Fertility & birth rates in Cuba and Spain

Fertility rate in Cuba vs Spain by year

Chart Table

Cuba

Spain

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Cuba	Spain
2023	1.44	1.12
2022	1.41	1.16
2021	1.43	1.18
2020	1.49	1.18
2019	1.54	1.23
2018	1.61	1.26
2017	1.59	1.31
2016	1.6	1.33
2015	1.69	1.33
2014	1.66	1.32
2013	1.68	1.27
2012	1.67	1.32
2011	1.73	1.34
2010	1.67	1.37
2009	1.68	1.38
2008	1.58	1.45
2007	1.44	1.38
2006	1.4	1.36
2005	1.49	1.33
2004	1.55	1.31
2003	1.63	1.3
2002	1.65	1.25
2001	1.6	1.23
2000	1.61	1.22
1999	1.64	1.17
1998	1.62	1.13
1997	1.59	1.15
1996	1.46	1.14
1995	1.48	1.16
1994	1.47	1.19
1993	1.49	1.26
1992	1.56	1.31
1991	1.66	1.33
1990	1.81	1.36
1989	1.83	1.4
1988	1.85	1.45
1987	1.8	1.49
1986	1.78	1.56
1985	1.77	1.64
1984	1.77	1.73
1983	1.8	1.8
1982	1.78	1.94
1981	1.59	2.04
1980	1.64	2.22
1979	1.77	2.37
1978	1.88	2.54
1977	2.21	2.65
1976	2.51	2.77
1975	2.82	2.77
1974	3.16	2.88
1973	3.4	2.84
1972	3.61	2.87
1971	3.8	2.9
1970	3.98	2.84
1969	4.12	2.86
1968	4.19	2.87
1967	4.29	2.94
1966	4.4	2.91
1965	4.5	2.94
1964	4.53	3.01
1963	4.56	2.88
1962	4.42	2.8
1961	4.26	2.77
1960	4.13	2.86

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Cuba was 1.44 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.12 in Spain in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Cuba vs Spain population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Cuba

Spain

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Cuba	Spain
2023	-15,880	-111,211
2022	-17,961	-133,801
2021	-71,616	-113,865
2020	-12,808	-151,551
2019	-4,245	-56,542
2018	3,436	-56,139
2017	2,306	-32,600
2016	9,677	0
2015	20,464	-4,642
2014	22,448	32,522
2013	29,827	37,284
2012	33,864	51,450
2011	40,753	84,137
2010	37,021	102,469
2009	37,543	106,635
2008	32,848	133,267
2007	24,617	108,545
2006	24,508	110,994
2005	36,660	78,576
2004	44,258	85,844
2003	56,170	54,844
2002	58,212	53,861
2001	57,325	44,936
2000	61,133	36,512
1999	69,069	8,077
1998	71,284	4,022
1997	71,828	20,028
1996	61,837	11,967
1995	66,809	15,889
1994	68,604	31,639
1993	73,221	47,234
1992	83,461	62,652
1991	95,398	58,450
1990	112,378	66,075
1989	114,865	81,538
1988	116,626	100,794
1987	109,617	116,054
1986	105,997	131,188
1985	103,228	146,184
1984	101,670	172,487
1983	101,858	183,223
1982	95,866	231,714
1981	74,067	237,879
1980	74,271	281,184
1979	81,192	312,407
1978	86,864	339,157
1977	106,875	361,465
1976	125,383	375,834
1975	144,964	371,882
1974	165,099	396,182
1973	177,387	374,381
1972	187,588	391,030
1971	195,106	369,625
1970	201,823	378,723
1969	205,581	367,851
1968	205,487	387,423
1967	207,245	402,001
1966	209,179	397,084
1965	211,322	405,819
1964	209,315	429,885
1963	205,788	394,338
1962	196,423	384,690
1961	183,806	396,537
1960	172,816	398,960

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.14% in Cuba and -0.23% in Spain.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.06% in Cuba and -0.13% in Spain.

