China has a GDP of $18.7T compared to $86.5B for Panama, ranking 2/197 and 78/197 by economy size, respectively.
China has $16.6T in government debt (102.3% of GDP), compared to $49B (58.3% of GDP) in Panama.
The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.
| Year | GDP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
China
|
Panama
|
|||
| Current $ | Constant $ | Current $ | Constant $ | |
| 1960 | $59,846,235,025 | $161,023,131,028 | $537,147,100 | $2,863,868,498 |
| 1961 | $50,162,299,350 | $117,112,123,191 | $599,026,300 | $3,176,791,805 |
| 1962 | $47,310,737,754 | $110,577,266,728 | $652,120,900 | $3,438,709,929 |
| 1963 | $50,812,227,919 | $121,966,725,197 | $722,784,500 | $3,732,334,107 |
| 1964 | $59,821,862,703 | $144,140,275,830 | $776,137,500 | $3,897,756,020 |
| 1965 | $70,565,994,356 | $168,572,052,589 | $852,485,300 | $4,254,791,885 |
| 1966 | $76,854,053,259 | $186,524,976,187 | $928,833,000 | $4,577,364,757 |
| 1967 | $73,011,350,596 | $175,762,485,054 | $1,034,376,400 | $4,968,863,615 |
| 1968 | $70,980,323,819 | $168,556,223,190 | $1,112,791,100 | $5,315,560,540 |
| 1969 | $79,847,786,729 | $197,109,647,392 | $1,221,305,700 | $5,764,267,691 |
| 1970 | $92,752,930,873 | $235,151,809,332 | $1,351,006,400 | $6,165,416,113 |
| 1971 | $99,959,013,880 | $251,753,527,067 | $1,523,917,200 | $6,758,291,009 |
| 1972 | $113,871,930,714 | $261,345,336,449 | $1,673,411,700 | $7,068,010,814 |
| 1973 | $138,764,340,892 | $281,625,734,560 | $1,913,793,400 | $7,447,160,841 |
| 1974 | $144,418,433,058 | $288,131,289,037 | $2,188,307,600 | $7,629,491,136 |
| 1975 | $163,687,619,736 | $313,256,337,433 | $2,435,304,100 | $7,762,314,431 |
| 1976 | $154,196,810,059 | $308,338,212,930 | $2,588,106,000 | $7,891,515,155 |
| 1977 | $175,226,595,860 | $331,679,415,654 | $2,738,261,900 | $7,977,850,374 |
| 1978 | $149,788,617,886 | $369,245,353,261 | $3,244,558,600 | $8,759,092,854 |
| 1979 | $178,573,913,043 | $397,275,966,893 | $3,704,551,600 | $9,154,544,093 |
| 1980 | $191,487,500,000 | $428,399,142,253 | $4,614,086,400 | $10,352,368,742 |
| 1981 | $196,218,253,968 | $450,302,166,910 | $5,222,421,500 | $11,305,491,606 |
| 1982 | $205,480,916,031 | $491,096,319,837 | $5,769,767,900 | $11,910,160,900 |
| 1983 | $231,130,268,199 | $543,778,042,482 | $5,923,755,900 | $11,375,232,179 |
| 1984 | $260,442,857,143 | $626,609,364,484 | $6,183,387,100 | $11,683,441,112 |
| 1985 | $310,064,625,850 | $710,797,305,027 | $6,541,517,100 | $12,260,864,070 |
| 1986 | $301,310,144,928 | $774,307,505,788 | $6,797,834,200 | $12,698,305,735 |
| 1987 | $273,455,156,951 | $864,345,705,903 | $6,827,665,300 | $12,468,586,339 |
| 1988 | $312,888,888,889 | $961,347,723,725 | $5,902,783,400 | $10,800,308,965 |
| 1989 | $348,380,566,802 | $1,001,785,223,304 | $5,918,469,800 | $10,969,036,469 |
| 1990 | $361,560,229,446 | $1,041,271,896,196 | $6,433,967,000 | $11,857,417,965 |
| 1991 | $384,510,452,962 | $1,138,752,669,459 | $7,074,675,500 | $12,974,268,848 |
| 1992 | $428,502,354,788 | $1,301,589,870,245 | $8,042,337,700 | $14,038,376,882 |
