Fertility & birth rates in Cuba and Nicaragua

Fertility rate in Cuba vs Nicaragua by year

Chart Table

Cuba

Nicaragua

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Cuba	Nicaragua
2023	1.44	2.22
2022	1.41	2.24
2021	1.43	2.27
2020	1.49	2.3
2019	1.54	2.32
2018	1.61	2.35
2017	1.59	2.38
2016	1.6	2.41
2015	1.69	2.43
2014	1.66	2.46
2013	1.68	2.49
2012	1.67	2.53
2011	1.73	2.56
2010	1.67	2.6
2009	1.68	2.63
2008	1.58	2.66
2007	1.44	2.7
2006	1.4	2.73
2005	1.49	2.77
2004	1.55	2.78
2003	1.63	2.83
2002	1.65	2.89
2001	1.6	3
2000	1.61	3.12
1999	1.64	3.22
1998	1.62	3.34
1997	1.59	3.47
1996	1.46	3.62
1995	1.48	3.78
1994	1.47	3.94
1993	1.49	4.1
1992	1.56	4.27
1991	1.66	4.43
1990	1.81	4.6
1989	1.83	4.76
1988	1.85	4.93
1987	1.8	5.07
1986	1.78	5.22
1985	1.77	5.36
1984	1.77	5.49
1983	1.8	5.61
1982	1.78	5.74
1981	1.59	5.84
1980	1.64	5.96
1979	1.77	6.07
1978	1.88	6.16
1977	2.21	6.28
1976	2.51	6.37
1975	2.82	6.45
1974	3.16	6.52
1973	3.4	6.59
1972	3.61	6.65
1971	3.8	6.71
1970	3.98	6.77
1969	4.12	6.83
1968	4.19	6.89
1967	4.29	6.94
1966	4.4	6.99
1965	4.5	7.03
1964	4.53	7.06
1963	4.56	7.08
1962	4.42	7.1
1961	4.26	7.11
1960	4.13	7.16

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Cuba was 1.44 children per woman in 2023, compared to 2.22 in Nicaragua in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Cuba vs Nicaragua population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Cuba

Nicaragua

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Cuba	Nicaragua
2023	-15,880	100,921
2022	-17,961	100,987
2021	-71,616	89,213
2020	-12,808	90,515
2019	-4,245	102,817
2018	3,436	104,814
2017	2,306	105,468
2016	9,677	106,585
2015	20,464	107,344
2014	22,448	108,420
2013	29,827	109,032
2012	33,864	110,065
2011	40,753	110,026
2010	37,021	110,475
2009	37,543	110,213
2008	32,848	110,395
2007	24,617	110,341
2006	24,508	110,073
2005	36,660	108,984
2004	44,258	106,904
2003	56,170	106,142
2002	58,212	105,805
2001	57,325	107,109
2000	61,133	109,192
1999	69,069	110,217
1998	71,284	108,862
1997	71,828	114,415
1996	61,837	116,849
1995	66,809	118,325
1994	68,604	119,565
1993	73,221	120,469
1992	83,461	121,204
1991	95,398	121,787
1990	112,378	120,677
1989	114,865	120,128
1988	116,626	117,299
1987	109,617	112,885
1986	105,997	113,054
1985	103,228	110,949
1984	101,670	110,133
1983	101,858	110,618
1982	95,866	112,468
1981	74,067	110,421
1980	74,271	108,604
1979	81,192	96,429
1978	86,864	98,419
1977	106,875	100,498
1976	125,383	98,100
1975	144,964	95,230
1974	165,099	92,505
1973	177,387	89,662
1972	187,588	76,906
1971	195,106	84,139
1970	201,823	81,127
1969	205,581	78,237
1968	205,487	75,458
1967	207,245	72,722
1966	209,179	69,883
1965	211,322	67,056
1964	209,315	64,227
1963	205,788	61,738
1962	196,423	59,547
1961	183,806	57,499
1960	172,816	55,664

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.14% in Cuba and +1.48% in Nicaragua.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.06% in Cuba and +1.58% in Nicaragua.