Birth rate in Cuba vs Spain by year

Chart Table

Cuba

Spain

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Cuba	Spain
2023	8.71	6.7
2022	8.66	6.9
2021	8.81	7.1
2020	9.26	7.2
2019	9.67	7.6
2018	10.2	7.9
2017	10.1	8.4
2016	10.3	8.8
2015	10.9	9
2014	10.9	9.2
2013	11.2	9.1
2012	11.2	9.7
2011	11.8	10.1
2010	11.4	10.4
2009	11.5	10.6
2008	10.9	11.3
2007	10	10.9
2006	9.87	10.8
2005	10.6	10.6
2004	11.3	10.6
2003	12.1	10.4
2002	12.5	10.1
2001	12.4	9.9
2000	12.9	9.8
1999	13.5	9.4
1998	13.7	9.1
1997	13.8	9.2
1996	13	9.1
1995	13.5	9.1
1994	13.7	9.4
1993	14.1	9.8
1992	15	10.1
1991	16.1	10.2
1990	17.6	10.3
1989	17.8	10.5
1988	18	10.8
1987	17.3	11
1986	17	11.4
1985	16.7	11.9
1984	16.5	12.3
1983	16.5	12.7
1982	15.9	13.6
1981	13.9	14.1
1980	13.9	15.2
1979	14.6	16.2
1978	15.1	17.3
1977	17.3	18
1976	19.4	18.7
1975	21.6	18.7
1974	24.1	19.5
1973	25.8	19.2
1972	27.2	19.4
1971	28.5	19.6
1970	29.9	19.5
1969	31	19.9
1968	31.6	20.1
1967	32.5	20.7
1966	33.4	20.7
1965	34.4	21.1
1964	34.9	22
1963	35.4	21.4
1962	34.6	21.1
1961	33.7	21.2
1960	32.8	21.7

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8.71 in Cuba and 6.7 in Spain, compared with 32.8 and 21.7, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Cuba

Factual

UN forecast

Spain

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Cuba	Spain
2100	10.9%	11.6%
2099	10.9%	11.6%
2098	10.9%	11.7%
2097	10.9%	11.7%
2096	10.9%	11.7%
2095	10.9%	11.8%
2094	10.9%	11.8%
2093	10.9%	11.9%
2092	10.9%	11.9%
2091	10.9%	11.9%
2090	11%	12%
2089	11%	12%
2088	11%	12%
2087	11%	12.1%
2086	11%	12.1%
2085	11%	12.1%
2084	11%	12%
2083	11%	12%
2082	11.1%	12%
2081	11.1%	11.9%
2080	11.1%	11.9%
2079	11.1%	11.8%
2078	11.1%	11.7%
2077	11.1%	11.6%
2076	11.1%	11.6%
2075	11.1%	11.5%
2074	11.1%	11.4%
2073	11.1%	11.3%
2072	11.1%	11.2%
2071	11.2%	11.2%
2070	11.2%	11.1%
2069	11.2%	11.1%
2068	11.2%	11%
2067	11.2%	11%
2066	11.2%	11%
2065	11.2%	11%
2064	11.2%	11%
2063	11.3%	11.1%
2062	11.3%	11.1%
2061	11.3%	11.2%
2060	11.3%	11.2%
2059	11.4%	11.3%
2058	11.4%	11.4%
2057	11.5%	11.4%
2056	11.5%	11.5%
2055	11.5%	11.5%
2054	11.6%	11.5%
2053	11.7%	11.5%
2052	11.7%	11.5%
2051	11.8%	11.5%
2050	11.9%	11.5%
2049	11.9%	11.4%
2048	12%	11.4%
2047	12%	11.3%
2046	12.1%	11.2%
2045	12.2%	11.1%
2044	12.2%	11.1%
2043	12.3%	11%
2042	12.3%	10.9%
2041	12.4%	10.9%
2040	12.4%	10.8%
2039	12.5%	10.8%
2038	12.5%	10.7%
2037	12.6%	10.7%
2036	12.6%	10.7%
2035	12.7%	10.7%
2034	12.9%	10.8%
2033	13.1%	10.9%
2032	13.3%	11.1%
2031	13.5%	11.3%
2030	13.8%	11.5%
2029	14%	11.7%
2028	14.3%	11.9%
2027	14.6%	12.2%
2026	14.9%	12.5%
2025	15.2%	12.8%
2024	15.3%	12.9%
2023	15.5%	13.3%
2022	15.7%	13.6%
2021	15.8%	13.9%
2020	15.8%	14.2%
2019	16%	14.4%
2018	16.1%	14.7%
2017	16.3%	14.8%
2016	16.5%	14.9%
2015	16.7%	15%
2014	16.9%	15.1%
2013	17.1%	15.1%
2012	17.3%	15.1%
2011	17.5%	15%
2010	17.7%	14.9%
2009	17.9%	14.8%
2008	18.2%	14.7%
2007	18.5%	14.6%
2006	18.9%	14.5%
2005	19.4%	14.5%
2004	19.8%	14.5%
2003	20.2%	14.5%
2002	20.6%	14.6%
2001	20.9%	14.7%
2000	21.3%	14.8%
1999	21.5%	15%
1998	21.8%	15.3%
1997	22%	15.7%
1996	22.1%	16.1%
1995	22.1%	16.6%
1994	22.1%	17.2%
1993	22.2%	17.8%
1992	22.4%	18.4%
1991	22.5%	19.1%
1990	22.8%	19.8%
1989	23.1%	20.5%
1988	23.6%	21.2%
1987	24.3%	21.9%
1986	25.2%	22.5%
1985	26.1%	23.2%
1984	27.1%	23.8%
1983	28.1%	24.4%
1982	29.3%	24.9%
1981	30.5%	25.5%
1980	31.9%	26%
1979	33.2%	26.4%
1978	34.3%	26.8%
1977	35.4%	27%
1976	36.2%	27.2%
1975	36.8%	27.3%
1974	37.3%	27.5%
1973	37.6%	27.7%
1972	37.8%	27.8%
1971	37.9%	27.8%
1970	38%	27.9%
1969	37.9%	27.8%
1968	37.8%	27.8%
1967	37.7%	27.7%
1966	37.5%	27.6%
1965	37.3%	27.5%
1964	37.1%	27.4%
1963	36.8%	27.4%
1962	36.5%	27.4%
1961	36.2%	27.4%
1960	36%	27.4%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.3% of the population in Cuba and 12.9% in Spain in 2024, compared to 22.8% and 19.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Cuba and Spain compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Cuba vs Spain