| 1993 | $446,557,291,212 | $1,482,889,338,699 | $8,782,585,400 | $14,804,274,837 |
| 1994 | $566,929,539,493 | $1,676,743,149,158 | $9,365,289,800 | $15,226,218,447 |
| 1995 | $738,190,896,228 | $1,861,735,071,148 | $9,573,813,700 | $15,492,932,886 |
| 1996 | $868,523,936,530 | $2,047,465,483,837 | $9,197,503,323 | $16,124,998,498 |
| 1997 | $967,753,570,435 | $2,237,626,840,760 | $10,058,854,386 | $17,368,081,091 |
| 1998 | $1,037,134,141,760 | $2,414,864,610,328 | $11,019,557,689 | $18,824,824,035 |
| 1999 | $1,103,843,203,576 | $2,601,702,759,079 | $11,660,704,777 | $19,805,907,204 |
| 2000 | $1,223,754,919,971 | $2,825,096,197,800 | $11,966,497,049 | $20,639,538,974 |
| 2001 | $1,355,036,590,252 | $3,059,936,242,479 | $12,252,906,341 | $20,835,595,580 |
| 2002 | $1,489,821,682,051 | $3,342,778,183,071 | $12,800,851,271 | $21,358,328,188 |
| 2003 | $1,683,903,309,844 | $3,681,006,926,651 | $13,603,456,003 | $22,446,932,303 |
| 2004 | $1,984,196,551,300 | $4,053,944,733,454 | $15,100,203,362 | $24,282,115,712 |
| 2005 | $2,317,551,298,052 | $4,518,455,387,849 | $16,623,906,739 | $26,291,748,099 |
| 2006 | $2,791,498,472,804 | $5,091,154,930,758 | $18,659,721,513 | $28,883,388,478 |
| 2007 | $3,604,055,822,572 | $5,811,552,614,974 | $21,717,433,808 | $32,682,439,429 |
| 2008 | $4,667,346,414,522 | $6,373,544,042,638 | $25,721,327,955 | $36,015,209,145 |
| 2009 | $5,189,577,094,998 | $6,972,829,250,985 | $27,791,215,547 | $36,595,725,400 |
| 2010 | $6,192,564,874,453 | $7,711,689,202,853 | $30,231,009,533 | $38,818,327,774 |
| 2011 | $7,671,757,207,851 | $8,441,318,020,902 | $35,687,738,252 | $43,441,154,769 |
| 2012 | $8,673,664,713,189 | $9,104,482,675,356 | $41,595,439,721 | $47,623,362,260 |
| 2013 | $9,743,124,247,267 | $9,812,695,262,901 | $46,949,496,479 | $50,635,232,150 |
| 2014 | $10,674,533,168,257 | $10,544,908,798,424 | $51,427,104,882 | $52,977,523,730 |
| 2015 | $11,280,814,787,469 | $11,280,814,787,469 | $55,767,806,073 | $55,767,806,073 |
| 2016 | $11,456,024,084,962 | $12,045,152,668,727 | $59,760,858,718 | $58,317,491,743 |
| 2017 | $12,537,559,062,283 | $12,875,216,222,853 | $64,327,688,826 | $61,667,283,150 |
| 2018 | $14,147,765,772,964 | $13,745,158,275,137 | $67,316,471,181 | $64,083,529,457 |
| 2019 | $14,560,167,101,283 | $14,579,283,528,148 | $69,778,991,193 | $66,072,084,910 |
| 2020 | $14,996,414,166,715 | $14,920,466,234,565 | $57,059,846,522 | $54,297,226,728 |
| 2021 | $18,201,698,719,564 | $16,199,162,892,909 | $67,396,392,506 | $63,238,418,849 |
| 2022 | $18,316,765,021,690 | $16,706,875,253,649 | $76,479,304,471 | $70,219,021,769 |
| 2023 | $18,270,356,654,533 | $17,611,526,369,127 | $83,812,155,244 | $75,251,148,213 |
| 2024 | $18,743,803,170,827 | $18,488,114,837,769 | $86,523,959,132 | $77,318,963,570 |
Economic indicators
|
China
|
Panama
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$18.7T
2024 |
$86.5B
2024 |
| GDP rank |
2/197
2024 |
78/197
2024 |
| GDP growth |
2.59%
2023-2024 |
3.24%
