,111 $22,168
1992 $498 $3,651 $32,667 $21,825
1991 $466 $3,322 $30,048 $21,227
1990 $529 $3,022 $26,345 $19,912
1989 $503 - $25,798 -
1988 $545 - $26,037 -
1987 $464 - $21,587 -
1986 $657 - $17,819 -
1985 $588 - $12,058 -
1984 $565 - $11,443 -
1983 $631 - $10,876 -
1982 $621 - $9,986 -
1981 $735 - $10,806 -
1980 $779 - $9,872 -
1979 $689 - $9,497 -
1978 $663 - $9,202 -
1977 $593 - $6,609 -
1976 $604 - $5,422 -
1975 $664 - $4,876 -
1974 $588 - $4,542 -
1973 $421 - $4,147 -
1972 $395 - $3,095 -
1971 $396 - $2,370 -
1970 $381 - $2,145 -
1969 $361 - $1,841 -
1968 $340 - $1,586 -
1967 $378 - $1,354 -
1966 $353 - $1,168 -
1965 $336 - $1,015 -
1964 $313 - $922 -
1963 $288.8 - $792 -
1962 $327 - $699 -
1961 $319 - $622 -
1960 $299.1 - $519 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/japan | CC BY

Guyana's GDP per capita is $32,414, ranking 40/197, compared to $35,951 in Japan, ranking 34/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Guyana ranks 15th at $80,155, while Japan ranks 41st at $52,039.

Economic indicators

Guyana Japan
Gross domestic product
$27.1B
2025
$4.44T
2025
GDP rank
120/197
2025
4/197
2025
GDP growth
19.3%
2024-2025
1.19%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$32,414
2025
$35,951
2025
GDP per capita rank
40/197
2025
34/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$80,155
2024
$52,039
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
15/197
2024
41/197
2024
Government debt
$7.74B
2025
$9.16T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
28.6%
2025
206.5%
2025
Government debt per person
$9,255
2025
$74,248
2025
Government debt per person rank
63/185
2025
3/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$13,307
2026
$22,962
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$7.61T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
2,902,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
41
2026
Income share by richest 10%
34.4%
1998
24.3%
2020
Income share by poorest 10%
1.1%
1998
2.3%
2020
Government expenditure, % of GDP
23.9%
2025
36.9%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.3%
2024-2025
3.17%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
0.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
14.7%
2021
2.5%
2025
Population
843423
122704252

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Guyana
Spending

Debt
Japan
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Guyana Japan
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 23.9% 28.6% 36.9% 206.5%
2024 23.3% 24.3% 37.3% 214.5%
2023 23.7% 26.7% 37.8% 220.3%
2022 20.4% 24.8% 40.2% 227.8%
2021 24.8% 38.9% 41.3% 222.7%
2020 30.5% 47.4% 43.6% 228.8%
2019 28.1% 34.2% 36.4% 206.3%
2018 27.6% 37.4% 36% 203.7%
2017 26.3% 35.2% 35.9% 203.1%
2016 25.2% 35.7% 36.5% 202.1%
2015 21.7% 42.2% 36.6% 200.1%
2014 23.1% 38.7% 37.8% 203.6%
2013 21.4% 41.4% 38.4% 201.2%
2012 21.8% 44.7% 38.4% 197.1%
2011 23.5% 51.7% 38.4% 190.6%
2010 23.9% 53.1% 37.4% 178.6%
2009 25.4% 52.3% 38.3% 172.9%
2008 24.1% 48.2% 33.7% 153.6%
2007 25.5% 47.7% 32.8% 150.4%
2006 29% 74.5% 32.7% 152.1%
2005 28.4% 90.7% 33.2% 153.4%
2004 23.7% 91.8% 33.3% 148.8%
2003 23.5% 95.6% 34.6% 140.2%
2002 23.1% 105.1% 34.9% 134.6%
2001 24% 104.6% 34.7% 126.8%
2000 22.9% 97.2% 35.4% 118.5%
1999 17.6% 97.1% 35.2% 113.5%
1998 19.7% 108% 38.1% 101.6%
1997 20.9% 101.3% 32.4% 91.3%
1996 - - 33.1% 85.3%
1995 - - 32.8% 80.7%
1994 - - 32.1% 73.3%
1993 - - 31.4% 63.2%
1992 - - 29.6% 57.9%
1991 - - 28.6% 54.1%
1990 - - 28.8% 54.8%
1989 - - 29.2% 65.7%
1988 - - 29.9% 71.9%
1987 - - 30.6% 75.8%
1986 - - 30.4% 74.1%
1985 - - 30.4% 68.3%
1984 - - 31.2% 65.6%
1983 - - 31.8% 63.5%
1982 - - 31.7% 57.7%
1981 - - 31.5% 52.8%
1980 - - 33.5% 47.8%
1979 - - 33.2% 43.8%
1978 - - 32.1% 39%
1977 - - 30.4% 31.1%
1976 - - 29.1% 26.1%
1975 - - 28.5% 20.9%
1974 - - 25.5% 16.7%
1973 - - 23.3% 15.9%
1972 - - 23.1% 16.3%
1971 - - 21.8% 12.6%
1970 - - 20.2% 11.2%
1969 - - 19.8% 11.4%
1968 - - 20.1% 11.8%
1967 - - 19.9% 11.4%
1966 - - 20.8% 11.2%
1965 - - 20.4% 9.78%
1964 - - 19.8% 8.53%
1963 - - 20% 8.66%
1962 - - 19.4% 9.01%
1961 - - 18.2% 8.44%
1960 - - 18.4% 10.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/japan | CC BY