Chart Table

Cuba

Spain

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Cuba	Spain
2023	35	3
2022	41	4
2021	172	4
2020	40	4
2019	40	3
2018	39	3
2017	39	3
2016	40	3
2015	41	4
2014	42	4
2013	42	4
2012	42	4
2011	44	4
2010	44	4
2009	45	4
2008	44	4
2007	42	4
2006	42	4
2005	43	5
2004	44	5
2003	44	4
2002	45	5
2001	46	5
2000	48	5
1999	51	5
1998	54	5
1997	57	5
1996	59	6
1995	62	6
1994	64	6
1993	65	6
1992	66	6
1991	66	6
1990	66	6
1989	66	7
1988	68	7
1987	69	7
1986	70	7
1985	70	6

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 35 deaths per 100,000 live births in Cuba, compared to 3 deaths in Spain.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Cuba

Spain

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Cuba	Spain
2023	0.83%	0.31%
2022	0.79%	0.31%
2021	0.76%	0.31%
2020	0.72%	0.32%
2019	0.69%	0.32%
2018	0.66%	0.32%
2017	0.64%	0.32%
2016	0.62%	0.33%
2015	0.61%	0.33%
2014	0.6%	0.34%
2013	0.6%	0.35%
2012	0.6%	0.36%
2011	0.61%	0.37%
2010	0.62%	0.38%
2009	0.63%	0.4%
2008	0.65%	0.42%
2007	0.66%	0.44%
2006	0.69%	0.45%
2005	0.71%	0.47%
2004	0.73%	0.49%
2003	0.76%	0.5%
2002	0.79%	0.51%
2001	0.82%	0.53%
2000	0.86%	0.54%
1999	0.89%	0.56%
1998	0.93%	0.58%
1997	0.97%	0.61%
1996	1.01%	0.65%
1995	1.06%	0.69%
1994	1.11%	0.74%
1993	1.16%	0.79%
1992	1.22%	0.83%
1991	1.28%	0.88%
1990	1.34%	0.92%
1989	1.41%	0.95%
1988	1.49%	0.99%
1987	1.56%	1.03%
1986	1.64%	1.07%
1985	1.73%	1.11%
1984	1.81%	1.17%
1983	1.9%	1.23%
1982	2%	1.3%
1981	2.11%	1.38%
1980	2.22%	1.49%
1979	2.34%	1.61%
1978	2.47%	1.74%
1977	2.62%	1.87%
1976	2.77%	2.02%
1975	2.94%	2.17%
1974	3.11%	2.33%
1973	3.29%	2.52%
1972	3.47%	2.72%
1971	3.65%	2.94%
1970	3.82%	3.16%
1969	3.97%	3.39%
1968	4.11%	3.61%
1967	4.22%	3.83%
1966	4.31%	4.03%
1965	4.38%	4.23%
1964	4.43%	4.45%
1963	4.45%	4.68%
1962	4.45%	4.94%
1961	4.44%	5.2%
1960	4.41%	5.47%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.83% in Cuba and 0.31% in Spain. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.