2023-2024 |
| GDP per capita |
$13,303
2024 |
$19,161
2024 |
| GDP per capita rank |
76/197
2024 |
60/197
2024 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$27,105
2024 |
$41,369
2024 |
| Government debt |
$16.6T
2024 |
$49B
2024 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
102.3%
2026 |
58.3%
2026 |
| Government debt per person |
$11,750
2024 |
$10,849
2024 |
| Government debt per person rank |
47/185
2024 |
54/185
2024 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$9,060
2026 |
$10,503
2026 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$11.8T
2024 |
$18.3B
2024 |
| Number of millionaires |
6,013,282
2024 |
n/a |
| Number of billionaires |
450
2025 |
n/a |
| Income share by richest 10% |
28.4%
2022 |
37.6%
2024 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
3.1%
2022 |
1.2%
2024 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
33.8%
2026 |
21.6%
2026 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
0.7%
2025-2026 |
0.69%
2023-2024 |
| Central bank interest rate |
3.1%
2024 |
n/a |
| Unemployment rate |
5.11%
2021 |
8.61%
2024 |
| Population |
1402614510
|
4626304
|
GDP per capita in China vs Panama
China's GDP per capita is $13,303, ranking 76/197, compared to $19,161 in Panama, ranking 60/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), China ranks 77th at $27,105, while Panama ranks 56th at $41,369.
| Year | Current $ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
China
|
Panama
|
|||
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 1960 | $89.7 | - | $477 | - |
| 1961 | $76 | - | $516 | - |
| 1962 | $71.1 | - | $546 | - |
| 1963 | $74.5 | - | $587 | - |
| 1964 | $85.7 | - | $611 | - |
| 1965 | $98.7 | - | $651 | - |
| 1966 | $104.5 | - | $689 | - |
| 1967 | $96.8 | - | $745 | - |
| 1968 | $91.6 | - | $778 | - |
| 1969 | $100.3 | - | $830 | - |
| 1970 | $113.3 | - | $893 | - |
| 1971 | $118.8 | - | $979 | - |
| 1972 | $132.1 | - | $1,046 | - |
| 1973 | $157.3 | - | $1,164 | - |
| 1974 | $160.4 | - | $1,296 | - |
| 1975 | $178.6 | - | $1,406 | - |
| 1976 | $165.7 | - | $1,457 | - |
| 1977 | $185.7 | - | $1,503 | - |
| 1978 | $156.7 | - | $1,738 | - |
| 1979 | $184.3 | - | $1,938 | - |
| 1980 | $195.1 | - | $2,357 | - |
| 1981 | $197.4 | - | $2,605 | - |
| 1982 | $203.7 | - | $2,811 | - |
| 1983 | $225.9 | - | $2,819 | - |
| 1984 | $251.2 | - | $2,875 | - |
| 1985 | $295 | - | $2,972 | - |
| 1986 | $282.4 | - | $3,019 | - |
| 1987 | $252.3 | - | $2,966 | - |
| 1988 | $284 | - | $2,509 | - |
| 1989 | $311 | - | $2,462 | - |
| 1990 | $319 | $991 | $2,620 | $4,651 |
| 1991 | $334 | $1,105 | $2,821 | $5,150 |
| 1992 | $368 | $1,276 | $3,140 | $5,582 |
| 1993 | $379 | $1,471 | $3,358 | $5,902 |
| 1994 | $476 | $1,680 | $3,508 | $6,073 |
| 1995 | $613 | $1,884 | $3,514 | $6,182 |
| 1996 | $713 | $2,088 | $3,308 | $6,421 |
| 1997 | $787 | $2,297 | $3,546 | $6,895 |
| 1998 | $835 | $2,483 | $3,808 | $7,408 |
| 1999 | $881 | $2,690 | $3,950 | $7,749 |
| 2000 | $969 | $2,964 | $3,975 | $8,097 |
| 2001 | $1,065 | $3,258 | $3,992 | $8,197 |