Birth rate in Cuba vs Nicaragua by year

Chart Table

Cuba

Nicaragua

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Cuba	Nicaragua
2023	8.71	19.4
2022	8.66	19.7
2021	8.81	20
2020	9.26	20.5
2019	9.67	20.8
2018	10.2	21.2
2017	10.1	21.6
2016	10.3	22.1
2015	10.9	22.4
2014	10.9	22.8
2013	11.2	23.2
2012	11.2	23.6
2011	11.8	24
2010	11.4	24.3
2009	11.5	24.6
2008	10.9	24.9
2007	10	25.2
2006	9.87	25.4
2005	10.6	25.6
2004	11.3	25.7
2003	12.1	25.9
2002	12.5	26.3
2001	12.4	27
2000	12.9	27.9
1999	13.5	28.5
1998	13.7	29.2
1997	13.8	30
1996	13	31
1995	13.5	31.9
1994	13.7	32.9
1993	14.1	33.9
1992	15	34.9
1991	16.1	35.8
1990	17.6	36.6
1989	17.8	37.5
1988	18	38.4
1987	17.3	39.1
1986	17	39.8
1985	16.7	40.6
1984	16.5	41.3
1983	16.5	42.1
1982	15.9	42.8
1981	13.9	43.4
1980	13.9	44.1
1979	14.6	44.6
1978	15.1	44.9
1977	17.3	45.3
1976	19.4	45.6
1975	21.6	45.9
1974	24.1	46.2
1973	25.8	46.4
1972	27.2	46.7
1971	28.5	46.8
1970	29.9	46.8
1969	31	47
1968	31.6	47.2
1967	32.5	47.4
1966	33.4	47.6
1965	34.4	47.9
1964	34.9	48.2
1963	35.4	48.5
1962	34.6	48.9
1961	33.7	49.3
1960	32.8	50

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8.71 in Cuba and 19.4 in Nicaragua, compared with 32.8 and 50, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Cuba

Factual

UN forecast

Nicaragua

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Cuba	Nicaragua
2100	10.9%	14.2%
2099	10.9%	14.3%
2098	10.9%	14.3%
2097	10.9%	14.4%
2096	10.9%	14.4%
2095	10.9%	14.5%
2094	10.9%	14.5%
2093	10.9%	14.6%
2092	10.9%	14.7%
2091	10.9%	14.7%
2090	11%	14.8%
2089	11%	14.9%
2088	11%	14.9%
2087	11%	15%
2086	11%	15.1%
2085	11%	15.2%
2084	11%	15.2%
2083	11%	15.3%
2082	11.1%	15.4%
2081	11.1%	15.5%
2080	11.1%	15.6%
2079	11.1%	15.7%
2078	11.1%	15.8%
2077	11.1%	15.9%
2076	11.1%	16%
2075	11.1%	16.1%
2074	11.1%	16.2%
2073	11.1%	16.3%
2072	11.1%	16.4%
2071	11.2%	16.5%
2070	11.2%	16.7%
2069	11.2%	16.8%
2068	11.2%	16.9%
2067	11.2%	17.1%
2066	11.2%	17.2%
2065	11.2%	17.4%
2064	11.2%	17.6%
2063	11.3%	17.7%
2062	11.3%	17.9%
2061	11.3%	18.1%
2060	11.3%	18.2%
2059	11.4%	18.4%
2058	11.4%	18.6%
2057	11.5%	18.8%
2056	11.5%	19%
2055	11.5%	19.2%
2054	11.6%	19.4%
2053	11.7%	19.7%
2052	11.7%	19.9%
2051	11.8%	20.1%
2050	11.9%	20.3%
2049	11.9%	20.6%
2048	12%	20.8%
2047	12%	21.1%
2046	12.1%	21.3%
2045	12.2%	21.6%
2044	12.2%	21.8%
2043	12.3%	22.1%
2042	12.3%	22.4%
2041	12.4%	22.7%
2040	12.4%	23%
2039	12.5%	23.3%
2038	12.5%	23.6%
2037	12.6%	23.9%
2036	12.6%	24.2%
2035	12.7%	24.5%
2034	12.9%	24.9%
2033	13.1%	25.2%
2032	13.3%	25.6%
2031	13.5%	26%
2030	13.8%	26.4%
2029	14%	26.8%
2028	14.3%	27.2%
2027	14.6%	27.7%
2026	14.9%	28.1%
2025	15.2%	28.5%
2024	15.3%	28.8%
2023	15.5%	29.2%
2022	15.7%	29.6%
2021	15.8%	30.1%
2020	15.8%	30.4%
2019	16%	30.8%
2018	16.1%	31.1%
2017	16.3%	31.5%
2016	16.5%	31.8%
2015	16.7%	32.2%
2014	16.9%	32.6%
2013	17.1%	32.9%
2012	17.3%	33.3%
2011	17.5%	33.8%
2010	17.7%	34.2%
2009	17.9%	34.7%
2008	18.2%	35.2%
2007	18.5%	35.7%
2006	18.9%	36.2%
2005	19.4%	36.8%
2004	19.8%	37.5%
2003	20.2%	38.2%
2002	20.6%	38.9%
2001	20.9%	39.6%
2000	21.3%	40.3%
1999	21.5%	41%
1998	21.8%	41.7%
1997	22%	42.4%
1996	22.1%	43.1%
1995	22.1%	43.7%
1994	22.1%	44.3%
1993	22.2%	44.8%
1992	22.4%	45.2%
1991	22.5%	45.7%
1990	22.8%	46.1%
1989	23.1%	46.4%
1988	23.6%	46.7%
1987	24.3%	46.9%
1986	25.2%	47%
1985	26.1%	47.1%
1984	27.1%	47.2%
1983	28.1%	47.2%
1982	29.3%	47.3%
1981	30.5%	47.3%
1980	31.9%	47.3%
1979	33.2%	47.3%
1978	34.3%	47.3%
1977	35.4%	47.2%
1976	36.2%	47.3%
1975	36.8%	47.3%
1974	37.3%	47.3%
1973	37.6%	47.4%
1972	37.8%	47.4%
1971	37.9%	47.5%
1970	38%	47.5%
1969	37.9%	47.6%
1968	37.8%	47.7%
1967	37.7%	47.8%
1966	37.5%	47.9%
1965	37.3%	48.1%
1964	37.1%	48.2%
1963	36.8%	48.2%
1962	36.5%	48%
1961	36.2%	47.8%
1960	36%	47.6%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.3% of the population in Cuba and 28.8% in Nicaragua in 2024, compared to 22.8% and 46.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Cuba and Nicaragua compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Cuba vs Nicaragua

