Fertility & birth rates in Cuba and Eswatini

Fertility rate in Cuba vs Eswatini by year

Chart Table

Cuba

Eswatini

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Cuba	Eswatini
2023	1.44	2.75
2022	1.41	2.8
2021	1.43	2.84
2020	1.49	2.89
2019	1.54	2.93
2018	1.61	2.97
2017	1.59	3.02
2016	1.6	3.07
2015	1.69	3.12
2014	1.66	3.18
2013	1.68	3.24
2012	1.67	3.27
2011	1.73	3.32
2010	1.67	3.38
2009	1.68	3.5
2008	1.58	3.57
2007	1.44	3.58
2006	1.4	3.63
2005	1.49	3.7
2004	1.55	3.76
2003	1.63	3.8
2002	1.65	3.85
2001	1.6	3.94
2000	1.61	4.03
1999	1.64	4.09
1998	1.62	4.13
1997	1.59	4.24
1996	1.46	4.38
1995	1.48	4.52
1994	1.47	4.66
1993	1.49	4.82
1992	1.56	4.98
1991	1.66	5.13
1990	1.81	5.3
1989	1.83	5.48
1988	1.85	5.69
1987	1.8	5.9
1986	1.78	6.11
1985	1.77	6.28
1984	1.77	6.36
1983	1.8	6.43
1982	1.78	6.49
1981	1.59	6.54
1980	1.64	6.57
1979	1.77	6.61
1978	1.88	6.65
1977	2.21	6.68
1976	2.51	6.7
1975	2.82	6.71
1974	3.16	6.71
1973	3.4	6.72
1972	3.61	6.72
1971	3.8	6.74
1970	3.98	6.75
1969	4.12	6.76
1968	4.19	6.76
1967	4.29	6.77
1966	4.4	6.8
1965	4.5	6.79
1964	4.53	6.79
1963	4.56	6.8
1962	4.42	6.79
1961	4.26	6.77
1960	4.13	6.75

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Cuba was 1.44 children per woman in 2023, compared to 2.75 in Eswatini in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Cuba vs Eswatini population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Cuba

Eswatini

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Cuba	Eswatini
2023	-15,880	20,147
2022	-17,961	20,125
2021	-71,616	17,314
2020	-12,808	18,899
2019	-4,245	19,488
2018	3,436	19,392
2017	2,306	19,278
2016	9,677	19,233
2015	20,464	19,223
2014	22,448	19,107
2013	29,827	18,903
2012	33,864	18,308
2011	40,753	17,645
2010	37,021	17,652
2009	37,543	17,656
2008	32,848	17,275
2007	24,617	16,595
2006	24,508	16,133
2005	36,660	15,945
2004	44,258	15,979
2003	56,170	16,396
2002	58,212	16,924
2001	57,325	17,824
2000	61,133	18,830
1999	69,069	19,420
1998	71,284	19,762
1997	71,828	20,686
1996	61,837	21,858
1995	66,809	23,029
1994	68,604	26,703
1993	73,221	28,046
1992	83,461	28,446
1991	95,398	28,497
1990	112,378	28,349
1989	114,865	28,257
1988	116,626	27,396
1987	109,617	27,285
1986	105,997	27,096
1985	103,228	26,835
1984	101,670	26,149
1983	101,858	24,883
1982	95,866	24,742
1981	74,067	23,973
1980	74,271	23,153
1979	81,192	22,299
1978	86,864	21,466
1977	106,875	20,609
1976	125,383	19,734
1975	144,964	18,849
1974	165,099	17,971
1973	177,387	17,145
1972	187,588	16,353
1971	195,106	15,615
1970	201,823	14,873
1969	205,581	14,164
1968	205,487	13,449
1967	207,245	12,773
1966	209,179	12,282
1965	211,322	11,719
1964	209,315	11,266
1963	205,788	10,929
1962	196,423	10,601
1961	183,806	10,262
1960	172,816	9,947

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.14% in Cuba and +1.64% in Eswatini.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.06% in Cuba and +1.63% in Eswatini.