| 2002 | $1,164 | $3,591 | $4,091 | $8,370 |
| 2003 | $1,307 | $4,007 | $4,265 | $8,801 |
| 2004 | $1,531 | $4,505 | $4,645 | $9,592 |
| 2005 | $1,778 | $5,148 | $5,018 | $10,511 |
| 2006 | $2,129 | $5,946 | $5,529 | $11,685 |
| 2007 | $2,735 | $6,935 | $6,318 | $13,333 |
| 2008 | $3,523 | $7,713 | $7,348 | $14,705 |
| 2009 | $3,898 | $8,448 | $7,797 | $14,766 |
| 2010 | $4,629 | $9,411 | $8,331 | $15,573 |
| 2011 | $5,704 | $10,457 | $9,662 | $17,474 |
| 2012 | $6,405 | $11,420 | $11,065 | $19,473 |
| 2013 | $7,147 | $12,228 | $12,273 | $21,924 |
| 2014 | $7,781 | $12,942 | $13,213 | $24,376 |
| 2015 | $8,175 | $13,463 | $14,083 | $27,245 |
| 2016 | $8,255 | $14,157 | $14,832 | $30,277 |
| 2017 | $8,980 | $15,022 | $15,695 | $33,533 |
| 2018 | $10,086 | $16,298 | $16,151 | $32,464 |
| 2019 | $10,343 | $17,601 | $16,478 | $33,240 |
| 2020 | $10,627 | $18,267 | $13,291 | $27,017 |
| 2021 | $12,887 | $20,843 | $15,510 | $30,933 |
| 2022 | $12,971 | $23,032 | $17,379 | $36,333 |
| 2023 | $12,951 | $25,179 | $18,797 | $39,813 |
| 2024 | $13,303 | $27,105 | $19,161 | $41,369 |
Spending and national debt comparison
In 2024, China's government spending was $6.18T, accounting for 33.8% of its GDP, while Panama's spent $19.8B, or 21.6% of GDP.
Debt-to-GDP ratio is 102.3% in China and 58.3% in Panama, ranking 22/185 and 85/185, respectively.
| Year | % of GDP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
China
|
Panama
|
|||
| Government spending | Government debt | Government spending | Government debt | |
| 1960 | - | - | 16.6% | 21% |
| 1961 | - | - | 18.9% | 20.5% |
| 1962 | - | - | 16.4% | 19.8% |
| 1963 | - | - | 19.1% | 22.6% |
| 1964 | - | - | 14.1% | 20% |
| 1965 | - | - | 13.2% | 18.7% |
| 1966 | - | - | 14% | 17.9% |
| 1967 | - | - | 14.9% | 17.8% |
| 1968 | - | - | 14.2% | 18% |
| 1969 | - | - | 20.5% | 23.2% |
| 1970 | - | - | 22.4% | 25.7% |
| 1971 | - | - | 15% | 26.2% |
| 1972 | - | - | 15.6% | 29.5% |
| 1973 | - | - | 14.4% | 32.6% |
| 1974 | - | - | 15.3% | 37.6% |
| 1975 | - | - | 15.3% | 52.6% |
| 1976 | - | - | 15.9% | 69.7% |
| 1977 | - | - | 16.9% | 77.7% |
| 1978 | - | - | 27.6% | 83.1% |
| 1979 | - | - | 35% | 78.9% |
| 1980 | - | - | 30.5% | 69.4% |
| 1981 | - | - | 30.7% | 68.7% |
| 1982 | 27.9% | - | 48% | 80.9% |
| 1983 | 28.3% | - | 44.6% | 86.6% |
| 1984 | 26.9% | 0.97% | 44% | 82.5% |
| 1985 | 25.8% | 3.31% | 39.7% | 82.5% |
| 1986 | 25.6% | 3.24% | 38.6% | 84% |
| 1987 | 23.4% | 3.6% | 40.1% | 92.2% |
| 1988 | 20.9% | 4.46% | 41.8% | 105% |
| 1989 | 18.6% | - | 43% | 104.4% |
| 1990 | 18.2% | - | 41.5% | 112.7% |
| 1991 | 16.5% | - | 20.9% | 103.7% |
| 1992 | 14.6% | - | 27.8% | 91.2% |
| 1993 | 13.4% | - | 33.8% | 83.6% |
| 1994 | 12.4% | - | 25.2% | 78.4% |
| 1995 | 11.1% | 21.4% | 25.9% | 76.7% |
| 1996 | 11% | 21.2% | 21.5% | 65% |
| 1997 | 11.5% | 20.4% | 22.2% | 60.2% |
| 1998 | 12.6% | 20.4% | 23.4% | 58.1% |
| 1999 | 14.9% | 21.6% | 23% | 55.1% |
| 2000 | 16.1% | 22.7% | 22.8% | 53.6% |
| 2001 | 17.2% | 24.3% | 23.4% | 57.8% |
