Fertility & birth rates in Cuba and Mexico

Fertility rate in Cuba vs Mexico by year

Chart Table

Cuba

Mexico

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Cuba	Mexico
2023	1.44	1.91
2022	1.41	1.94
2021	1.43	1.97
2020	1.49	1.99
2019	1.54	2.02
2018	1.61	2.03
2017	1.59	2.04
2016	1.6	2.09
2015	1.69	2.14
2014	1.66	2.21
2013	1.68	2.27
2012	1.67	2.29
2011	1.73	2.32
2010	1.67	2.34
2009	1.68	2.36
2008	1.58	2.39
2007	1.44	2.42
2006	1.4	2.46
2005	1.49	2.5
2004	1.55	2.54
2003	1.63	2.58
2002	1.65	2.63
2001	1.6	2.67
2000	1.61	2.71
1999	1.64	2.76
1998	1.62	2.82
1997	1.59	2.89
1996	1.46	2.96
1995	1.48	3.04
1994	1.47	3.13
1993	1.49	3.21
1992	1.56	3.29
1991	1.66	3.36
1990	1.81	3.44
1989	1.83	3.53
1988	1.85	3.64
1987	1.8	3.8
1986	1.78	3.97
1985	1.77	4.09
1984	1.77	4.18
1983	1.8	4.3
1982	1.78	4.43
1981	1.59	4.57
1980	1.64	4.74
1979	1.77	4.96
1978	1.88	5.2
1977	2.21	5.36
1976	2.51	5.54
1975	2.82	5.74
1974	3.16	5.95
1973	3.4	6.12
1972	3.61	6.28
1971	3.8	6.42
1970	3.98	6.53
1969	4.12	6.63
1968	4.19	6.71
1967	4.29	6.75
1966	4.4	6.79
1965	4.5	6.82
1964	4.53	6.83
1963	4.56	6.82
1962	4.42	6.8
1961	4.26	6.78
1960	4.13	6.76

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Cuba was 1.44 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.91 in Mexico in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Cuba vs Mexico population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Cuba

Mexico

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Cuba	Mexico
2023	-15,880	1,238,366
2022	-17,961	1,224,397
2021	-71,616	936,682
2020	-12,808	1,031,637
2019	-4,245	1,357,485
2018	3,436	1,366,076
2017	2,306	1,384,178
2016	9,677	1,445,256
2015	20,464	1,508,439
2014	22,448	1,587,620
2013	29,827	1,642,609
2012	33,864	1,656,599
2011	40,753	1,659,161
2010	37,021	1,658,682
2009	37,543	1,661,180
2008	32,848	1,670,846
2007	24,617	1,684,915
2006	24,508	1,706,084
2005	36,660	1,732,663
2004	44,258	1,759,250
2003	56,170	1,788,016
2002	58,212	1,820,665
2001	57,325	1,836,418
2000	61,133	1,845,383
1999	69,069	1,859,475
1998	71,284	1,871,650
1997	71,828	1,898,383
1996	61,837	1,922,554
1995	66,809	1,941,458
1994	68,604	1,959,775
1993	73,221	1,963,708
1992	83,461	1,956,659
1991	95,398	1,942,832
1990	112,378	1,926,480
1989	114,865	1,927,752
1988	116,626	1,936,601
1987	109,617	1,971,231
1986	105,997	1,998,043
1985	103,228	1,983,622
1984	101,670	1,960,428
1983	101,858	1,939,193
1982	95,866	1,921,772
1981	74,067	1,904,384
1980	74,271	1,893,158
1979	81,192	1,908,018
1978	86,864	1,921,419
1977	106,875	1,902,964
1976	125,383	1,891,958
1975	144,964	1,880,241
1974	165,099	1,868,809
1973	177,387	1,845,593
1972	187,588	1,823,302
1971	195,106	1,790,990
1970	201,823	1,753,370
1969	205,581	1,711,297
1968	205,487	1,671,918
1967	207,245	1,620,534
1966	209,179	1,566,170
1965	211,322	1,508,344
1964	209,315	1,447,360
1963	205,788	1,387,678
1962	196,423	1,328,319
1961	183,806	1,265,833
1960	172,816	1,206,955

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.14% in Cuba and +0.95% in Mexico.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.06% in Cuba and +1.05% in Mexico.

