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Economy of China vs Honduras compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

China has a GDP of $18.7T compared to $37.1B for Honduras, ranking 2/197 and 104/197 by economy size, respectively.

China has $16.6T in government debt (102.3% of GDP), compared to $15.8B (43.5% of GDP) in Honduras.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

China
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Honduras
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
China Honduras
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $59,846,235,025 $161,023,131,028 $475,650,000 $428,527,494
1961 $50,162,299,350 $117,112,123,191 $503,300,000 $435,656,326
1962 $47,310,737,754 $110,577,266,728 $532,450,000 $445,176,447
1963 $50,812,227,919 $121,966,725,197 $553,500,000 $450,822,527
1964 $59,821,862,703 $144,140,275,830 $591,100,000 $457,797,455
1965 $70,565,994,356 $168,572,052,589 $651,050,000 $469,623,901
1966 $76,854,053,259 $186,524,976,187 $692,150,000 $464,367,268
1967 $73,011,350,596 $175,762,485,054 $750,950,000 $481,847,771
1968 $70,980,323,819 $168,556,223,190 $815,450,000 $476,170,857
1969 $79,847,786,729 $197,109,647,392 $844,400,000 $480,367,674
1970 $92,752,930,873 $235,151,809,332 $904,400,000 $504,106,901
1971 $99,959,013,880 $251,753,527,067 $958,450,000 $527,572,760
1972 $113,871,930,714 $261,345,336,449 $1,030,645,362 $548,176,465
1973 $138,764,340,892 $281,625,734,560 $1,128,299,436 $572,522,562
1974 $144,418,433,058 $288,131,289,037 $1,243,000,000 $626,403,669
1975 $163,687,619,736 $313,256,337,433 $1,330,050,000 $659,728,478
1976 $154,196,810,059 $308,338,212,930 $1,589,300,000 $765,945,167
1977 $175,226,595,860 $331,679,415,654 $1,900,700,000 $832,415,797
1978 $149,788,617,886 $369,245,353,261 $2,393,650,000 $940,116,354
1979 $178,573,913,043 $397,275,966,893 $2,778,900,000 $1,048,514,227
1980 $191,487,500,000 $428,399,142,253 $3,184,400,000 $1,185,305,219
1981 $196,218,253,968 $450,302,166,910 $3,501,800,000 $1,271,291,180
1982 $205,480,916,031 $491,096,319,837 $3,619,500,000 $1,327,117,465
1983 $231,130,268,199 $543,778,042,482 $3,840,550,000 $1,419,960,840
1984 $260,442,857,143 $626,609,364,484 $4,029,900,000 $1,453,450,087
1985 $310,064,625,850 $710,797,305,027 $4,328,300,000 $1,521,300,422
1986 $301,310,144,928 $774,307,505,788 $4,706,100,000 $1,605,514,180
1987 $273,455,156,951 $864,345,705,903 $5,024,800,000 $1,633,451,639
1988 $312,888,888,889 $961,347,723,725 $4,892,660,944 $1,757,176,145
1989 $348,380,566,802 $1,001,785,223,304 $4,375,896,552 $1,882,432,395
1990 $361,560,229,446 $1,041,271,896,196 $3,734,460,117 $2,280,969,074
1991 $384,510,452,962 $1,138,752,669,459 $3,699,381,195 $2,875,090,818
1992 $428,502,354,788 $1,301,589,870,245 $4,122,846,905 $3,134,862,037
1993 $446,557,291,212 $1,482,889,338,699 $4,190,773,622 $3,562,368,636
1994 $566,929,539,493 $1,676,743,149,158 $4,105,686,899 $4,596,133,118
1995 $738,190,896,228 $1,861,735,071,148 $4,672,346,194 $5,730,204,280
1996 $868,523,936,530 $2,047,465,483,837 $4,798,834,459 $7,045,709,676
1997 $967,753,570,435 $2,237,626,840,760 $5,569,178,707 $8,625,903,499
1998 $1,037,134,141,760 $2,414,864,610,328 $6,163,707,533 $9,624,452,405
1999 $1,103,843,203,576 $2,601,702,759,079 $6,394,090,592 $10,738,565,556
2000 $1,223,754,919,971 $2,825,096,197,800 $7,186,638,029 $11,770,779,975
2001 $1,355,036,590,252 $3,059,936,242,479 $7,651,162,302 $12,091,321,063
2002 $1,489,821,682,051 $3,342,778,183,071 $7,858,255,413 $12,545,270,108
2003 $1,683,903,309,844 $3,681,006,926,651 $8,230,391,347 $13,115,708,313
2004 $1,984,196,551,300 $4,053,944,733,454 $8,869,299,234 $13,933,118,991
2005 $2,317,551,298,052 $4,518,455,387,849 $9,757,012,697 $14,776,156,180
2006 $2,791,498,472,804 $5,091,154,930,758 $10,917,477,066 $15,746,542,344
2007 $3,604,055,822,572 $5,811,552,614,974 $12,361,257,681 $16,720,989,902
2008 $4,667,346,414,522 $6,373,544,042,638 $13,881,731,876 $17,428,555,329
2009 $5,189,577,094,998 $6,972,829,250,985 $14,587,496,229 $17,004,757,718
2010 $6,192,564,874,453 $7,711,689,202,853 $15,839,344,592 $17,639,229,094
2011 $7,671,757,207,851 $8,441,318,020,902 $17,710,275,685 $18,315,815,357
2012 $8,673,664,713,189 $9,104,482,675,356 $18,528,554,398 $19,072,018,182
2013 $9,743,124,247,267 $9,812,695,262,901 $18,499,729,215 $19,604,424,966
2014 $10,674,533,168,257 $10,544,908,798,424 $19,756,533,972 $20,203,944,076
2015 $11,280,814,787,469 $11,280,814,787,469 $20,979,791,685 $20,979,791,685
2016 $11,456,024,084,962 $12,045,152,668,727 $21,717,604,952 $21,796,529,143
2017 $12,537,559,062,283 $12,875,216,222,853 $23,136,247,991 $22,852,116,285
2018 $14,147,765,772,964 $13,745,158,275,137 $24,067,750,760 $23,730,778,961
2019 $14,560,167,101,283 $14,579,283,528,148 $24,882,225,742 $24,338,200,129
2020 $14,996,414,166,715 $14,920,466,234,565 $23,352,232,484 $22,156,260,474
2021 $18,201,698,719,564 $16,199,162,892,909 $28,144,331,507 $24,940,257,610
2022 $18,316,765,021,690 $16,706,875,253,649 $31,426,041,807 $25,973,672,632
2023 $18,270,356,654,533 $17,611,526,369,127 $34,355,805,528 $26,902,451,582
2024 $18,743,803,170,827 $18,488,114,837,769 $37,093,565,854 $27,858,556,650

