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Fertility & birth rates in Cuba and Malawi

Updated on by Georank team

Cuba has an annual birth rate of 8.71 births per 1,000 people, compared to 31.4 for Malawi. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 1.44 in Cuba and 3.65 in Malawi — 153.5% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -65.1% in Cuba and by -48.2% in Malawi — in 1960, it was 4.13 and 7.04, respectively.

Birth rates facts compared:

  • Cuba is ranked 167/196 by birth rate compared to 25/196 for Malawi.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 26.2 in Cuba — it's 27.6 in Malawi.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 48.7 in Cuba vs 113.6 in Malawi.
  • In Cuba, 21.2% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 26.2% in Malawi.
  • Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.14% in Cuba and +2.6% in Malawi.

Birth rate data compared

Cuba Malawi
Fertility rate 1.44 3.65
Birth rate 8.71 31.4
Birth rate rank 167/196 25/196
Age at first childbirth n/a 19.1 years
Average age at childbearing 26.2 years 27.6 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 47.7 112.9
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 80.6 171.4
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 7.32 51.6
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 21.2% 26.2%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 60.1% 64.7%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 100% 96.4%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.04% 0.23%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 0.42% 1.88%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 0.66% 2.94%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births 0.83% 3.83%
Population change due to births and deaths -15,880 +549,096
Natural population change rank 173/196 35/196
Natural population change rate -0.14% +2.6%
Population growth -0.36% +2.61%
Population growth rank 180/197 27/197
Life expectancy 78.4 years 67.7 years

Fertility rate in Cuba vs Malawi chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Cuba was 1.44 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.65 in Malawi in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Cuba vs Malawi population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Cuba
Factual

UN forecast
Malawi
Factual

UN forecast

Births per woman

Year Fertility rate
Cuba Malawi
1960 4.13 7.04
1961 4.26 7.07
1962 4.42 7.1
1963 4.56 7.13
1964 4.53 7.11
1965 4.5 7.13
1966 4.4 7.17
1967 4.29 7.21
1968 4.19 7.26
1969 4.12 7.27
1970 3.98 7.3
1971 3.8 7.31
1972 3.61 7.33
1973 3.4 7.34
1974 3.16 7.34
1975 2.82 7.36
1976 2.51 7.39
1977 2.21 7.41
1978 1.88 7.43
1979 1.77 7.47
1980 1.64 7.52
1981 1.59 7.49
1982 1.78 7.45
1983 1.8 7.36
1984 1.77 7.27
1985 1.77 7.17
1986 1.78 7.07
1987 1.8 6.97
1988 1.85 6.88
1989 1.83 6.8
1990 1.81 6.74
1991 1.66 6.68
1992 1.56 6.63
1993 1.49 6.57
1994 1.47 6.49
1995 1.48 6.39
1996 1.46 6.29
1997 1.59 6.23
1998 1.62 6.21
1999 1.64 6.12
2000 1.61 6
2001 1.6 5.94
2002 1.65 5.9
2003 1.63 5.88
2004 1.55 5.86
2005 1.49 5.85
2006 1.4 5.8
2007 1.44 5.72
2008 1.58 5.61
2009 1.68 5.45
2010 1.67 5.26
2011 1.73 5.08
2012 1.67 4.9
2013 1.68 4.76
2014 1.66 4.57
2015 1.69 4.38
2016 1.6 4.22
2017 1.59 4.11
2018 1.61 4.02
2019 1.54 3.95
2020 1.49 3.88
2021 1.43 3.79
2022 1.41 3.72
2023 1.44 3.65
2024 1.45 3.59
2025 1.45 3.53
2026 1.45 3.45
2027 1.46 3.39
2028 1.46 3.33
2029 1.46 3.29
2030 1.47 3.23
2031 1.47 3.18
2032 1.47 3.13
2033 1.48 3.09
2034 1.48 3.05
2035 1.49 3.01
2036 1.49 2.97
2037 1.49 2.93
2038 1.49 2.89
2039 1.49 2.86
2040 1.49 2.82
2041 1.49 2.79
2042 1.5 2.76
2043 1.5 2.73
2044 1.5 2.7
2045 1.5 2.67
2046 1.51 2.64
2047 1.51 2.61
2048 1.51 2.59
2049 1.51 2.57
2050 1.51 2.54

