Fertility & birth rates in Cuba and Malawi

Fertility rate in Cuba vs Malawi by year

Chart Table

Cuba

Malawi

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Cuba	Malawi
2023	1.44	3.65
2022	1.41	3.72
2021	1.43	3.79
2020	1.49	3.88
2019	1.54	3.95
2018	1.61	4.02
2017	1.59	4.11
2016	1.6	4.22
2015	1.69	4.38
2014	1.66	4.57
2013	1.68	4.76
2012	1.67	4.9
2011	1.73	5.08
2010	1.67	5.26
2009	1.68	5.45
2008	1.58	5.61
2007	1.44	5.72
2006	1.4	5.8
2005	1.49	5.85
2004	1.55	5.86
2003	1.63	5.88
2002	1.65	5.9
2001	1.6	5.94
2000	1.61	6
1999	1.64	6.12
1998	1.62	6.21
1997	1.59	6.23
1996	1.46	6.29
1995	1.48	6.39
1994	1.47	6.49
1993	1.49	6.57
1992	1.56	6.63
1991	1.66	6.68
1990	1.81	6.74
1989	1.83	6.8
1988	1.85	6.88
1987	1.8	6.97
1986	1.78	7.07
1985	1.77	7.17
1984	1.77	7.27
1983	1.8	7.36
1982	1.78	7.45
1981	1.59	7.49
1980	1.64	7.52
1979	1.77	7.47
1978	1.88	7.43
1977	2.21	7.41
1976	2.51	7.39
1975	2.82	7.36
1974	3.16	7.34
1973	3.4	7.34
1972	3.61	7.33
1971	3.8	7.31
1970	3.98	7.3
1969	4.12	7.27
1968	4.19	7.26
1967	4.29	7.21
1966	4.4	7.17
1965	4.5	7.13
1964	4.53	7.11
1963	4.56	7.13
1962	4.42	7.1
1961	4.26	7.07
1960	4.13	7.04

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Cuba was 1.44 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.65 in Malawi in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Cuba vs Malawi population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Cuba

Malawi

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Cuba	Malawi
2023	-15,880	549,096
2022	-17,961	533,450
2021	-71,616	517,400
2020	-12,808	514,659
2019	-4,245	506,104
2018	3,436	494,348
2017	2,306	484,655
2016	9,677	474,779
2015	20,464	472,484
2014	22,448	472,418
2013	29,827	470,293
2012	33,864	460,684
2011	40,753	454,149
2010	37,021	444,468
2009	37,543	434,811
2008	32,848	421,781
2007	24,617	410,290
2006	24,508	397,123
2005	36,660	381,130
2004	44,258	361,133
2003	56,170	341,133
2002	58,212	322,863
2001	57,325	310,833
2000	61,133	300,439
1999	69,069	295,629
1998	71,284	285,407
1997	71,828	277,433
1996	61,837	270,048
1995	66,809	266,745
1994	68,604	275,439
1993	73,221	276,538
1992	83,461	269,066
1991	95,398	260,193
1990	112,378	250,159
1989	114,865	237,967
1988	116,626	226,911
1987	109,617	220,566
1986	105,997	218,519
1985	103,228	216,179
1984	101,670	212,146
1983	101,858	209,422
1982	95,866	205,386
1981	74,067	199,436
1980	74,271	192,746
1979	81,192	182,123
1978	86,864	172,503
1977	106,875	161,930
1976	125,383	153,422
1975	144,964	145,254
1974	165,099	137,819
1973	177,387	131,529
1972	187,588	125,728
1971	195,106	121,015
1970	201,823	116,822
1969	205,581	113,120
1968	205,487	110,329
1967	207,245	106,668
1966	209,179	103,512
1965	211,322	100,040
1964	209,315	97,658
1963	205,788	95,933
1962	196,423	92,463
1961	183,806	89,091
1960	172,816	85,718

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.14% in Cuba and +2.6% in Malawi.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.06% in Cuba and +2.67% in Malawi.