| 2002 | 18.2% | 25.6% | 23.5% | 57% |
| 2003 | 18% | 26.4% | 24.2% | 56.5% |
| 2004 | 17.6% | 26% | 23.3% | 58.8% |
| 2005 | 18% | 25.9% | 22.4% | 59.3% |
| 2006 | 18.1% | 25.2% | 21.9% | 54.7% |
| 2007 | 17.9% | 28.7% | 21.8% | 47.4% |
| 2008 | 22.2% | 26.7% | 22.7% | 40% |
| 2009 | 25.2% | 34% | 22.7% | 39.1% |
| 2010 | 24.7% | 33.3% | 24.2% | 38.1% |
| 2011 | 26.6% | 33.2% | 23.5% | 35.6% |
| 2012 | 27.7% | 33.8% | 22.8% | 34% |
| 2013 | 28.1% | 36.4% | 23.4% | 33.7% |
| 2014 | 28.4% | 39.3% | 23% | 34.7% |
| 2015 | 31% | 40.8% | 21.4% | 34.3% |
| 2016 | 31.7% | 49.7% | 21.3% | 33.6% |
| 2017 | 32% | 53.9% | 21.2% | 33.6% |
| 2018 | 32.6% | 55.6% | 21.8% | 35.6% |
| 2019 | 33.6% | 59.4% | 20.7% | 39.9% |
| 2020 | 34.8% | 69% | 27.5% | 61.5% |
| 2021 | 31.9% | 70.1% | 23.8% | 54.4% |
| 2022 | 32.6% | 75.5% | 21.3% | 52.7% |
| 2023 | 32.7% | 82% | 21.5% | 51.5% |
| 2024 | 32.9% | 88.3% | 22.8% | 56.6% |
| 2025 | 33.7% | 96.3% | 21.8% | 58.1% |
| 2026 | 33.8% | 102.3% | 21.6% | 58.3% |
Government deficit by year
In 2024, China's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$1.38T, equivalent to -7.34% of GDP. This compares to Panama's deficit of -$6.33B, or -7.32% of GDP.
Over the past 43 years, China recorded a fiscal deficit in 42 of those years, while Panama ran a deficit in 35 years. On average, China posted an annual deficit equal to -2.28% of GDP, compared to deficit of -3.02% of GDP for Panama.
| Year | Deficit/surplus, % of GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
China
|
Panama
|
|
| 1946 | - | -3.19% |
| 1947 | - | -1.94% |
| 1948 | - | -1.21% |
| 1949 | - | -1% |
| 1950 | - | -3.89% |
| 1951 | - | -2.54% |
| 1952 | - | -3.84% |
| 1953 | - | -0.55% |
| 1954 | - | -0.2% |
| 1955 | - | -1.33% |
| 1956 | - | -3.69% |
| 1957 | - | -0.89% |
| 1958 | - | -1.62% |
| 1959 | - | -3.79% |
| 1960 | - | -3.05% |
| 1961 | - | -5.45% |
| 1962 | - | -3.01% |
| 1963 | - | -6.71% |
| 1964 | - | -2.51% |
| 1965 | - | -1.17% |
| 1966 | - | -1.18% |
| 1967 | - | -1.97% |
| 1968 | - | -1.5% |
| 1969 | - | -7.56% |
| 1970 | - | -8.02% |
| 1971 | - | -0.51% |
| 1972 | - | -1.17% |
| 1973 | - | -0.01% |
| 1974 | - | -0.6% |
| 1975 | - | -0.74% |
| 1976 | - | -2.65% |
| 1977 | - | -1.61% |
| 1978 | - | -5.21% |
| 1979 | - | -12.1% |
| 1980 | - | -5.17% |
| 1981 | - | -6.77% |
| 1982 | -1.33% | -13.3% |
| 1983 | -1.61% | -7.62% |
| 1984 | -1.44% | -7.56% |
| 1985 | -0.45% | -2.57% |
| 1986 | -1.82% | -1% |
| 1987 | -2.08% | -1.7% |
| 1988 | -2.22% | -13.5% |
| 1989 | -0.91% | -13.6% |
| 1990 | -0.72% | -3.65% |
| 1991 | -1.04% | -0.6% |
| 1992 | -1.22% | -2.62% |
| 1993 | -0.89% | -9.4% |
| 1994 | -1.68% | 2.12% |
| 1995 | -0.94% | 2.31% |
| 1996 | -0.73% | 2.48% |
| 1997 | -0.73% | 1.25% |
| 1998 | -1.08% | -1.11% |
| 1999 | -2.3% | -0.65% |
| 2000 | -2.81% | 2.05% |
| 2001 | -2.56% | -0.42% |
| 2002 | -2.84% | -0.96% |
| 2003 | -2.36% | -2.27% |
| 2004 | -1.49% | -4.33% |
| 2005 | -1.38% | -2.21% |
| 2006 | -1.13% | 0.51% |
| 2007 | 0.06% | 3.12% |
| 2008 | -0.02% | 0.38% |
