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Fertility & birth rates in Cuba and Mali

Updated on by Georank team

Cuba has an annual birth rate of 8.71 births per 1,000 people, compared to 40 for Mali. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 1.44 in Cuba and 5.61 in Mali — 290.1% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by 65.1% in Cuba and by 20% in Mali — in 1960, it was 4.13 and 7.02, respectively.

  • Cuba is ranked 167/196 by birth rate compared to 6/196 for Mali.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 26.3 in Cuba — it's 28.8 in Mali.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 48.7 in Cuba vs 138.6 in Mali.
  • In Cuba, 21.2% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 22.6% in Mali.

Fertility rate in Cuba vs Mali by year

Cuba
Mali
1x
Year Fertility rate
Cuba Mali
2023 1.44 5.61
2022 1.41 5.69
2021 1.43 5.78
2020 1.49 5.85
2019 1.54 5.89
2018 1.61 6.12
2017 1.59 6.25
2016 1.6 6.32
2015 1.69 6.39
2014 1.66 6.44
2013 1.68 6.49
2012 1.67 6.52
2011 1.73 6.55
2010 1.67 6.58
2009 1.68 6.59
2008 1.58 6.62
2007 1.44 6.65
2006 1.4 6.68
2005 1.49 6.71
2004 1.55 6.74
2003 1.63 6.78
2002 1.65 6.82
2001 1.6 6.85
2000 1.61 6.89
1999 1.64 6.91
1998 1.62 6.94
1997 1.59 6.97
1996 1.46 7.01
1995 1.48 7.05
1994 1.47 7.12
1993 1.49 7.18
1992 1.56 7.24
1991 1.66 7.28
1990 1.81 7.31
1989 1.83 7.33
1988 1.85 7.32
1987 1.8 7.31
1986 1.78 7.31
1985 1.77 7.26
1984 1.77 7.26
1983 1.8 7.28
1982 1.78 7.32
1981 1.59 7.37
1980 1.64 7.37
1979 1.77 7.35
1978 1.88 7.32
1977 2.21 7.3
1976 2.51 7.27
1975 2.82 7.25
1974 3.16 7.23
1973 3.4 7.22
1972 3.61 7.22
1971 3.8 7.2
1970 3.98 7.18
1969 4.12 7.18
1968 4.19 7.16
1967 4.29 7.14
1966 4.4 7.11
1965 4.5 7.08
1964 4.53 7.06
1963 4.56 7.05
1962 4.42 7.04
1961 4.26 7.03
1960 4.13 7.02

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/cuba/mali | CC BY

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Cuba was 1.44 children per woman in 2023, compared to 5.61 in Mali in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Cuba vs Mali population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Cuba
Mali
1x
Year Natural population change
Cuba Mali
2023 -15,880 746,398
2022 -17,961 726,465
2021 -71,616 703,674
2020 -12,808 683,053
2019 -4,245 667,110
2018 3,436 670,723
2017 2,306 661,973
2016 9,677 645,652
2015 20,464 630,006
2014 22,448 614,419
2013 29,827 597,887
2012 33,864 588,748
2011 40,753 570,899
2010 37,021 554,447
2009 37,543 533,730
2008 32,848 514,665
2007 24,617 495,800
2006 24,508 477,665
2005 36,660 460,964
2004 44,258 439,717
2003 56,170 417,766
2002 58,212 396,732
2001 57,325 376,472
2000 61,133 359,159
1999 69,069 343,705
1998 71,284 323,940
1997 71,828 308,429
1996 61,837 293,953
1995 66,809 285,598
1994 68,604 282,356
1993 73,221 274,480
1992 83,461 267,605
1991 95,398 261,656
1990 112,378 252,308
1989 114,865 249,929
1988 116,626 245,682
1987 109,617 238,871
1986 105,997 233,799
1985 103,228 224,734
1984 101,670 218,078
1983 101,858 211,795
1982 95,866 204,892
1981 74,067 198,227
1980 74,271 190,560
1979 81,192 182,449
1978 86,864 172,652
1977 106,875 165,071
1976 125,383 157,778
1975 144,964 150,222
1974 165,099 142,448
1973 177,387 135,801
1972 187,588 129,687
1971 195,106 123,591
1970 201,823 118,952
1969 205,581 114,361
1968 205,487 111,403
1967 207,245 107,650
1966 209,179 103,684
1965 211,322 100,451
1964 209,315 97,166
1963 205,788 95,055
1962 196,423 93,101
1961 183,806 91,115
1960 172,816 88,802

