Fertility & birth rates in Cuba and Nicaragua

Fertility rate in Cuba vs Nicaragua chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Cuba was 1.44 children per woman in 2023, compared to 2.22 in Nicaragua in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Cuba vs Nicaragua population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Cuba	Nicaragua
1960	4.13	7.16
1961	4.26	7.11
1962	4.42	7.1
1963	4.56	7.08
1964	4.53	7.06
1965	4.5	7.03
1966	4.4	6.99
1967	4.29	6.94
1968	4.19	6.89
1969	4.12	6.83
1970	3.98	6.77
1971	3.8	6.71
1972	3.61	6.65
1973	3.4	6.59
1974	3.16	6.52
1975	2.82	6.45
1976	2.51	6.37
1977	2.21	6.28
1978	1.88	6.16
1979	1.77	6.07
1980	1.64	5.96
1981	1.59	5.84
1982	1.78	5.74
1983	1.8	5.61
1984	1.77	5.49
1985	1.77	5.36
1986	1.78	5.22
1987	1.8	5.07
1988	1.85	4.93
1989	1.83	4.76
1990	1.81	4.6
1991	1.66	4.43
1992	1.56	4.27
1993	1.49	4.1
1994	1.47	3.94
1995	1.48	3.78
1996	1.46	3.62
1997	1.59	3.47
1998	1.62	3.34
1999	1.64	3.22
2000	1.61	3.12
2001	1.6	3
2002	1.65	2.89
2003	1.63	2.83
2004	1.55	2.78
2005	1.49	2.77
2006	1.4	2.73
2007	1.44	2.7
2008	1.58	2.66
2009	1.68	2.63
2010	1.67	2.6
2011	1.73	2.56
2012	1.67	2.53
2013	1.68	2.49
2014	1.66	2.46
2015	1.69	2.43
2016	1.6	2.41
2017	1.59	2.38
2018	1.61	2.35
2019	1.54	2.32
2020	1.49	2.3
2021	1.43	2.27
2022	1.41	2.24
2023	1.44	2.22
2024	1.45	2.21
2025	1.45	2.18
2026	1.45	2.16
2027	1.46	2.14
2028	1.46	2.11
2029	1.46	2.09
2030	1.47	2.07
2031	1.47	2.05
2032	1.47	2.04
2033	1.48	2.02
2034	1.48	2.01
2035	1.49	2
2036	1.49	1.98
2037	1.49	1.97
2038	1.49	1.96
2039	1.49	1.95
2040	1.49	1.94
2041	1.49	1.93
2042	1.5	1.92
2043	1.5	1.91
2044	1.5	1.9
2045	1.5	1.89
2046	1.51	1.89
2047	1.51	1.88
2048	1.51	1.87
2049	1.51	1.87
2050	1.51	1.86

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Cuba	Nicaragua
1960	36%	47.6%
1961	36.2%	47.8%
1962	36.5%	48%
1963	36.8%	48.2%
1964	37.1%	48.2%
1965	37.3%	48.1%
1966	37.5%	47.9%
1967	37.7%	47.8%
1968	37.8%	47.7%
1969	37.9%	47.6%
1970	38%	47.5%
1971	37.9%	47.5%
1972	37.8%	47.4%
1973	37.6%	47.4%
1974	37.3%	47.3%
1975	36.8%	47.3%
1976	36.2%	47.3%
1977	35.4%	47.2%
1978	34.3%	47.3%
1979	33.2%	47.3%
1980	31.9%	47.3%
1981	30.5%	47.3%
1982	29.3%	47.3%
1983	28.1%	47.2%
1984	27.1%	47.2%
1985	26.1%	47.1%
1986	25.2%	47%
1987	24.3%	46.9%
1988	23.6%	46.7%
1989	23.1%	46.4%
1990	22.8%	46.1%
1991	22.5%	45.7%
1992	22.4%	45.2%
1993	22.2%	44.8%
1994	22.1%	44.3%
1995	22.1%	43.7%
1996	22.1%	43.1%
1997	22%	42.4%
1998	21.8%	41.7%
1999	21.5%	41%
2000	21.3%	40.3%
2001	20.9%	39.6%
2002	20.6%	38.9%
2003	20.2%	38.2%
2004	19.8%	37.5%
2005	19.4%	36.8%
2006	18.9%	36.2%
2007	18.5%	35.7%
2008	18.2%	35.2%
2009	17.9%	34.7%
2010	17.7%	34.2%
2011	17.5%	33.8%
2012	17.3%	33.3%
2013	17.1%	32.9%
2014	16.9%	32.6%
2015	16.7%	32.2%
2016	16.5%	31.8%
2017	16.3%	31.5%
2018	16.1%	31.1%
2019	16%	30.8%
2020	15.8%	30.4%
2021	15.8%	30.1%
2022	15.7%	29.6%
2023	15.5%	29.2%
2024	15.3%	28.8%
2025	15%	28.3%
2026	14.7%	27.9%
2027	14.4%	27.4%
2028	14.1%	27%
2029	13.9%	26.6%
2030	13.6%	26.2%
2031	13.4%	25.8%
2032	13.2%	25.4%
2033	13%	25%
2034	12.8%	24.7%
2035	12.7%	24.4%
2036	12.6%	24%
2037	12.6%	23.7%
2038	12.5%	23.4%
2039	12.4%	23.1%
2040	12.4%	22.8%
2041	12.3%	22.5%
2042	12.3%	22.2%
2043	12.2%	22%
2044	12.2%	21.7%
2045	12.1%	21.4%
2046	12.1%	21.2%
2047	12%	20.9%
2048	12%	20.7%
2049	11.9%	20.5%
2050	11.8%	20.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.3% of the population in Cuba and 28.8% in Nicaragua in 2024, compared to 22.8% and 46.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Cuba and Nicaragua compared.