In 2025, Guyana's government spending was $6.48B, accounting for 23.9% of its GDP, while Japan spent $1.63T, or 36.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 28.6% in Guyana and 206.5% in Japan, ranking 160/185 and 3/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Guyana

Japan
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Guyana Japan
2025 -5.37% -1.05%
2024 -7.27% -1.67%
2023 -5.62% -2.39%
2022 -5.1% -4.23%
2021 -6.94% -6.32%
2020 -7.78% -9.04%
2019 -2.52% -3.05%
2018 -2.52% -2.44%
2017 -3.14% -3.05%
2016 -3.21% -3.58%
2015 -0.75% -3.64%
2014 -3.88% -5.58%
2013 -2.16% -7.62%
2012 -3.11% -8.22%
2011 -2.13% -9.02%
2010 -1.88% -9.05%
2009 -2.5% -9.62%
2008 -2.78% -4.07%
2007 -3.35% -2.86%
2006 -6.16% -3%
2005 -6.54% -4.39%
2004 -2.88% -5.26%
2003 -4.81% -7.35%
2002 -2.42% -7.22%
2001 -3.71% -6.11%
2000 -2.27% -7.17%
1999 -0.47% -6.68%
1998 -2.67% -9.91%
1997 -1.7% -3.44%
1996 - -4.75%
1995 - -4.22%
1994 - -3.7%
1993 - -2.34%
1992 - 0.56%
1991 - 1.64%
1990 - 1.91%
1989 - 1.23%
1988 - 0.49%
1987 - -0.36%
1986 - -1.36%
1985 - -1.37%
1984 - -2.62%
1983 - -3.95%
1982 - -3.81%
1981 - -3.85%
1980 - -4.66%
1979 - -5%
1978 - -5.79%
1977 - -4.02%
1976 - -3.89%
1975 - -2.92%
1974 - 0.38%
1973 - 0.56%
1972 - -0.13%
1971 - 1.21%
1970 - 1.74%
1969 - 1.26%
1968 - 0.88%
1967 - 0.8%
1966 - -0.34%
1965 - 0.48%
1964 - 0.85%
1963 - 1.08%
1962 - 1.49%
1961 - 2.58%
1960 - 1.85%
1959 - 0.97%
1958 - -0.1%
1957 - 1.27%
1956 - 1.39%
1955 - -0.67%
1954 - 0.7%
1953 - 1.65%
1952 - 2.22%
1951 - 5.06%
1950 - 6.99%
1949 - 12.5%
1948 - 7.53%
1947 - 6.09%
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - 0.32%
1942 - -0.13%
1941 - -0.19%
1940 - 0.31%
1939 - 0.11%
1938 - 0.45%
1937 - 0.71%
1936 - 0.34%
1935 - 0.26%
1934 - 0.34%
1933 - 0.28%
1932 - 0.31%
1931 - 0.23%
1930 - 0.19%
1929 - 0.5%
1928 - 0.42%
1927 - 0.58%
1926 - 0.65%
1925 - 0.75%
1924 - 0.84%
1923 - 0.87%
1922 - 0.89%
1921 - 1.43%
1920 - 1.19%
1919 - 1.21%
1918 - 1.58%
1917 - 1.54%
1916 - 1.37%
1915 - 1.41%
1914 - 1.31%
1913 - 1.21%
1912 - 1.27%
1911 - 1.21%
1910 - 1.57%
1909 - 1.51%
1908 - 1.63%
1907 - 1.77%
1906 - 0.46%
1905 - -0.68%
1904 - -0.81%
1903 - 0.19%
1902 - 0.44%
1901 - 0.21%
1900 - 0.53%
1899 - 0.2%
1898 - 0.6%
1897 - 0.33%
1896 - 0.88%
1895 - 0.28%
1894 - -0.24%
1893 - 0.6%
1892 - 0.63%
1891 - 0.61%
1890 - 0.74%
1889 - 0.18%
1888 - 0.13%
1887 - 0.11%
1886 - 0.03%
1885 - 0.01%
1884 - 0.001%
1883 - 0.03%
1882 - 0.001%
1881 - 0.001%
1880 - 0.004%
1879 - 0.02%
1878 - 0.02%
1877 - -0.29%
1876 - -0.42%
1875 - 0.005%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1875–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/japan | CC BY

In 2025, Guyana's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.46B, equivalent to 5.37% of GDP. This compares to Japan's deficit of $46.7B, or 1.05% of GDP.