Birth rate in Cuba vs Mexico by year

Chart Table

Cuba

Mexico

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Cuba	Mexico
2023	8.71	15.7
2022	8.66	16
2021	8.81	16.4
2020	9.26	16.6
2019	9.67	16.9
2018	10.2	17
2017	10.1	17.2
2016	10.3	17.7
2015	10.9	18.2
2014	10.9	19
2013	11.2	19.6
2012	11.2	19.9
2011	11.8	20.1
2010	11.4	20.3
2009	11.5	20.6
2008	10.9	20.8
2007	10	21.1
2006	9.87	21.5
2005	10.6	21.9
2004	11.3	22.4
2003	12.1	22.8
2002	12.5	23.4
2001	12.4	23.8
2000	12.9	24.2
1999	13.5	24.6
1998	13.7	25.1
1997	13.8	25.8
1996	13	26.4
1995	13.5	27.1
1994	13.7	27.7
1993	14.1	28.3
1992	15	28.7
1991	16.1	29.1
1990	17.6	29.4
1989	17.8	29.9
1988	18	30.4
1987	17.3	31.4
1986	17	32.3
1985	16.7	32.7
1984	16.5	33.1
1983	16.5	33.4
1982	15.9	33.9
1981	13.9	34.3
1980	13.9	35
1979	14.6	36.2
1978	15.1	37.4
1977	17.3	38.1
1976	19.4	39.1
1975	21.6	40.1
1974	24.1	41.2
1973	25.8	42.1
1972	27.2	43
1971	28.5	43.9
1970	29.9	44.5
1969	31	45.1
1968	31.6	45.6
1967	32.5	45.9
1966	33.4	46.3
1965	34.4	46.5
1964	34.9	46.8
1963	35.4	46.8
1962	34.6	46.8
1961	33.7	46.8
1960	32.8	46.9

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8.71 in Cuba and 15.7 in Mexico, compared with 32.8 and 46.9, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Cuba

Factual

UN forecast

Mexico

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Cuba	Mexico
2100	10.9%	13.3%
2099	10.9%	13.3%
2098	10.9%	13.3%
2097	10.9%	13.3%
2096	10.9%	13.4%
2095	10.9%	13.4%
2094	10.9%	13.4%
2093	10.9%	13.5%
2092	10.9%	13.5%
2091	10.9%	13.5%
2090	11%	13.6%
2089	11%	13.6%
2088	11%	13.7%
2087	11%	13.7%
2086	11%	13.8%
2085	11%	13.8%
2084	11%	13.9%
2083	11%	14%
2082	11.1%	14%
2081	11.1%	14.1%
2080	11.1%	14.1%
2079	11.1%	14.2%
2078	11.1%	14.3%
2077	11.1%	14.3%
2076	11.1%	14.4%
2075	11.1%	14.5%
2074	11.1%	14.6%
2073	11.1%	14.6%
2072	11.1%	14.7%
2071	11.2%	14.8%
2070	11.2%	14.9%
2069	11.2%	15%
2068	11.2%	15.1%
2067	11.2%	15.2%
2066	11.2%	15.3%
2065	11.2%	15.4%
2064	11.2%	15.5%
2063	11.3%	15.6%
2062	11.3%	15.7%
2061	11.3%	15.8%
2060	11.3%	16%
2059	11.4%	16.1%
2058	11.4%	16.2%
2057	11.5%	16.4%
2056	11.5%	16.5%
2055	11.5%	16.7%
2054	11.6%	16.9%
2053	11.7%	17%
2052	11.7%	17.2%
2051	11.8%	17.4%
2050	11.9%	17.6%
2049	11.9%	17.8%
2048	12%	17.9%
2047	12%	18.1%
2046	12.1%	18.3%
2045	12.2%	18.5%
2044	12.2%	18.7%
2043	12.3%	18.9%
2042	12.3%	19.1%
2041	12.4%	19.3%
2040	12.4%	19.5%
2039	12.5%	19.7%
2038	12.5%	20%
2037	12.6%	20.2%
2036	12.6%	20.5%
2035	12.7%	20.7%
2034	12.9%	21%
2033	13.1%	21.3%
2032	13.3%	21.6%
2031	13.5%	21.9%
2030	13.8%	22.2%
2029	14%	22.6%
2028	14.3%	23%
2027	14.6%	23.5%
2026	14.9%	23.9%
2025	15.2%	24.3%
2024	15.3%	24.5%
2023	15.5%	24.9%
2022	15.7%	25.3%
2021	15.8%	25.7%
2020	15.8%	26%
2019	16%	26.3%
2018	16.1%	26.7%
2017	16.3%	27.2%
2016	16.5%	27.6%
2015	16.7%	28%
2014	16.9%	28.3%
2013	17.1%	28.7%
2012	17.3%	29%
2011	17.5%	29.4%
2010	17.7%	29.8%
2009	17.9%	30.2%
2008	18.2%	30.6%
2007	18.5%	31.1%
2006	18.9%	31.6%
2005	19.4%	32.1%
2004	19.8%	32.5%
2003	20.2%	33%
2002	20.6%	33.4%
2001	20.9%	33.9%
2000	21.3%	34.3%
1999	21.5%	34.8%
1998	21.8%	35.2%
1997	22%	35.6%
1996	22.1%	36%
1995	22.1%	36.5%
1994	22.1%	36.9%
1993	22.2%	37.3%
1992	22.4%	37.8%
1991	22.5%	38.4%
1990	22.8%	39%
1989	23.1%	39.7%
1988	23.6%	40.3%
1987	24.3%	41%
1986	25.2%	41.6%
1985	26.1%	42.3%
1984	27.1%	43%
1983	28.1%	43.7%
1982	29.3%	44.4%
1981	30.5%	45.2%
1980	31.9%	45.8%
1979	33.2%	46.3%
1978	34.3%	46.7%
1977	35.4%	47%
1976	36.2%	47.2%
1975	36.8%	47.5%
1974	37.3%	47.6%
1973	37.6%	47.7%
1972	37.8%	47.7%
1971	37.9%	47.8%
1970	38%	47.7%
1969	37.9%	47.7%
1968	37.8%	47.6%
1967	37.7%	47.6%
1966	37.5%	47.5%
1965	37.3%	47.4%
1964	37.1%	47.3%
1963	36.8%	47.2%
1962	36.5%	47.1%
1961	36.2%	47%
1960	36%	46.8%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.3% of the population in Cuba and 24.5% in Mexico in 2024, compared to 22.8% and 39% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Cuba and Mexico compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Cuba vs Mexico