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/cuba/mali | CC BY

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.14% in Cuba and +3.14% in Mali.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.06% in Cuba and +3.25% in Mali.

Birth rate in Cuba vs Mali by year

Cuba
Mali

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x
Year Annual births per 1,000 people
Cuba Mali
2023 8.71 40
2022 8.66 40.3
2021 8.81 40.7
2020 9.26 41
2019 9.67 41.1
2018 10.2 42.6
2017 10.1 43.4
2016 10.3 43.9
2015 10.9 44.5
2014 10.9 45
2013 11.2 45.5
2012 11.2 46.3
2011 11.8 46.5
2010 11.4 46.9
2009 11.5 47
2008 10.9 47.2
2007 10 47.4
2006 9.87 47.6
2005 10.6 47.9
2004 11.3 47.8
2003 12.1 47.6
2002 12.5 47.3
2001 12.4 47.1
2000 12.9 47.1
1999 13.5 47
1998 13.7 46.4
1997 13.8 46.1
1996 13 45.8
1995 13.5 45.9
1994 13.7 46.5
1993 14.1 46.7
1992 15 46.9
1991 16.1 47.2
1990 17.6 47
1989 17.8 47.7
1988 18 48.2
1987 17.3 48.4
1986 17 48.8
1985 16.7 48.8
1984 16.5 49
1983 16.5 49.4
1982 15.9 50
1981 13.9 50.4
1980 13.9 50.6
1979 14.6 50.7
1978 15.1 50.4
1977 17.3 50.5
1976 19.4 50.6
1975 21.6 50.6
1974 24.1 50.5
1973 25.8 50.5
1972 27.2 50.4
1971 28.5 50.5
1970 29.9 50.4
1969 31 50.5
1968 31.6 50.6
1967 32.5 50.6
1966 33.4 50.6
1965 34.4 50.5
1964 34.9 50.5
1963 35.4 50.6
1962 34.6 50.7
1961 33.7 50.8
1960 32.8 50.8

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/cuba/mali | CC BY

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8.71 in Cuba and 40 in Mali, compared with 32.8 and 50.8, respectively, in 1960.

Birth rate data compared

Cuba Mali
Fertility rate 1.44 5.61
Fertility rate rank 158/196 6/196
Birth rate 8.71 40
Birth rate rank 167/196 6/196
Population change due to births and deaths -15,880 +746,398
Natural population change rank 173/196 26/196
Natural population change rate -0.14% +3.14%
Population growth -0.36% +2.98%
Population growth rank 182/197 15/197
Age at first childbirth n/a 19.2 years
Average age at childbearing 26.3 years 28.8 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 48.1 133.2
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 79.6 243.6
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 7.22 88.4
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 21.2% 22.6%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 60.1% 16.4%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 100% 67.3%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.04% 0.37%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 0.42% 3.24%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 0.66% 5.76%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age 0.83% 9.13%
Life expectancy 78.6 years 61.1 years