Chart Table

Cuba

Nicaragua

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Cuba	Nicaragua
2023	35	60
2022	41	61
2021	172	124
2020	40	87
2019	40	69
2018	39	67
2017	39	72
2016	40	77
2015	41	81
2014	42	83
2013	42	86
2012	42	88
2011	44	93
2010	44	96
2009	45	99
2008	44	101
2007	42	106
2006	42	113
2005	43	124
2004	44	140
2003	44	154
2002	45	170
2001	46	194
2000	48	213
1999	51	228
1998	54	239
1997	57	236
1996	59	244
1995	62	251
1994	64	256
1993	65	265
1992	66	272
1991	66	273
1990	66	281
1989	66	286
1988	68	301
1987	69	316
1986	70	313
1985	70	319

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 35 deaths per 100,000 live births in Cuba, compared to 60 deaths in Nicaragua.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Cuba

Nicaragua

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Cuba	Nicaragua
2023	0.83%	1.34%
2022	0.79%	1.39%
2021	0.76%	1.45%
2020	0.72%	1.51%
2019	0.69%	1.57%
2018	0.66%	1.64%
2017	0.64%	1.71%
2016	0.62%	1.78%
2015	0.61%	1.86%
2014	0.6%	1.94%
2013	0.6%	2.03%
2012	0.6%	2.13%
2011	0.61%	2.22%
2010	0.62%	2.33%
2009	0.63%	2.44%
2008	0.65%	2.55%
2007	0.66%	2.68%
2006	0.69%	2.81%
2005	0.71%	2.95%
2004	0.73%	3.1%
2003	0.76%	3.26%
2002	0.79%	3.43%
2001	0.82%	3.62%
2000	0.86%	3.82%
1999	0.89%	4.04%
1998	0.93%	5.01%
1997	0.97%	4.54%
1996	1.01%	4.81%
1995	1.06%	5.09%
1994	1.11%	5.39%
1993	1.16%	5.69%
1992	1.22%	6%
1991	1.28%	6.31%
1990	1.34%	6.62%
1989	1.41%	6.92%
1988	1.49%	7.22%
1987	1.56%	7.53%
1986	1.64%	7.85%
1985	1.73%	8.21%
1984	1.81%	8.62%
1983	1.9%	9.07%
1982	2%	9.58%
1981	2.11%	10.2%
1980	2.22%	10.8%
1979	2.34%	11.5%
1978	2.47%	12.2%
1977	2.62%	12.9%
1976	2.77%	13.7%
1975	2.94%	14.4%
1974	3.11%	15%
1973	3.29%	15.6%
1972	3.47%	18.7%
1971	3.65%	16.6%
1970	3.82%	17.1%
1969	3.97%	17.4%
1968	4.11%	17.8%
1967	4.22%	18.1%
1966	4.31%	18.4%
1965	4.38%	18.7%
1964	4.43%	19%
1963	4.45%	19.2%
1962	4.45%	19.4%
1961	4.44%	19.6%
1960	4.41%	19.8%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.83% in Cuba and 1.34% in Nicaragua. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.