Chart Table

Cuba

Mexico

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Cuba	Mexico
2023	35	42
2022	41	45
2021	172	104
2020	40	61
2019	40	43
2018	39	44
2017	39	44
2016	40	43
2015	41	43
2014	42	44
2013	42	45
2012	42	46
2011	44	47
2010	44	50
2009	45	51
2008	44	51
2007	42	50
2006	42	51
2005	43	52
2004	44	53
2003	44	54
2002	45	55
2001	46	55
2000	48	56
1999	51	58
1998	54	60
1997	57	62
1996	59	64
1995	62	66
1994	64	69
1993	65	71
1992	66	73
1991	66	77
1990	66	81
1989	66	85
1988	68	88
1987	69	93
1986	70	100
1985	70	107

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 35 deaths per 100,000 live births in Cuba, compared to 42 deaths in Mexico.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Cuba

Mexico

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Cuba	Mexico
2023	0.83%	1.25%
2022	0.79%	1.29%
2021	0.76%	1.33%
2020	0.72%	1.38%
2019	0.69%	1.42%
2018	0.66%	1.47%
2017	0.64%	1.52%
2016	0.62%	1.57%
2015	0.61%	1.62%
2014	0.6%	1.68%
2013	0.6%	1.73%
2012	0.6%	1.79%
2011	0.61%	1.85%
2010	0.62%	1.91%
2009	0.63%	1.98%
2008	0.65%	2.04%
2007	0.66%	2.11%
2006	0.69%	2.19%
2005	0.71%	2.27%
2004	0.73%	2.36%
2003	0.76%	2.46%
2002	0.79%	2.57%
2001	0.82%	2.68%
2000	0.86%	2.81%
1999	0.89%	2.94%
1998	0.93%	3.09%
1997	0.97%	3.24%
1996	1.01%	3.4%
1995	1.06%	3.57%
1994	1.11%	3.74%
1993	1.16%	3.92%
1992	1.22%	4.12%
1991	1.28%	4.32%
1990	1.34%	4.53%
1989	1.41%	4.75%
1988	1.49%	4.98%
1987	1.56%	5.21%
1986	1.64%	5.46%
1985	1.73%	5.71%
1984	1.81%	5.98%
1983	1.9%	6.26%
1982	2%	6.55%
1981	2.11%	6.86%
1980	2.22%	7.18%
1979	2.34%	7.51%
1978	2.47%	7.85%
1977	2.62%	8.18%
1976	2.77%	8.52%
1975	2.94%	8.86%
1974	3.11%	9.21%
1973	3.29%	9.56%
1972	3.47%	9.93%
1971	3.65%	10.3%
1970	3.82%	10.7%
1969	3.97%	11.1%
1968	4.11%	11.5%
1967	4.22%	11.9%
1966	4.31%	12.3%
1965	4.38%	12.7%
1964	4.43%	13.2%
1963	4.45%	13.7%
1962	4.45%	14.3%
1961	4.44%	14.8%
1960	4.41%	15.5%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.83% in Cuba and 1.25% in Mexico. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.