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Cuba
Factual

UN forecast
Mali
Factual

UN forecast
1x
Year Young
Cuba Mali
2100 10.9% 22.4%
2099 10.9% 22.6%
2098 10.9% 22.8%
2097 10.9% 23%
2096 10.9% 23.1%
2095 10.9% 23.3%
2094 10.9% 23.5%
2093 10.9% 23.7%
2092 10.9% 23.9%
2091 10.9% 24.1%
2090 11% 24.3%
2089 11% 24.5%
2088 11% 24.8%
2087 11% 25%
2086 11% 25.2%
2085 11% 25.5%
2084 11% 25.7%
2083 11% 25.9%
2082 11.1% 26.2%
2081 11.1% 26.5%
2080 11.1% 26.7%
2079 11.1% 27%
2078 11.1% 27.3%
2077 11.1% 27.6%
2076 11.1% 27.9%
2075 11.1% 28.1%
2074 11.1% 28.4%
2073 11.1% 28.7%
2072 11.1% 29%
2071 11.2% 29.3%
2070 11.2% 29.6%
2069 11.2% 30%
2068 11.2% 30.3%
2067 11.2% 30.6%
2066 11.2% 30.9%
2065 11.2% 31.2%
2064 11.2% 31.6%
2063 11.3% 31.9%
2062 11.3% 32.2%
2061 11.3% 32.6%
2060 11.3% 33%
2059 11.4% 33.3%
2058 11.4% 33.7%
2057 11.5% 34.1%
2056 11.5% 34.4%
2055 11.5% 34.8%
2054 11.6% 35.2%
2053 11.7% 35.7%
2052 11.7% 36.1%
2051 11.8% 36.5%
2050 11.9% 36.9%
2049 11.9% 37.3%
2048 12% 37.8%
2047 12% 38.2%
2046 12.1% 38.6%
2045 12.2% 39%
2044 12.2% 39.4%
2043 12.3% 39.8%
2042 12.3% 40.2%
2041 12.4% 40.6%
2040 12.4% 41%
2039 12.5% 41.3%
2038 12.5% 41.6%
2037 12.6% 42%
2036 12.6% 42.3%
2035 12.7% 42.6%
2034 12.9% 42.9%
2033 13.1% 43.2%
2032 13.3% 43.5%
2031 13.5% 43.9%
2030 13.8% 44.2%
2029 14% 44.5%
2028 14.3% 44.9%
2027 14.6% 45.3%
2026 14.9% 45.6%
2025 15.2% 46%
2024 15.3% 46.1%
2023 15.5% 46.5%
2022 15.7% 46.8%
2021 15.8% 47%
2020 15.8% 47.3%
2019 16% 47.6%
2018 16.1% 47.8%
2017 16.3% 47.9%
2016 16.5% 48%
2015 16.7% 48%
2014 16.9% 48%
2013 17.1% 47.9%
2012 17.3% 47.6%
2011 17.5% 47.3%
2010 17.7% 47.1%
2009 17.9% 46.9%
2008 18.2% 46.8%
2007 18.5% 46.6%
2006 18.9% 46.5%
2005 19.4% 46.4%
2004 19.8% 46.4%
2003 20.2% 46.4%
2002 20.6% 46.4%
2001 20.9% 46.5%
2000 21.3% 46.6%
1999 21.5% 46.7%
1998 21.8% 46.8%
1997 22% 47%
1996 22.1% 47%
1995 22.1% 47.1%
1994 22.1% 47.1%
1993 22.2% 47.1%
1992 22.4% 47.1%
1991 22.5% 47%
1990 22.8% 46.8%
1989 23.1% 46.7%
1988 23.6% 46.4%
1987 24.3% 46%
1986 25.2% 45.7%
1985 26.1% 45.3%
1984 27.1% 45%
1983 28.1% 44.7%
1982 29.3% 44.5%
1981 30.5% 44.2%
1980 31.9% 43.9%
1979 33.2% 43.6%
1978 34.3% 43.2%
1977 35.4% 43%
1976 36.2% 42.7%
1975 36.8% 42.4%
1974 37.3% 42.1%
1973 37.6% 41.9%
1972 37.8% 41.7%
1971 37.9% 41.5%
1970 38% 41.3%
1969 37.9% 41.2%
1968 37.8% 41%
1967 37.7% 40.9%
1966 37.5% 40.8%
1965 37.3% 40.7%
1964 37.1% 40.6%
1963 36.8% 40.5%
1962 36.5% 40.4%
1961 36.2% 40.4%
1960 36% 40.3%

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/cuba/mali | CC BY

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.3% of the population in Cuba and 46.1% in Mali in 2024, compared to 22.8% and 46.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Cuba and Mali compared.