| 2009 | -1.72% | -0.9% |
| 2010 | -0.36% | -1.68% |
| 2011 | -0.1% | -1.96% |
| 2012 | -0.3% | -1.31% |
| 2013 | -0.82% | -2.38% |
| 2014 | -0.67% | -3.21% |
| 2015 | -2.5% | -2.3% |
| 2016 | -3.33% | -1.89% |
| 2017 | -3.34% | -1.92% |
| 2018 | -4.2% | -2.88% |
| 2019 | -6% | -2.89% |
| 2020 | -9.56% | -10.2% |
| 2021 | -5.9% | -6.48% |
| 2022 | -7.32% | -3.98% |
| 2023 | -6.71% | -3.92% |
| 2024 | -7.34% | -7.32% |
| 2025 | -8.57% | -3.95% |
| 2026 | -8.49% | -3.5% |
Inflation comparison by year
Over the past 28 years, China has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.82%, compared with 2.02% in Panama. In 2024, inflation was 0.7% in China and 0.69% in Panama.
| Year | Inflation | |
|---|---|---|
|
China
|
Panama
|
|
| 1997 | 2.8% | 1.32% |
| 1998 | -0.8% | 0.56% |
| 1999 | -1.4% | 1.25% |
| 2000 | 0.4% | 1.5% |
| 2001 | 0.7% | 0.31% |
| 2002 | -0.8% | 1.01% |
| 2003 | 1.1% | 0.39% |
| 2004 | 3.9% | 0.47% |
| 2005 | 1.8% | 2.86% |
| 2006 | 1.5% | 2.46% |
| 2007 | 4.7% | 4.17% |
| 2008 | 5.9% | 8.76% |
| 2009 | -0.7% | 2.41% |
| 2010 | 3.3% | 3.49% |
| 2011 | 5.4% | 5.88% |
| 2012 | 2.6% | 5.7% |
| 2013 | 2.7% | 4.03% |
| 2014 | 2% | 2.63% |
| 2015 | 1.5% | 0.14% |
| 2016 | 2% | 0.74% |
| 2017 | 1.6% | 0.88% |
| 2018 | 2.1% | 0.76% |
| 2019 | 2.9% | -0.36% |
| 2020 | 2.5% | -1.55% |
| 2021 | 0.9% | 1.63% |
| 2022 | 2% | 2.86% |
| 2023 | 0.2% | 1.49% |
| 2024 | 0.2% | 0.69% |
| 2025 | 0% | - |
| 2026 | 0.7% | - |
Top exports between countries
|
China
|
|
|---|---|
| Export category | Export value |
| Machinery & equipment | $6.45B |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $2.5B |
| Raw materials & minerals | $2B |
| Metals | $804M |
| Chemicals & pharma | $712M |
| Wood & paper products | $86.2M |
| Miscellaneous | $64M |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $61M |
| Precious metals & jewellery | $41M |
| Raw agricultural goods | $14.7M |
|
Panama
|
|
|---|---|
| Export category | Export value |
| Raw materials & minerals | $1.26B |
| Chemicals & pharma | $203M |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $37.3M |
| Animal & marine products | $6.27M |
| Raw agricultural goods | $5.72M |
| Wood & paper products | $3.27M |
| Metals | $1.46M |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $917K |
| Machinery & equipment | $364K |
| Precious metals & jewellery | $270K |
Balance of trade
|
China
|
Panama
|
|
|---|---|---|
Current account balance
|
$424B
2024 |
$1.67B
2024 |
| Current account balance ranking |
1/190
2024 |
51/190
2024 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
+2.26%
2024 |
+1.93%
2024 |
| Goods imports |
$2.64T
2024 |
$25.1B
2024 |
| Goods exports |
$3.41T
2024 |
$19.1B
2024 |
| Service imports |
$613B
2024 |
$5.75B
2024 |
| Service exports |
$384B
2024 |
$18.3B
2024 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
17.2%
2024 |
39.3%
2024 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
20%
2024 |
44.4%
2024 |
Economic freedom indices
The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.