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Cuba
Factual

UN forecast
Malawi
Factual

UN forecast
Year Share of people 0-14 years old
Cuba Malawi
1960 36% 43.1%
1961 36.2% 42.9%
1962 36.5% 42.8%
1963 36.8% 42.9%
1964 37.1% 43%
1965 37.3% 43.2%
1966 37.5% 43.4%
1967 37.7% 43.7%
1968 37.8% 43.9%
1969 37.9% 44.2%
1970 38% 44.4%
1971 37.9% 44.6%
1972 37.8% 44.8%
1973 37.6% 44.9%
1974 37.3% 45.1%
1975 36.8% 45.2%
1976 36.2% 45.2%
1977 35.4% 45.3%
1978 34.3% 45.3%
1979 33.2% 45.3%
1980 31.9% 45.4%
1981 30.5% 45.4%
1982 29.3% 45.4%
1983 28.1% 45.5%
1984 27.1% 45.5%
1985 26.1% 45.4%
1986 25.2% 45.4%
1987 24.3% 45.1%
1988 23.6% 45%
1989 23.1% 45.2%
1990 22.8% 45.4%
1991 22.5% 45.6%
1992 22.4% 45.8%
1993 22.2% 46%
1994 22.1% 46.1%
1995 22.1% 46.1%
1996 22.1% 46.2%
1997 22% 46.2%
1998 21.8% 46.2%
1999 21.5% 46.2%
2000 21.3% 46.2%
2001 20.9% 46.1%
2002 20.6% 46.1%
2003 20.2% 46.1%
2004 19.8% 46%
2005 19.4% 46%
2006 18.9% 46.1%
2007 18.5% 46.1%
2008 18.2% 46.1%
2009 17.9% 46.2%
2010 17.7% 46.2%
2011 17.5% 46.2%
2012 17.3% 46.1%
2013 17.1% 46%
2014 16.9% 45.7%
2015 16.7% 45.4%
2016 16.5% 45.1%
2017 16.3% 44.6%
2018 16.1% 44.2%
2019 16% 43.7%
2020 15.8% 43.1%
2021 15.8% 42.5%
2022 15.7% 41.9%
2023 15.5% 41.3%
2024 15.3% 40.7%
2025 15% 40.1%
2026 14.7% 39.6%
2027 14.4% 39.1%
2028 14.1% 38.6%
2029 13.9% 38.1%
2030 13.6% 37.7%
2031 13.4% 37.4%
2032 13.2% 37%
2033 13% 36.7%
2034 12.8% 36.4%
2035 12.7% 36%
2036 12.6% 35.7%
2037 12.6% 35.3%
2038 12.5% 35%
2039 12.4% 34.6%
2040 12.4% 34.2%
2041 12.3% 33.9%
2042 12.3% 33.5%
2043 12.2% 33.1%
2044 12.2% 32.7%
2045 12.1% 32.3%
2046 12.1% 31.9%
2047 12% 31.5%
2048 12% 31.2%
2049 11.9% 30.8%
2050 11.8% 30.5%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.3% of the population in Cuba and 40.7% in Malawi in 2024, compared to 22.8% and 45.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Cuba and Malawi compared.

Natural population change in Cuba vs Malawi by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been -0.06% in Cuba and +2.67% in Malawi. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Cuba
Malawi