Birth rate in Cuba vs Eswatini by year

Chart Table

Cuba

Eswatini

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Cuba	Eswatini
2023	8.71	24.1
2022	8.66	24.6
2021	8.81	25
2020	9.26	25.4
2019	9.67	25.9
2018	10.2	26.4
2017	10.1	26.9
2016	10.3	27.6
2015	10.9	28.3
2014	10.9	29
2013	11.2	29.6
2012	11.2	30
2011	11.8	30.4
2010	11.4	30.9
2009	11.5	31.9
2008	10.9	32.3
2007	10	32.2
2006	9.87	32.2
2005	10.6	32.5
2004	11.3	32.6
2003	12.1	32.3
2002	12.5	32.2
2001	12.4	32.4
2000	12.9	32.6
1999	13.5	32.5
1998	13.7	32.2
1997	13.8	32.4
1996	13	33.1
1995	13.5	34
1994	13.7	37.3
1993	14.1	37.9
1992	15	38.7
1991	16.1	39.5
1990	17.6	40.4
1989	17.8	41.6
1988	18	42.2
1987	17.3	43.9
1986	17	45.4
1985	16.7	46.9
1984	16.5	47.8
1983	16.5	48.4
1982	15.9	48.9
1981	13.9	49.5
1980	13.9	49.8
1979	14.6	50.1
1978	15.1	50.4
1977	17.3	50.6
1976	19.4	50.7
1975	21.6	50.6
1974	24.1	50.3
1973	25.8	50.1
1972	27.2	49.8
1971	28.5	49.5
1970	29.9	49.1
1969	31	48.6
1968	31.6	48.1
1967	32.5	47.5
1966	33.4	47.4
1965	34.4	47.2
1964	34.9	47.1
1963	35.4	47.3
1962	34.6	47.3
1961	33.7	47.4
1960	32.8	47.4

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8.71 in Cuba and 24.1 in Eswatini, compared with 32.8 and 47.4, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Cuba

Factual

UN forecast

Eswatini

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Cuba	Eswatini
2100	10.9%	17.1%
2099	10.9%	17.2%
2098	10.9%	17.3%
2097	10.9%	17.4%
2096	10.9%	17.4%
2095	10.9%	17.5%
2094	10.9%	17.6%
2093	10.9%	17.7%
2092	10.9%	17.8%
2091	10.9%	17.9%
2090	11%	18%
2089	11%	18.1%
2088	11%	18.2%
2087	11%	18.3%
2086	11%	18.4%
2085	11%	18.5%
2084	11%	18.6%
2083	11%	18.7%
2082	11.1%	18.8%
2081	11.1%	19%
2080	11.1%	19.1%
2079	11.1%	19.2%
2078	11.1%	19.3%
2077	11.1%	19.4%
2076	11.1%	19.6%
2075	11.1%	19.7%
2074	11.1%	19.8%
2073	11.1%	20%
2072	11.1%	20.1%
2071	11.2%	20.3%
2070	11.2%	20.4%
2069	11.2%	20.6%
2068	11.2%	20.7%
2067	11.2%	20.9%
2066	11.2%	21.1%
2065	11.2%	21.2%
2064	11.2%	21.4%
2063	11.3%	21.6%
2062	11.3%	21.8%
2061	11.3%	22%
2060	11.3%	22.3%
2059	11.4%	22.5%
2058	11.4%	22.7%
2057	11.5%	23%
2056	11.5%	23.2%
2055	11.5%	23.5%
2054	11.6%	23.7%
2053	11.7%	24%
2052	11.7%	24.2%
2051	11.8%	24.5%
2050	11.9%	24.7%
2049	11.9%	25%
2048	12%	25.3%
2047	12%	25.5%
2046	12.1%	25.8%
2045	12.2%	26.1%
2044	12.2%	26.4%
2043	12.3%	26.7%
2042	12.3%	27%
2041	12.4%	27.3%
2040	12.4%	27.6%
2039	12.5%	27.9%
2038	12.5%	28.2%
2037	12.6%	28.6%
2036	12.6%	28.9%
2035	12.7%	29.3%
2034	12.9%	29.7%
2033	13.1%	30.1%
2032	13.3%	30.5%
2031	13.5%	30.8%
2030	13.8%	31.2%
2029	14%	31.6%
2028	14.3%	32%
2027	14.6%	32.4%
2026	14.9%	32.8%
2025	15.2%	33.2%
2024	15.3%	33.4%
2023	15.5%	33.7%
2022	15.7%	34%
2021	15.8%	34.3%
2020	15.8%	34.7%
2019	16%	35.1%
2018	16.1%	35.6%
2017	16.3%	36%
2016	16.5%	36.4%
2015	16.7%	36.8%
2014	16.9%	37.2%
2013	17.1%	37.6%
2012	17.3%	38%
2011	17.5%	38.4%
2010	17.7%	38.8%
2009	17.9%	39.3%
2008	18.2%	39.9%
2007	18.5%	40.4%
2006	18.9%	40.8%
2005	19.4%	41.1%
2004	19.8%	41.4%
2003	20.2%	41.8%
2002	20.6%	42.3%
2001	20.9%	42.9%
2000	21.3%	43.6%
1999	21.5%	44.4%
1998	21.8%	45.3%
1997	22%	46.2%
1996	22.1%	46.9%
1995	22.1%	47.4%
1994	22.1%	47%
1993	22.2%	46.4%
1992	22.4%	46.6%
1991	22.5%	47.1%
1990	22.8%	47.6%
1989	23.1%	48.1%
1988	23.6%	48.7%
1987	24.3%	49.3%
1986	25.2%	49.4%
1985	26.1%	49.5%
1984	27.1%	49.4%
1983	28.1%	49.3%
1982	29.3%	49.2%
1981	30.5%	48.9%
1980	31.9%	48.7%
1979	33.2%	48.5%
1978	34.3%	48.3%
1977	35.4%	48.1%
1976	36.2%	47.9%
1975	36.8%	47.7%
1974	37.3%	47.5%
1973	37.6%	47.4%
1972	37.8%	47.3%
1971	37.9%	47.2%
1970	38%	47.2%
1969	37.9%	47.2%
1968	37.8%	47.3%
1967	37.7%	47.5%
1966	37.5%	47.7%
1965	37.3%	47.7%
1964	37.1%	47.8%
1963	36.8%	47.7%
1962	36.5%	47.4%
1961	36.2%	47.2%
1960	36%	46.9%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.3% of the population in Cuba and 33.4% in Eswatini in 2024, compared to 22.8% and 47.6% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Cuba and Eswatini compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Cuba vs Eswatini

