Fertility & birth rates in Cuba and Marshall Islands

Fertility rate in Cuba vs Marshall Islands by year

Chart Table

Cuba

Marshall Islands

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Cuba	Marshall Islands
2023	1.44	2.92
2022	1.41	2.94
2021	1.43	2.96
2020	1.49	2.99
2019	1.54	3.01
2018	1.61	3.04
2017	1.59	3.06
2016	1.6	3.09
2015	1.69	3.13
2014	1.66	3.18
2013	1.68	3.25
2012	1.67	3.38
2011	1.73	3.53
2010	1.67	3.67
2009	1.68	3.83
2008	1.58	3.97
2007	1.44	4.09
2006	1.4	4.2
2005	1.49	4.28
2004	1.55	4.34
2003	1.63	4.42
2002	1.65	4.49
2001	1.6	4.58
2000	1.61	4.7
1999	1.64	4.78
1998	1.62	4.87
1997	1.59	4.96
1996	1.46	5.02
1995	1.48	5.09
1994	1.47	5.23
1993	1.49	5.38
1992	1.56	5.55
1991	1.66	5.76
1990	1.81	5.97
1989	1.83	6.18
1988	1.85	6.38
1987	1.8	6.57
1986	1.78	6.73
1985	1.77	6.87
1984	1.77	6.99
1983	1.8	7.08
1982	1.78	7.18
1981	1.59	7.27
1980	1.64	7.37
1979	1.77	7.47
1978	1.88	7.58
1977	2.21	7.67
1976	2.51	7.76
1975	2.82	7.83
1974	3.16	7.9
1973	3.4	7.95
1972	3.61	8
1971	3.8	8.04
1970	3.98	8.07
1969	4.12	8.11
1968	4.19	8.14
1967	4.29	8.17
1966	4.4	8.2
1965	4.5	8.16
1964	4.53	8.14
1963	4.56	8.12
1962	4.42	8.12
1961	4.26	8.12
1960	4.13	8.08

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Cuba was 1.44 children per woman in 2023, compared to 2.92 in the Marshall Islands in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Cuba vs the Marshall Islands population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Cuba

Marshall Islands

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Cuba	Marshall Islands
2023	-15,880	550
2022	-17,961	606
2021	-71,616	653
2020	-12,808	689
2019	-4,245	746
2018	3,436	785
2017	2,306	826
2016	9,677	866
2015	20,464	912
2014	22,448	959
2013	29,827	1,014
2012	33,864	1,097
2011	40,753	1,185
2010	37,021	1,273
2009	37,543	1,365
2008	32,848	1,443
2007	24,617	1,507
2006	24,508	1,556
2005	36,660	1,586
2004	44,258	1,595
2003	56,170	1,600
2002	58,212	1,594
2001	57,325	1,596
2000	61,133	1,592
1999	69,069	1,590
1998	71,284	1,576
1997	71,828	1,564
1996	61,837	1,542
1995	66,809	1,522
1994	68,604	1,524
1993	73,221	1,524
1992	83,461	1,525
1991	95,398	1,540
1990	112,378	1,556
1989	114,865	1,574
1988	116,626	1,575
1987	109,617	1,566
1986	105,997	1,544
1985	103,228	1,511
1984	101,670	1,470
1983	101,858	1,422
1982	95,866	1,375
1981	74,067	1,328
1980	74,271	1,287
1979	81,192	1,250
1978	86,864	1,207
1977	106,875	1,160
1976	125,383	1,109
1975	144,964	1,055
1974	165,099	1,000
1973	177,387	954
1972	187,588	913
1971	195,106	877
1970	201,823	819
1969	205,581	747
1968	205,487	685
1967	207,245	636
1966	209,179	603
1965	211,322	566
1964	209,315	536
1963	205,788	509
1962	196,423	488
1961	183,806	469
1960	172,816	452

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.14% in Cuba and +1.42% in the Marshall Islands.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.06% in Cuba and +1.69% in the Marshall Islands.