|
China
|
Panama
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 49 | 65.5 |
| Economic freedom ranking | 167/197 | 62/197 |
| Property rights | 46.7 | 56 |
| Government integrity | 40.4 | 37 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 37.4 | 49.4 |
| Tax burden | 71.6 | 86.9 |
| Government spending | 67.1 | 85.2 |
| Fiscal health | 11.1 | 62.4 |
| Business freedom | 67.7 | 73.4 |
| Labor freedom | 57.9 | 60.7 |
| Monetary freedom | 74.6 | 76.4 |
| Trade freedom | 74 | 78.6 |
| Investment freedom | 20 | 60 |
| Financial freedom | 20 | 60 |
Economic freedom by year comparison
The Economic Freedom Index for China is 49, ranking 167/197, compared to 65.5 for Panama, ranking 62/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.
| Year | Economic freedom index | |
|---|---|---|
|
China
|
Panama
|
|
| 1995 | 52 | 71.6 |
| 1996 | 51.3 | 71.8 |
| 1997 | 51.7 | 72.4 |
| 1998 | 53.1 | 72.6 |
| 1999 | 54.8 | 72.6 |
| 2000 | 56.4 | 71.6 |
| 2001 | 52.6 | 70.6 |
| 2002 | 52.8 | 68.5 |
| 2003 | 52.6 | 68.4 |
| 2004 | 52.5 | 65.3 |
| 2005 | 53.7 | 64.3 |
| 2006 | 53.6 | 65.6 |
| 2007 | 52 | 64.6 |
| 2008 | 53.1 | 64.7 |
| 2009 | 53.2 | 64.7 |
| 2010 | 51 | 64.8 |
| 2011 | 52 | 64.9 |
| 2012 | 51.2 | 65.2 |
| 2013 | 51.9 | 62.5 |
| 2014 | 52.5 | 63.4 |
| 2015 | 52.7 | 64.1 |
| 2016 | 52 | 64.8 |
| 2017 | 57.4 | 66.3 |
| 2018 | 57.8 | 67 |
| 2019 | 58.4 | 67.2 |
| 2020 | 59.5 | 67.2 |
| 2021 | 58.4 | 66.2 |
| 2022 | 48 | 65.4 |
| 2023 | 48.3 | 63.8 |
| 2024 | 48.5 | 64.1 |
| 2025 | 49 | 65.5 |
More economic indicators
|
China
|
Panama
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
56.7%
2024 |
69.3%
2024 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
36.5%
2024 |
25.5%
2024 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
6.78%
2024 |
2.68%
2024 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$19.3T
2024 |
$81.3B
2024 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$26,920
2024 |
$39,260
2024 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$3.46T
2024 |
$6.86B
2024 |
| Total reserves ranking |
1/177
2024 |
88/177
2024 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
$154B
2024 |
-$2.38B
2024 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$18.6B
2024 |
$3.24B
2024 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$172B
2024 |
$865M
2024 |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
1.89%
2024 |
n/a |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
0%
2020 |
21.7%
2023 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
40.6%
2024 |
33.5%
2024 |
GDP per capita map
GDP per capita
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Economy comparisons
The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.