Chart Table

Cuba

Eswatini

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Cuba	Eswatini
2023	35	118
2022	41	112
2021	172	219
2020	40	102
2019	40	96
2018	39	133
2017	39	151
2016	40	213
2015	41	283
2014	42	369
2013	42	491
2012	42	613
2011	44	765
2010	44	752
2009	45	855
2008	44	766
2007	42	647
2006	42	511
2005	43	529
2004	44	451
2003	44	392
2002	45	331
2001	46	307
2000	48	361
1999	51	409
1998	54	475
1997	57	550
1996	59	604
1995	62	612
1994	64	645
1993	65	609
1992	66	580
1991	66	545
1990	66	520
1989	66	505
1988	68	494
1987	69	521
1986	70	548
1985	70	580

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 35 deaths per 100,000 live births in Cuba, compared to 118 deaths in Eswatini.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Cuba

Eswatini

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Cuba	Eswatini
2023	0.83%	4.5%
2022	0.79%	4.62%
2021	0.76%	4.76%
2020	0.72%	4.98%
2019	0.69%	5.16%
2018	0.66%	5.1%
2017	0.64%	5.43%
2016	0.62%	5.53%
2015	0.61%	5.86%
2014	0.6%	6.17%
2013	0.6%	6.16%
2012	0.6%	6.38%
2011	0.61%	6.81%
2010	0.62%	8.18%
2009	0.63%	9.25%
2008	0.65%	9.82%
2007	0.66%	10%
2006	0.69%	10.5%
2005	0.71%	11.6%
2004	0.73%	11.6%
2003	0.76%	11.6%
2002	0.79%	11.4%
2001	0.82%	11.3%
2000	0.86%	10.9%
1999	0.89%	10.4%
1998	0.93%	9.87%
1997	0.97%	9.3%
1996	1.01%	8.71%
1995	1.06%	8.12%
1994	1.11%	7.62%
1993	1.16%	7.17%
1992	1.22%	6.85%
1991	1.28%	6.72%
1990	1.34%	6.75%
1989	1.41%	6.93%
1988	1.49%	7.2%
1987	1.56%	7.54%
1986	1.64%	7.93%
1985	1.73%	8.37%
1984	1.81%	8.85%
1983	1.9%	10.4%
1982	2%	9.89%
1981	2.11%	10.4%
1980	2.22%	10.9%
1979	2.34%	11.5%
1978	2.47%	12%
1977	2.62%	12.6%
1976	2.77%	13.2%
1975	2.94%	13.7%
1974	3.11%	14.3%
1973	3.29%	14.9%
1972	3.47%	15.4%
1971	3.65%	16%
1970	3.82%	16.5%
1969	3.97%	17%
1968	4.11%	17.4%
1967	4.22%	17.9%
1966	4.31%	18.3%
1965	4.38%	18.8%
1964	4.43%	19.2%
1963	4.45%	19.6%
1962	4.45%	20%
1961	4.44%	20.4%
1960	4.41%	20.7%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.83% in Cuba and 4.5% in Eswatini. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.