Birth rate in Cuba vs Marshall Islands by year

Chart Table

Cuba

Marshall Islands

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Cuba	Marshall Islands
2023	8.71	21.1
2022	8.66	22
2021	8.81	23.2
2020	9.26	23.4
2019	9.67	23.7
2018	10.2	24.1
2017	10.1	24.4
2016	10.3	24.7
2015	10.9	25.2
2014	10.9	25.7
2013	11.2	26.4
2012	11.2	27.7
2011	11.8	29.2
2010	11.4	30.9
2009	11.5	32.8
2008	10.9	34.3
2007	10	35.6
2006	9.87	36.6
2005	10.6	37.2
2004	11.3	37.4
2003	12.1	37.6
2002	12.5	37.6
2001	12.4	37.8
2000	12.9	38.2
1999	13.5	38.3
1998	13.7	38.4
1997	13.8	38.6
1996	13	38.5
1995	13.5	38.5
1994	13.7	39
1993	14.1	39.6
1992	15	40.2
1991	16.1	41.2
1990	17.6	42.4
1989	17.8	43.8
1988	18	45
1987	17.3	46.2
1986	17	47.3
1985	16.7	48.2
1984	16.5	48.9
1983	16.5	49.5
1982	15.9	50
1981	13.9	50.5
1980	13.9	51.1
1979	14.6	51.6
1978	15.1	51.7
1977	17.3	51.6
1976	19.4	51.4
1975	21.6	50.9
1974	24.1	50.3
1973	25.8	49.7
1972	27.2	48.9
1971	28.5	48.5
1970	29.9	47.7
1969	31	47.2
1968	31.6	47.4
1967	32.5	47.7
1966	33.4	47.5
1965	34.4	46.6
1964	34.9	46.2
1963	35.4	46
1962	34.6	46.2
1961	33.7	46.5
1960	32.8	46.9

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8.71 in Cuba and 21.1 in the Marshall Islands, compared with 32.8 and 46.9, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Cuba

Factual

UN forecast

Marshall Islands

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Cuba	Marshall Islands
2100	10.9%	16.6%
2099	10.9%	16.6%
2098	10.9%	16.6%
2097	10.9%	16.7%
2096	10.9%	16.7%
2095	10.9%	16.8%
2094	10.9%	16.9%
2093	10.9%	17%
2092	10.9%	17.1%
2091	10.9%	17.3%
2090	11%	17.5%
2089	11%	17.7%
2088	11%	17.9%
2087	11%	18.2%
2086	11%	18.4%
2085	11%	18.7%
2084	11%	19%
2083	11%	19.3%
2082	11.1%	19.5%
2081	11.1%	19.8%
2080	11.1%	20%
2079	11.1%	20.2%
2078	11.1%	20.4%
2077	11.1%	20.6%
2076	11.1%	20.8%
2075	11.1%	20.9%
2074	11.1%	21%
2073	11.1%	21.1%
2072	11.1%	21.2%
2071	11.2%	21.3%
2070	11.2%	21.3%
2069	11.2%	21.4%
2068	11.2%	21.5%
2067	11.2%	21.7%
2066	11.2%	21.8%
2065	11.2%	22%
2064	11.2%	22.3%
2063	11.3%	22.6%
2062	11.3%	22.9%
2061	11.3%	23.3%
2060	11.3%	23.8%
2059	11.4%	24.3%
2058	11.4%	24.8%
2057	11.5%	25.4%
2056	11.5%	26%
2055	11.5%	26.5%
2054	11.6%	27.1%
2053	11.7%	27.6%
2052	11.7%	28%
2051	11.8%	28.4%
2050	11.9%	28.7%
2049	11.9%	28.9%
2048	12%	29%
2047	12%	29.1%
2046	12.1%	29%
2045	12.2%	28.9%
2044	12.2%	28.7%
2043	12.3%	28.4%
2042	12.3%	28.2%
2041	12.4%	27.8%
2040	12.4%	27.5%
2039	12.5%	27.3%
2038	12.5%	27.3%
2037	12.6%	27.4%
2036	12.6%	27.8%
2035	12.7%	28.4%
2034	12.9%	28.9%
2033	13.1%	29.5%
2032	13.3%	30%
2031	13.5%	30.6%
2030	13.8%	31.2%
2029	14%	31.7%
2028	14.3%	32.3%
2027	14.6%	32.9%
2026	14.9%	33.6%
2025	15.2%	34.2%
2024	15.3%	34.5%
2023	15.5%	34.7%
2022	15.7%	34.6%
2021	15.8%	34.4%
2020	15.8%	34.5%
2019	16%	35.1%
2018	16.1%	35.7%
2017	16.3%	36.2%
2016	16.5%	36.8%
2015	16.7%	37.5%
2014	16.9%	38.2%
2013	17.1%	38.8%
2012	17.3%	39.4%
2011	17.5%	39.7%
2010	17.7%	39.7%
2009	17.9%	39.4%
2008	18.2%	39.2%
2007	18.5%	39%
2006	18.9%	38.9%
2005	19.4%	39.1%
2004	19.8%	39.4%
2003	20.2%	39.9%
2002	20.6%	40.6%
2001	20.9%	41.3%
2000	21.3%	42%
1999	21.5%	42.8%
1998	21.8%	43.7%
1997	22%	44.7%
1996	22.1%	45.6%
1995	22.1%	46.6%
1994	22.1%	47.5%
1993	22.2%	48.4%
1992	22.4%	49.1%
1991	22.5%	49.7%
1990	22.8%	50.2%
1989	23.1%	50.6%
1988	23.6%	50.8%
1987	24.3%	50.8%
1986	25.2%	50.7%
1985	26.1%	50.6%
1984	27.1%	50.4%
1983	28.1%	50.4%
1982	29.3%	50.3%
1981	30.5%	50.3%
1980	31.9%	50.1%
1979	33.2%	49.8%
1978	34.3%	49.4%
1977	35.4%	49%
1976	36.2%	48.5%
1975	36.8%	48.2%
1974	37.3%	47.8%
1973	37.6%	47.3%
1972	37.8%	46.6%
1971	37.9%	45.6%
1970	38%	45%
1969	37.9%	45.3%
1968	37.8%	46.1%
1967	37.7%	46.7%
1966	37.5%	47.2%
1965	37.3%	47.5%
1964	37.1%	47.5%
1963	36.8%	47.4%
1962	36.5%	47.1%
1961	36.2%	46.7%
1960	36%	46.1%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.3% of the population in Cuba and 34.5% in the Marshall Islands in 2024, compared to 22.8% and 50.2% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Cuba and the Marshall Islands compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Cuba vs Marshall Islands