Birth rate in Cuba vs Malawi by year

Chart Table

Cuba

Malawi

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Cuba	Malawi
2023	8.71	31.4
2022	8.66	31.7
2021	8.81	32.1
2020	9.26	32.5
2019	9.67	32.9
2018	10.2	33.2
2017	10.1	33.7
2016	10.3	34.2
2015	10.9	35.3
2014	10.9	36.5
2013	11.2	37.7
2012	11.2	38.6
2011	11.8	39.7
2010	11.4	40.7
2009	11.5	41.7
2008	10.9	42.6
2007	10	43.3
2006	9.87	43.8
2005	10.6	44
2004	11.3	44
2003	12.1	43.9
2002	12.5	44
2001	12.4	44.2
2000	12.9	44.6
1999	13.5	45.4
1998	13.7	45.9
1997	13.8	46
1996	13	46.2
1995	13.5	46.8
1994	13.7	48.4
1993	14.1	48.4
1992	15	48.1
1991	16.1	48.4
1990	17.6	48.4
1989	17.8	48.5
1988	18	48.8
1987	17.3	48.6
1986	17	49.8
1985	16.7	50.4
1984	16.5	50.8
1983	16.5	51.4
1982	15.9	52
1981	13.9	52.4
1980	13.9	52.7
1979	14.6	52.4
1978	15.1	52.4
1977	17.3	52.4
1976	19.4	52.6
1975	21.6	52.7
1974	24.1	52.9
1973	25.8	53.2
1972	27.2	53.5
1971	28.5	53.7
1970	29.9	54
1969	31	54.1
1968	31.6	54.4
1967	32.5	54.3
1966	33.4	54.3
1965	34.4	54.1
1964	34.9	54.2
1963	35.4	54.4
1962	34.6	54.2
1961	33.7	54
1960	32.8	53.7

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8.71 in Cuba and 31.4 in Malawi, compared with 32.8 and 53.7, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Cuba

Factual

UN forecast

Malawi

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Cuba	Malawi
2100	10.9%	19.9%
2099	10.9%	20%
2098	10.9%	20.2%
2097	10.9%	20.3%
2096	10.9%	20.4%
2095	10.9%	20.6%
2094	10.9%	20.7%
2093	10.9%	20.9%
2092	10.9%	21%
2091	10.9%	21.2%
2090	11%	21.3%
2089	11%	21.5%
2088	11%	21.6%
2087	11%	21.8%
2086	11%	22%
2085	11%	22.1%
2084	11%	22.3%
2083	11%	22.5%
2082	11.1%	22.7%
2081	11.1%	22.9%
2080	11.1%	23.1%
2079	11.1%	23.2%
2078	11.1%	23.4%
2077	11.1%	23.6%
2076	11.1%	23.8%
2075	11.1%	24.1%
2074	11.1%	24.3%
2073	11.1%	24.5%
2072	11.1%	24.7%
2071	11.2%	24.9%
2070	11.2%	25.2%
2069	11.2%	25.4%
2068	11.2%	25.6%
2067	11.2%	25.9%
2066	11.2%	26.1%
2065	11.2%	26.3%
2064	11.2%	26.6%
2063	11.3%	26.8%
2062	11.3%	27.1%
2061	11.3%	27.3%
2060	11.3%	27.6%
2059	11.4%	27.9%
2058	11.4%	28.1%
2057	11.5%	28.4%
2056	11.5%	28.7%
2055	11.5%	29%
2054	11.6%	29.3%
2053	11.7%	29.6%
2052	11.7%	29.9%
2051	11.8%	30.3%
2050	11.9%	30.6%
2049	11.9%	31%
2048	12%	31.4%
2047	12%	31.7%
2046	12.1%	32.1%
2045	12.2%	32.5%
2044	12.2%	32.9%
2043	12.3%	33.3%
2042	12.3%	33.7%
2041	12.4%	34%
2040	12.4%	34.4%
2039	12.5%	34.8%
2038	12.5%	35.1%
2037	12.6%	35.5%
2036	12.6%	35.9%
2035	12.7%	36.2%
2034	12.9%	36.5%
2033	13.1%	36.9%
2032	13.3%	37.2%
2031	13.5%	37.5%
2030	13.8%	37.9%
2029	14%	38.3%
2028	14.3%	38.8%
2027	14.6%	39.3%
2026	14.9%	39.9%
2025	15.2%	40.4%
2024	15.3%	40.7%
2023	15.5%	41.3%
2022	15.7%	41.9%
2021	15.8%	42.5%
2020	15.8%	43.1%
2019	16%	43.7%
2018	16.1%	44.2%
2017	16.3%	44.6%
2016	16.5%	45.1%
2015	16.7%	45.4%
2014	16.9%	45.7%
2013	17.1%	46%
2012	17.3%	46.1%
2011	17.5%	46.2%
2010	17.7%	46.2%
2009	17.9%	46.2%
2008	18.2%	46.1%
2007	18.5%	46.1%
2006	18.9%	46.1%
2005	19.4%	46%
2004	19.8%	46%
2003	20.2%	46.1%
2002	20.6%	46.1%
2001	20.9%	46.1%
2000	21.3%	46.2%
1999	21.5%	46.2%
1998	21.8%	46.2%
1997	22%	46.2%
1996	22.1%	46.2%
1995	22.1%	46.1%
1994	22.1%	46.1%
1993	22.2%	46%
1992	22.4%	45.8%
1991	22.5%	45.6%
1990	22.8%	45.4%
1989	23.1%	45.2%
1988	23.6%	45%
1987	24.3%	45.1%
1986	25.2%	45.4%
1985	26.1%	45.4%
1984	27.1%	45.5%
1983	28.1%	45.5%
1982	29.3%	45.4%
1981	30.5%	45.4%
1980	31.9%	45.4%
1979	33.2%	45.3%
1978	34.3%	45.3%
1977	35.4%	45.3%
1976	36.2%	45.2%
1975	36.8%	45.2%
1974	37.3%	45.1%
1973	37.6%	44.9%
1972	37.8%	44.8%
1971	37.9%	44.6%
1970	38%	44.4%
1969	37.9%	44.2%
1968	37.8%	43.9%
1967	37.7%	43.7%
1966	37.5%	43.4%
1965	37.3%	43.2%
1964	37.1%	43%
1963	36.8%	42.9%
1962	36.5%	42.8%
1961	36.2%	42.9%
1960	36%	43.1%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.3% of the population in Cuba and 40.7% in Malawi in 2024, compared to 22.8% and 45.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Cuba and Malawi compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Cuba vs Malawi