Over the past 29 years, Guyana recorded a fiscal deficit in 29 of those years, while Japan ran a deficit in 29 years. On average, Guyana posted an annual deficit equal to 3.64% of GDP, compared to deficit of 5.41% of GDP for Japan.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Guyana

Japan
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Guyana Japan
2025 3.3% 3.17%
2024 2.9% 2.74%
2023 2.8% 3.27%
2022 6.9% 2.5%
2021 4.5% -0.23%
2020 0.7% -0.02%
2019 2.1% 0.47%
2018 1.3% 0.99%
2017 1.9% 0.48%
2016 0.8% -0.13%
2015 -0.9% 0.8%
2014 0.7% 2.76%
2013 1.9% 0.34%
2012 2.4% -0.04%
2011 4.4% -0.27%
2010 4.3% -0.73%
2009 3% -1.35%
2008 8.1% 1.38%
2007 12.2% 0.06%
2006 6.7% 0.25%
2005 6.9% -0.28%
2004 4.7% -0.009%
2003 6% -0.26%
2002 5.4% -0.92%
2001 2.6% -0.74%
2000 6.1% -0.68%
1999 7.5% -0.34%
1998 4.6% 0.66%
1997 3.6% 1.75%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/japan | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Guyana has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.05%, compared with 0.54% in Japan. In 2025, inflation was 3.3% in Guyana and 3.17% in Japan.

Top exports between countries

Guyana
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $2.01M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $88K
Machinery & equipment $57K
Textiles & consumer goods $17K
Wood & paper products $11K
Animal & marine products $6K
Japan
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $219M
Miscellaneous $9.17M
Raw materials & minerals $1.48M
Chemicals & pharma $164K
Textiles & consumer goods $78K
Metals $46K
Raw agricultural goods $7K
Wood & paper products $4K

Balance of trade

Guyana Japan
Current account balance
$2.35B
2023
$216B
2025
Current account balance ranking
42/190
2023
3/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+13.9%
2023
+4.86%
2025
Goods imports
$6B
2023
$729B
2025
Goods exports
$13.2B
2023
$725B
2025
Service imports
$4.95B
2023
$269B
2025
Service exports
$529M
2023
$246B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
109.7%
2005
22.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
84.6%
2005
22%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Guyana Japan
Economic freedom 58.7 70.3
Economic freedom ranking 109/197 36/197
Property rights 46.7 94.2
Government integrity 38.8 81.1
Judicial effectiveness 48.6 97.9
Tax burden 76.4 63
Government spending 85 52
Fiscal health 39.9 41.7
Business freedom 70.9 77.8
Labor freedom 76 65.9
Monetary freedom 78.5 74.3
Trade freedom 59.2 76.2
Investment freedom 55 60
Financial freedom 30 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Guyana
Japan
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Guyana Japan
2026 58.7 70.3
2025 58.2 70.2
2024 57.3 67.5
2023 56.9 69.3
2022 59.5 69.9
2021 57.4 74.1
2020 56.2 73.3
2019 56.8 72.1
2018 58.7 72.3
2017 58.5 69.6
2016 55.4 73.1
2015 55.5 73.3
2014 55.7 72.4
2013 53.8 71.8
2012 51.3 71.6
2011 49.4 72.8
2010 48.4 72.9
2009 48.4 72.8
2008 48.8 73
2007 53.7 72.7
2006 56.6 73.3
2005 56.5 67.3
2004 53 64.3
2003 50.3 67.6
2002 54.3 66.7
2001 53.3 70.9
2000 52.4 70.7
1999 53.3 69.1
1998 52.7 70.2
1997 53.2 70.3
1996 50.1 72.6
1995 45.7 75

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/japan | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Guyana is 58.7, ranking 109/197, compared to 70.3 for Japan, ranking 36/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Guyana Japan
Services, % of GDP
14.8%
2025
71.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
75.1%
2025
26.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
7.73%
2025
0.96%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$23.8B
2025
$4.73T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$80,300
2025
$58,920
2025
Total reserves including gold
$1.36B
2025
$1.37T
2025
Total reserves ranking
136/177
2025
3/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$1.14B
2023
$172B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$8.63B
2024
$18.9B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$5.7M
2024
$207B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
2.84%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
35%
2020
16.1%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
32.3%
2005
27.7%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/japan | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1875–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.