Economic indicators

China Honduras
Gross domestic product
$18.7T
2024
$37.1B
2024
GDP rank
2/197
2024
104/197
2024
GDP growth
2.59%
2023-2024
7.97%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$13,303
2024
$3,426
2024
GDP per capita rank
76/197
2024
136/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$27,105
2024
$7,486
2024
Government debt
$16.6T
2024
$15.8B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
102.3%
2026
43.5%
2026
Government debt per person
$11,750
2024
$1,460
2024
Government debt per person rank
47/185
2024
132/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$9,060
2026
$5,147
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$11.8T
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
6,013,282
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
450
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
28.4%
2022
32.3%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
3.1%
2022
1.2%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
33.8%
2026
26%
2026
Consumer prices inflation
0.7%
2025-2026
4.61%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
3.1%
2024
5.75%
2024
Unemployment rate
5.11%
2021
4.91%
2024
Population
1402614510
11186699

GDP per capita in China vs Honduras

China's GDP per capita is $13,303, ranking 76/197, compared to $3,426 in Honduras, ranking 136/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), China ranks 77th at $27,105, while Honduras ranks 146th at $7,486.

China
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Honduras
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
China Honduras
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $89.7 - $230.7 -
1961 $76 - $237.3 -
1962 $71.1 - $244 -
1963 $74.5 - $246.6 -
1964 $85.7 - $255.9 -
1965 $98.7 - $273.9 -
1966 $104.5 - $282.9 -
1967 $96.8 - $298.2 -
1968 $91.6 - $314 -
1969 $100.3 - $316 -
1970 $113.3 - $329 -
1971 $118.8 - $338 -
1972 $132.1 - $353 -
1973 $157.3 - $375 -
1974 $160.4 - $401 -
1975 $178.6 - $417 -
1976 $165.7 - $482 -
1977 $185.7 - $559 -
1978 $156.7 - $683 -
1979 $184.3 - $769 -
1980 $195.1 - $854 -
1981 $197.4 - $912 -
1982 $203.7 - $914 -
1983 $225.9 - $942 -
1984 $251.2 - $960 -
1985 $295 - $1,001 -
1986 $282.4 - $1,058 -
1987 $252.3 - $1,098 -
1988 $284 - $1,039 -
1989 $311 - $904 -
1990 $319 $991 $750 $540
1991 $334 $1,105 $722 $684
1992 $368 $1,276 $782 $741
1993 $379 $1,471 $773 $838
1994 $476 $1,680 $736 $1,074
1995 $613 $1,884 $814 $1,329
1996 $713 $2,088 $813 $1,617
1997 $787 $2,297 $917 $1,959
1998 $835 $2,483 $989 $2,152
1999 $881 $2,690 $999 $2,372
2000 $969 $2,964 $1,093 $2,587
2001 $1,065 $3,258 $1,132 $2,645
2002 $1,164 $3,591 $1,132 $2,715
2003 $1,307 $4,007 $1,156 $2,821
2004 $1,531 $4,505 $1,215 $3,001
2005 $1,778 $5,148 $1,305 $3,204
2006 $2,129 $5,946 $1,426 $3,438
2007 $2,735 $6,935 $1,578 $3,664
2008 $3,523 $7,713 $1,732 $3,806
2009 $3,898 $8,448 $1,781 $3,656