Chart Table

Cuba

Marshall Islands

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Cuba	Marshall Islands
2023	35	155
2022	41	174
2021	172	206
2020	40	178
2019	40	168
2018	39	167
2017	39	179
2016	40	183
2015	41	184
2014	42	199
2013	42	201
2012	42	207
2011	44	209
2010	44	212
2009	45	224
2008	44	226
2007	42	229
2006	42	233
2005	43	234
2004	44	238
2003	44	221
2002	45	223
2001	46	231
2000	48	251
1999	51	250
1998	54	259
1997	57	274
1996	59	292
1995	62	303
1994	64	303
1993	65	320
1992	66	322
1991	66	297
1990	66	311
1989	66	299
1988	68	276
1987	69	282
1986	70	274
1985	70	254

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 35 deaths per 100,000 live births in Cuba, compared to 155 deaths in the Marshall Islands.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Cuba

Marshall Islands

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Cuba	Marshall Islands
2023	0.83%	2.82%
2022	0.79%	2.91%
2021	0.76%	3%
2020	0.72%	3.1%
2019	0.69%	3.19%
2018	0.66%	3.29%
2017	0.64%	3.38%
2016	0.62%	3.48%
2015	0.61%	3.57%
2014	0.6%	3.66%
2013	0.6%	3.75%
2012	0.6%	3.82%
2011	0.61%	3.89%
2010	0.62%	3.94%
2009	0.63%	3.97%
2008	0.65%	4.02%
2007	0.66%	4.06%
2006	0.69%	4.1%
2005	0.71%	4.14%
2004	0.73%	4.18%
2003	0.76%	4.21%
2002	0.79%	4.24%
2001	0.82%	4.25%
2000	0.86%	4.25%
1999	0.89%	4.23%
1998	0.93%	4.19%
1997	0.97%	4.15%
1996	1.01%	4.14%
1995	1.06%	4.15%
1994	1.11%	4.2%
1993	1.16%	4.29%
1992	1.22%	4.43%
1991	1.28%	4.59%
1990	1.34%	4.76%
1989	1.41%	4.95%
1988	1.49%	5.13%
1987	1.56%	5.31%
1986	1.64%	5.49%
1985	1.73%	5.66%
1984	1.81%	5.83%
1983	1.9%	6%
1982	2%	6.15%
1981	2.11%	6.29%
1980	2.22%	6.42%
1979	2.34%	6.52%
1978	2.47%	6.61%
1977	2.62%	6.69%
1976	2.77%	6.77%
1975	2.94%	6.86%
1974	3.11%	6.97%
1973	3.29%	7.13%
1972	3.47%	7.33%
1971	3.65%	7.58%
1970	3.82%	7.87%
1969	3.97%	8.19%
1968	4.11%	8.53%
1967	4.22%	8.88%
1966	4.31%	9.25%
1965	4.38%	9.64%
1964	4.43%	10.1%
1963	4.45%	10.5%
1962	4.45%	11%
1961	4.44%	11.6%
1960	4.41%	12.2%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.83% in Cuba and 2.82% in the Marshall Islands. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.