Fertility rates around the globe

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/cuba/mali | CC BY

Maternal mortality chart: Cuba vs Mali

Cuba
Mali
1x
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
Cuba Mali
2023 35 367
2022 41 381
2021 172 415
2020 40 405
2019 40 416
2018 39 434
2017 39 453
2016 40 472
2015 41 490
2014 42 507
2013 42 525
2012 42 549
2011 44 553
2010 44 558
2009 45 565
2008 44 573
2007 42 574
2006 42 568
2005 43 577
2004 44 592
2003 44 616
2002 45 649
2001 46 694
2000 48 741
1999 51 749
1998 54 781
1997 57 820
1996 59 875
1995 62 895
1994 64 935
1993 65 988
1992 66 1,024
1991 66 1,063
1990 66 1,087
1989 66 1,106
1988 68 1,128
1987 69 1,142
1986 70 1,184
1985 70 1,217

Data sources: World Bank | Gender (1985–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/cuba/mali | CC BY

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 35 deaths per 100,000 live births in Cuba, compared to 367 deaths in Mali.

Under-five mortality rates

Cuba
Mali

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x
Year Under 5 mortality rate
Cuba Mali
2023 0.83% 9.13%
2022 0.79% 9.4%
2021 0.76% 9.69%
2020 0.72% 10%
2019 0.69% 10.3%
2018 0.66% 10.6%
2017 0.64% 10.9%
2016 0.62% 11.2%
2015 0.61% 11.6%
2014 0.6% 11.9%
2013 0.6% 12.2%
2012 0.6% 12.6%
2011 0.61% 13%
2010 0.62% 13.4%
2009 0.63% 13.8%
2008 0.65% 14.3%
2007 0.66% 14.7%
2006 0.69% 15.2%
2005 0.71% 15.7%
2004 0.73% 16.3%
2003 0.76% 16.9%
2002 0.79% 17.5%
2001 0.82% 18.2%
2000 0.86% 18.8%
1999 0.89% 19.4%
1998 0.93% 19.9%
1997 0.97% 20.4%
1996 1.01% 20.8%
1995 1.06% 21.2%
1994 1.11% 21.5%
1993 1.16% 21.9%
1992 1.22% 22.3%
1991 1.28% 22.7%
1990 1.34% 23.1%
1989 1.41% 23.6%
1988 1.49% 24.2%
1987 1.56% 24.8%
1986 1.64% 25.4%
1985 1.73% 26.1%
1984 1.81% 26.9%
1983 1.9% 27.7%
1982 2% 28.5%
1981 2.11% 29.3%
1980 2.22% 30.2%
1979 2.34% 31%
1978 2.47% 31.8%
1977 2.62% 32.7%
1976 2.77% 33.6%
1975 2.94% 34.4%
1974 3.11% 35.2%
1973 3.29% 36%
1972 3.47% 36.7%
1971 3.65% 37.3%
1970 3.82% 38%
1969 3.97% 38.6%
1968 4.11% 39.2%
1967 4.22% 39.8%
1966 4.31% 40.5%
1965 4.38% 41.2%
1964 4.43% 41.9%
1963 4.45% 42.6%
1962 4.45% -
1961 4.44% -
1960 4.41% -

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/cuba/mali | CC BY

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.83% in Cuba and 9.13% in Mali. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  3. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2025, retrieved 2026-02-20)

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