Natural population change in Cuba vs Nicaragua by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been -0.06% in Cuba and +1.58% in Nicaragua. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Cuba	Nicaragua
1960	172,816	55,664
1961	183,806	57,499
1962	196,423	59,547
1963	205,788	61,738
1964	209,315	64,227
1965	211,322	67,056
1966	209,179	69,883
1967	207,245	72,722
1968	205,487	75,458
1969	205,581	78,237
1970	201,823	81,127
1971	195,106	84,139
1972	187,588	76,906
1973	177,387	89,662
1974	165,099	92,505
1975	144,964	95,230
1976	125,383	98,100
1977	106,875	100,498
1978	86,864	98,419
1979	81,192	96,429
1980	74,271	108,604
1981	74,067	110,421
1982	95,866	112,468
1983	101,858	110,618
1984	101,670	110,133
1985	103,228	110,949
1986	105,997	113,054
1987	109,617	112,885
1988	116,626	117,299
1989	114,865	120,128
1990	112,378	120,677
1991	95,398	121,787
1992	83,461	121,204
1993	73,221	120,469
1994	68,604	119,565
1995	66,809	118,325
1996	61,837	116,849
1997	71,828	114,415
1998	71,284	108,862
1999	69,069	110,217
2000	61,133	109,192
2001	57,325	107,109
2002	58,212	105,805
2003	56,170	106,142
2004	44,258	106,904
2005	36,660	108,984
2006	24,508	110,073
2007	24,617	110,341
2008	32,848	110,395
2009	37,543	110,213
2010	37,021	110,475
2011	40,753	110,026
2012	33,864	110,065
2013	29,827	109,032
2014	22,448	108,420
2015	20,464	107,344
2016	9,677	106,585
2017	2,306	105,468
2018	3,436	104,814
2019	-4,245	102,817
2020	-12,808	90,515
2021	-71,616	89,213
2022	-17,961	100,987
2023	-15,880	100,921

Maternal mortality chart: Cuba vs Nicaragua

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 35 deaths per 100,000 live births in Cuba, compared to 60 deaths in Nicaragua.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Cuba	Nicaragua
1985	70	319
1986	70	313
1987	69	316
1988	68	301
1989	66	286
1990	66	281
1991	66	273
1992	66	272
1993	65	265
1994	64	256
1995	62	251
1996	59	244
1997	57	236
1998	54	239
1999	51	228
2000	48	213
2001	46	194
2002	45	170
2003	44	154
2004	44	140
2005	43	124
2006	42	113
2007	42	106
2008	44	101
2009	45	99
2010	44	96
2011	44	93
2012	42	88
2013	42	86
2014	42	83
2015	41	81
2016	40	77
2017	39	72
2018	39	67
2019	40	69
2020	40	87
2021	172	124
2022	41	61
2023	35	60

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.83% in Cuba and 1.34% in Nicaragua. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Cuba	Nicaragua
1960	4.41%	19.8%
1961	4.44%	19.6%
1962	4.45%	19.4%
1963	4.45%	19.2%
1964	4.43%	19%
1965	4.38%	18.7%
1966	4.31%	18.4%
1967	4.22%	18.1%
1968	4.11%	17.8%
1969	3.97%	17.4%
1970	3.82%	17.1%
1971	3.65%	16.6%
1972	3.47%	18.7%
1973	3.29%	15.6%
1974	3.11%	15%
1975	2.94%	14.4%
1976	2.77%	13.7%
1977	2.62%	12.9%
1978	2.47%	12.2%
1979	2.34%	11.5%
1980	2.22%	10.8%
1981	2.11%	10.2%
1982	2%	9.58%
1983	1.9%	9.07%
1984	1.81%	8.62%
1985	1.73%	8.21%
1986	1.64%	7.85%
1987	1.56%	7.53%
1988	1.49%	7.22%
1989	1.41%	6.92%
1990	1.34%	6.62%
1991	1.28%	6.31%
1992	1.22%	6%
1993	1.16%	5.69%
1994	1.11%	5.39%
1995	1.06%	5.09%
1996	1.01%	4.81%
1997	0.97%	4.54%
1998	0.93%	5.01%
1999	0.89%	4.04%
2000	0.86%	3.82%
2001	0.82%	3.62%
2002	0.79%	3.43%
2003	0.76%	3.26%
2004	0.73%	3.1%
2005	0.71%	2.95%
2006	0.69%	2.81%
2007	0.66%	2.68%
2008	0.65%	2.55%
2009	0.63%	2.44%
2010	0.62%	2.33%
2011	0.61%	2.22%
2012	0.6%	2.13%
2013	0.6%	2.03%
2014	0.6%	1.94%
2015	0.61%	1.86%
2016	0.62%	1.78%
2017	0.64%	1.71%
2018	0.66%	1.64%
2019	0.69%	1.57%
2020	0.72%	1.51%
2021	0.76%	1.45%
2022	0.79%	1.39%
2023	0.83%	1.34%