Chart Table

Cuba

Malawi

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Cuba	Malawi
2023	35	225
2022	41	239
2021	172	286
2020	40	256
2019	40	260
2018	39	267
2017	39	284
2016	40	312
2015	41	354
2014	42	367
2013	42	410
2012	42	447
2011	44	486
2010	44	517
2009	45	512
2008	44	430
2007	42	333
2006	42	286
2005	43	283
2004	44	304
2003	44	346
2002	45	404
2001	46	447
2000	48	506
1999	51	576
1998	54	658
1997	57	672
1996	59	713
1995	62	782
1994	64	912
1993	65	1,000
1992	66	1,042
1991	66	1,080
1990	66	1,112
1989	66	1,136
1988	68	1,154
1987	69	1,123
1986	70	1,118
1985	70	1,115

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 35 deaths per 100,000 live births in Cuba, compared to 225 deaths in Malawi.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Cuba

Malawi

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Cuba	Malawi
2023	0.83%	3.83%
2022	0.79%	3.99%
2021	0.76%	4.15%
2020	0.72%	4.31%
2019	0.69%	4.55%
2018	0.66%	4.75%
2017	0.64%	5.06%
2016	0.62%	5.35%
2015	0.61%	5.67%
2014	0.6%	6.02%
2013	0.6%	6.4%
2012	0.6%	6.98%
2011	0.61%	7.67%
2010	0.62%	8.3%
2009	0.63%	8.81%
2008	0.65%	9.31%
2007	0.66%	9.83%
2006	0.69%	10.3%
2005	0.71%	11%
2004	0.73%	11.9%
2003	0.76%	13.2%
2002	0.79%	14.6%
2001	0.82%	16%
2000	0.86%	17.3%
1999	0.89%	18.4%
1998	0.93%	19.2%
1997	0.97%	19.7%
1996	1.01%	20.2%
1995	1.06%	20.7%
1994	1.11%	21.3%
1993	1.16%	22%
1992	1.22%	22.8%
1991	1.28%	23.6%
1990	1.34%	24.3%
1989	1.41%	24.9%
1988	1.49%	25.3%
1987	1.56%	25.5%
1986	1.64%	25.4%
1985	1.73%	25.1%
1984	1.81%	24.8%
1983	1.9%	24.5%
1982	2%	24.5%
1981	2.11%	24.9%
1980	2.22%	25.6%
1979	2.34%	26.5%
1978	2.47%	27.6%
1977	2.62%	28.7%
1976	2.77%	29.7%
1975	2.94%	30.6%
1974	3.11%	31.5%
1973	3.29%	32.4%
1972	3.47%	33.2%
1971	3.65%	33.9%
1970	3.82%	34.4%
1969	3.97%	34.7%
1968	4.11%	35%
1967	4.22%	35.1%
1966	4.31%	35.3%
1965	4.38%	35.4%
1964	4.43%	35.5%
1963	4.45%	35.7%
1962	4.45%	35.8%
1961	4.44%	35.9%
1960	4.41%	-

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.83% in Cuba and 3.83% in Malawi. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.