Natural population change

Year Population change due to births and deaths
Cuba Malawi
1960 172,816 85,718
1961 183,806 89,091
1962 196,423 92,463
1963 205,788 95,933
1964 209,315 97,658
1965 211,322 100,040
1966 209,179 103,512
1967 207,245 106,668
1968 205,487 110,329
1969 205,581 113,120
1970 201,823 116,822
1971 195,106 121,015
1972 187,588 125,728
1973 177,387 131,529
1974 165,099 137,819
1975 144,964 145,254
1976 125,383 153,422
1977 106,875 161,930
1978 86,864 172,503
1979 81,192 182,123
1980 74,271 192,746
1981 74,067 199,436
1982 95,866 205,386
1983 101,858 209,422
1984 101,670 212,146
1985 103,228 216,179
1986 105,997 218,519
1987 109,617 220,566
1988 116,626 226,911
1989 114,865 237,967
1990 112,378 250,159
1991 95,398 260,193
1992 83,461 269,066
1993 73,221 276,538
1994 68,604 275,439
1995 66,809 266,745
1996 61,837 270,048
1997 71,828 277,433
1998 71,284 285,407
1999 69,069 295,629
2000 61,133 300,439
2001 57,325 310,833
2002 58,212 322,863
2003 56,170 341,133
2004 44,258 361,133
2005 36,660 381,130
2006 24,508 397,123
2007 24,617 410,290
2008 32,848 421,781
2009 37,543 434,811
2010 37,021 444,468
2011 40,753 454,149
2012 33,864 460,684
2013 29,827 470,293
2014 22,448 472,418
2015 20,464 472,484
2016 9,677 474,779
2017 2,306 484,655
2018 3,436 494,348
2019 -4,245 506,104
2020 -12,808 514,659
2021 -71,616 517,400
2022 -17,961 533,450
2023 -15,880 549,096

Fertility rates around the globe

Fertility rate

Maternal mortality chart: Cuba vs Malawi

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 35 deaths per 100,000 live births in Cuba, compared to 225 deaths in Malawi.

Cuba
Malawi
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
Cuba Malawi
1985 70 1,115
1986 70 1,118
1987 69 1,123
1988 68 1,154
1989 66 1,136
1990 66 1,112
1991 66 1,080
1992 66 1,042
1993 65 1,000
1994 64 912
1995 62 782
1996 59 713
1997 57 672
1998 54 658
1999 51 576
2000 48 506
2001 46 447
2002 45 404
2003 44 346
2004 44 304
2005 43 283
2006 42 286
2007 42 333
2008 44 430
2009 45 512
2010 44 517
2011 44 486
2012 42 447
2013 42 410
2014 42 367
2015 41 354
2016 40 312
2017 39 284
2018 39 267
2019 40 260
2020 40 256
2021 172 286
2022 41 239
2023 35 225

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.83% in Cuba and 3.83% in Malawi. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Cuba
Malawi

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

Year Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
Cuba Malawi
1960 4.41% -
1961 4.44% 35.9%
1962 4.45% 35.8%
1963 4.45% 35.7%
1964 4.43% 35.5%
1965 4.38% 35.4%
1966 4.31% 35.3%
1967 4.22% 35.1%
1968 4.11% 35%
1969 3.97% 34.7%
1970 3.82% 34.4%
1971 3.65% 33.9%
1972 3.47% 33.2%
1973 3.29% 32.4%
1974 3.11% 31.5%
1975 2.94% 30.6%
1976 2.77% 29.7%
1977 2.62% 28.7%
1978 2.47% 27.6%
1979 2.34% 26.5%
1980 2.22% 25.6%
1981 2.11% 24.9%
1982 2% 24.5%
1983 1.9% 24.5%
1984 1.81% 24.8%
1985 1.73% 25.1%
1986 1.64% 25.4%
1987 1.56% 25.5%
1988 1.49% 25.3%
1989 1.41% 24.9%
1990 1.34% 24.3%
1991 1.28% 23.6%
1992 1.22% 22.8%
1993 1.16% 22%
1994 1.11% 21.3%
1995 1.06% 20.7%
1996 1.01% 20.2%
1997 0.97% 19.7%
1998 0.93% 19.2%
1999 0.89% 18.4%
2000 0.86% 17.3%
2001 0.82% 16%
2002 0.79% 14.6%
2003 0.76% 13.2%
2004 0.73% 11.9%
2005 0.71% 11%
2006 0.69% 10.3%
2007 0.66% 9.83%
2008 0.65% 9.31%
2009 0.63% 8.81%
2010 0.62% 8.3%
2011 0.61% 7.67%
2012 0.6% 6.98%
2013 0.6% 6.4%
2014 0.6% 6.02%
2015 0.61% 5.67%
2016 0.62% 5.35%
2017 0.64% 5.06%
2018 0.66% 4.75%
2019 0.69% 4.55%
2020 0.72% 4.31%
2021 0.76% 4.15%
2022 0.79% 3.99%
2023 0.83% 3.83%

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Birth rate comparisons

Birth rate vs Cuba vs Malawi
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