2010 $4,629 $9,411 $1,893 $3,758
2011 $5,704 $10,457 $2,074 $3,901
2012 $6,405 $11,420 $2,126 $4,016
2013 $7,147 $12,228 $2,081 $4,137
2014 $7,781 $12,942 $2,180 $4,460
2015 $8,175 $13,463 $2,271 $4,846
2016 $8,255 $14,157 $2,307 $5,186
2017 $8,980 $15,022 $2,413 $5,621
2018 $10,086 $16,298 $2,465 $5,633
2019 $10,343 $17,601 $2,502 $5,785
2020 $10,627 $18,267 $2,308 $5,385
2021 $12,887 $20,843 $2,735 $6,203
2022 $12,971 $23,032 $3,003 $6,805
2023 $12,951 $25,179 $3,227 $7,178
2024 $13,303 $27,105 $3,426 $7,486

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, China's government spending was $6.18T, accounting for 33.8% of its GDP, while Honduras' spent $9.52B, or 26% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 102.3% in China and 43.5% in Honduras, ranking 22/185 and 123/185, respectively.

China
Government spending

Government debt
Honduras
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
China Honduras
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 - - 12.2% 8.97%
1961 - - 11.2% 8.22%
1962 - - 10.5% 8.54%
1963 - - 10.1% 9.02%
1964 - - 11.4% 9.78%
1965 - - 10.6% 8.97%
1966 - - 11.4% 9.47%
1967 - - 11.4% 9.72%
1968 - - 11.6% 9.75%
1969 - - 13.6% 13%
1970 - - 15.2% 17.2%
1971 - - 15.2% 19.8%
1972 - - 12.6% 16.8%
1973 - - 11.1% 16.6%
1974 - - 11.7% 18.5%
1975 - - 11.9% 24%
1976 - - 11.5% 26.5%
1977 - - 14.6% 28.2%
1978 - - 13.1% 32.8%
1979 - - 14.4% 36.1%
1980 - - 16.2% 41%
1981 - - 15.3% 48.1%
1982 27.9% - 18.7% 54.3%
1983 28.3% - 20.8% 57.6%
1984 26.9% 0.97% 22.4% 60.5%
1985 25.8% 3.31% 22.5% 65.7%
1986 25.6% 3.24% 19.8% 69.9%
1987 23.4% 3.6% 17.2% 73.6%
1988 20.9% 4.46% 16% 71.7%
1989 18.6% - 10.2% 68.4%
1990 18.2% - 16.4% 200.3%
1991 16.5% - 18.8% 122.2%
1992 14.6% - 20.5% 116.5%
1993 13.4% - 23.7% 108%
1994 12.4% - 19.2% 86.4%
1995 11.1% 21.4% 17.2% 65.4%
1996 11% 21.2% 18.7% 64.6%
1997 11.5% 20.4% 19.4% 70.8%
1998 12.6% 20.4% 19.4% 67.4%
1999 14.9% 21.6% 23.3% 75.8%
2000 16.1% 22.7% 22.1% 65.8%
2001 17.2% 24.3% 25.1% 63.4%
2002 18.2% 25.6% 26.8% 64.2%
2003 18% 26.4% 26.4% 67.8%
2004 17.6% 26% 25.5% 60.9%
2005 18% 25.9% 23.6% 55.6%
2006 18.1% 25.2% 24.4% 39.2%
2007 17.9% 28.7% 24.4% 24%
2008 22.2% 26.7% 26.4% 22.3%
2009 25.2% 34% 28.4% 23.8%
2010 24.7% 33.3% 26.5% 21.8%
2011 26.6% 33.2% 25.9% 24.8%
2012 27.7% 33.8% 26.4% 27.1%
2013 28.1% 36.4% 29.6% 37.3%
2014 28.4% 39.3% 27.6% 35.2%
2015 31% 40.8% 26% 38.5%
2016 31.7% 49.7% 27.4% 39.6%
2017 32% 53.9% 26.9% 41.5%
2018 32.6% 55.6% 26.2% 42.6%
2019 33.6% 59.4% 25.9% 43.5%
2020 34.8% 69% 28.4% 53.7%
2021 31.9% 70.1% 28.8% 51%
2022 32.6% 75.5% 24% 48.7%
2023 32.7% 82% 26.1% 44.9%
2024 32.9% 88.3% 25.7% 42.6%
2025 33.7% 96.3% 26.7% 43%
2026 33.8% 102.3% 26% 43.5%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, China's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$1.38T, equivalent to -7.34% of GDP. This compares to Honduras' deficit of -$299M, or -0.81% of GDP.

Over the past 43 years, China recorded a fiscal deficit in 42 of those years, while Honduras ran a deficit in 34 years. On average, China posted an annual deficit equal to -2.28% of GDP, compared to deficit of -2.29% of GDP for Honduras.

Deficit/surplus
China

Honduras
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
China Honduras
1927 - 0.37%
1928 - 0.72%
1929 - -0.38%
1930 - -1.15%
1931 - -0.94%
1932 - -2.13%
1933 - 2.06%
1934 - 0.06%
1935 - 0%
1936 - -0.76%
1937 - -1.37%
1938 - -0.74%
1939 - -0.52%
1940 - -0.43%
1941 - -0.26%
1942 - 0%
1943 - -0.48%
1944 - -0.82%
1945 - 0%
1946 - 0.32%
1947 - -0.83%
1948 - 0.52%
1949 - -1.92%
1950 - -0.44%
1951 - -1.04%
1952 - -3.21%
1953 - -2.96%
1954 - -2.91%
1955 - -0.42%
1956 - -1.81%
1957 - -1.01%
1958 - -1.16%
1959 - -1.31%
1960 - -1.22%
1961 - -1.05%
1962 - -0.71%
1963 - -0.39%
1964 - -1.77%
1965 - 0.19%
1966 - -0.45%
1967 - -0.73%
1968 - -0.38%
1969 - -2.16%
1970 - -3.24%
1971 - -3.51%
1972 - -2.37%
1973 - -0.71%
1974 - -0.27%
1975 - -1.78%
1976 - -0.93%
1977 - -2.55%
1978 - -0.68%
1979 - -1.55%
1980 - -2.52%
1981 - -2.5%
1982 -1.33% -6.17%
1983 -1.61% -9.1%
1984 -1.44% -9.33%
1985 -0.45% -8.58%
1986 -1.82% -5.92%
1987 -2.08% -3.23%
1988 -2.22% -2.65%
1989 -0.91% 2.08%
1990 -0.72% -1.82%
1991 -1.04% -1.95%
1992 -1.22% -1.41%
1993 -0.89% -5.03%
1994 -1.68% -0.98%
1995 -0.94% -0.24%
1996 -0.73% 0.13%
1997 -0.73% 0.08%
1998 -1.08% 2.89%
1999 -2.3% 1.38%
2000 -2.81% 1.51%
2001 -2.56% -3.12%
2002 -2.84% -5.02%
2003 -2.36% -5.09%
2004 -1.49% -2.48%
2005 -1.38% -0.03%
2006 -1.13% -1.36%
2007 0.06% -0.25%
2008 -0.02% -0.27%
2009 -1.72% -4.86%
2010 -0.36% -3.37%
2011 -0.1% -2.94%
2012 -0.3% -3.48%
2013 -0.82% -5.73%
2014 -0.67% -2.9%
2015 -2.5% -0.78%
2016 -3.33% -0.4%
2017 -3.34% -0.41%
2018 -4.2% 0.2%
2019 -6% 0.09%
2020 -9.56% -4.58%
2021 -5.9% -3.18%
2022 -7.32% 1.66%
2023 -6.71% -1.01%
2024 -7.34% -0.81%
2025 -8.57% -1.46%
2026 -8.49% -1.01%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 28 years, China has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.82%, compared with 7.24% in Honduras. In 2024, inflation was 0.7% in China and 4.61% in Honduras.

Inflation
China

Honduras
Year Inflation
China Honduras
1997 2.8% 20.2%
1998 -0.8% 13.7%
1999 -1.4% 11.7%
2000 0.4% 11%
2001 0.7% 9.67%
2002 -0.8% 7.69%
2003 1.1% 7.67%
2004 3.9% 8.11%
2005 1.8% 8.81%
2006 1.5% 5.58%
2007 4.7% 6.94%
2008 5.9% 11.4%
2009 -0.7% 5.5%
2010 3.3% 4.7%
2011 5.4% 6.76%
2012 2.6% 5.2%
2013 2.7% 5.16%
2014 2% 6.13%
2015 1.5% 3.16%
2016 2% 2.72%
2017 1.6% 3.93%
2018 2.1% 4.35%
2019 2.9% 4.37%
2020 2.5% 3.47%
2021 0.9% 4.48%
2022 2% 9.09%
2023 0.2% 6.66%
2024 0.2% 4.61%
2025 0% -
2026 0.7% -

Top exports between countries

China
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $813M
Metals $368M
Textiles & consumer goods $335M
Chemicals & pharma $237M
Raw materials & minerals $92.8M
Wood & paper products $34.5M
Miscellaneous $22.9M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $20M
Raw agricultural goods $6.79M
Precious metals & jewellery $3.99M
Honduras
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $12.5M
Raw materials & minerals $11.8M
Metals $9.68M
Machinery & equipment $1.34M
Animal & marine products $1.23M
Chemicals & pharma $727K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $298K
Wood & paper products $182K
Textiles & consumer goods $37K
Miscellaneous $18K

Balance of trade

China Honduras
Current account balance
$424B
2024
-$1.65B
2024
Current account balance ranking
1/190
2024
137/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+2.26%
2024
-4.45%
2024
Goods imports
$2.64T
2024
$14.6B
2024
Goods exports
$3.41T
2024
$5.67B
2024
Service imports
$613B
2024
$3.67B
2024
Service exports
$384B
2024
$3.75B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.2%
2024
57.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
20%
2024
33.5%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

China Honduras
Economic freedom 49 59.6
Economic freedom ranking 167/197 100/197
Property rights 46.7 38.1
Government integrity 40.4 25.1
Judicial effectiveness 37.4 27.1
Tax burden 71.6 84.5
Government spending 67.1 79.2
Fiscal health 11.1 94.8
Business freedom 67.7 65
Labor freedom 57.9 38.8
Monetary freedom 74.6 68.2
Trade freedom 74 69.4
Investment freedom 20 65
Financial freedom 20 60

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for China is 49, ranking 167/197, compared to 59.6 for Honduras, ranking 100/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

China
Honduras
Year Economic freedom index
China Honduras
1995 52 57
1996 51.3 56.6
1997 51.7 56
1998 53.1 56.2
1999 54.8 56.7
2000 56.4 57.6
2001 52.6 57
2002 52.8 58.7
2003 52.6 60.4
2004 52.5 55.3
2005 53.7 55.3
2006 53.6 57.4
2007 52 59.1
2008 53.1 58.9
2009 53.2 58.7
2010 51 58.3
2011 52 58.6
2012 51.2 58.8
2013 51.9 58.4
2014 52.5 57.1
2015 52.7 57.4
2016 52 57.7
2017 57.4 58.8
2018 57.8 60.6
2019 58.4 60.2
2020 59.5 61.1
2021 58.4 59.8
2022 48 59.5
2023 48.3 58.7
2024 48.5 58.6
2025 49 59.6

More economic indicators

China Honduras
Services, % of GDP
56.7%
2024
58.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
36.5%
2024
26.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
6.78%
2024
11.2%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$19.3T
2024
$32.7B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$26,920
2024
$6,900
2024
Total reserves including gold
$3.46T
2024
$8.04B
2024
Total reserves ranking
1/177
2024
84/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$154B
2024
-$620M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$18.6B
2024
$1.31B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$172B
2024
$689M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
1.89%
2024
5.23%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
0%
2020
62.9%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
40.6%
2024
22.5%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.