North Macedonia has a population of 1.82M (ranked 150/197), compared with 5.29M in Palestine (ranked 122/197). North Macedonia's land area is 9,737 sq mi versus 2,326 sq mi for Palestine (ranked 145th vs. 164th).
By GDP, North Macedonia ranks 138/197 ($17B) and Palestine ranks 146/197 ($13.7B). By GDP per capita, North Macedonia ranks 88/197 ($9,292), while Palestine ranks 147/197 ($2,592).
Main facts and rankings
North Macedonia
|
Palestine
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Population |
1805954
|
5500288
|
| Population rank | 150/197 | 123/197 |
| GDP |
$17B
2024 |
$13.7B
2024 |
| GDP rank | 138/197 | 146/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$9,292
2024 |
$2,592
2024 |
| GDP per capita rank | 88/197 | 147/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$26,995
2024 |
$4,371
2024 |
| Government debt |
$9.3B
2024 |
n/a |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
54.8%
2024 |
n/a |
| Government debt per person |
$5,095
2024 |
n/a |
| Government debt per person rank | 77/185 | n/a |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$7,534
2026 |
$6,862
2026 |
| Land area | 9,737 sq mi | 2,326 sq mi |
| Population density |
185.5 ppl/mi²
2026 |
2,352 ppl/mi²
2026 |
| Fertility rate |
1.5
2023 |
3.31
2023 |
| Median age |
41.6 years
2024 |
20.9 years
2024 |
| Life expectancy |
77.8 years
2026 |
77.4 years
2026 |
North Macedonia and Palestine: Comparison Charts
North Macedonia and Palestine economies compared
| Year | GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
North Macedonia
|
Palestine
|
|
| 2024 | $16,951,682,245 | $13,711,100,000 |
| 2023 | $15,855,131,189 | $17,847,900,000 |
| 2022 | $13,932,436,550 | $19,165,500,000 |
| 2021 | $14,000,283,827 | $18,109,000,000 |
| 2020 | $12,361,036,914 | $15,531,700,000 |
| 2019 | $12,606,338,449 | $17,133,500,000 |
| 2018 | $12,683,068,114 | $16,276,600,000 |
| 2017 | $11,307,067,070 | $16,128,000,000 |
| 2016 | $10,672,467,073 | $15,405,400,000 |
| 2015 | $10,064,519,963 | $13,972,400,000 |
| 2014 | $11,362,265,253 | $13,989,700,000 |
| 2013 | $10,817,702,346 | $13,515,500,000 |
| 2012 | $9,745,261,301 | $12,208,400,000 |
| 2011 | $10,494,626,768 | $11,186,100,000 |
| 2010 | $9,407,170,321 | $9,681,500,000 |
| 2009 | $9,401,736,825 | $8,085,700,000 |
| 2008 | $9,909,552,435 | $7,310,400,000 |
| 2007 | $8,336,474,974 | $5,815,700,000 |
| 2006 | $6,861,226,972 | $5,348,300,000 |
| 2005 | $6,258,602,873 | $5,125,700,000 |
| 2004 | $5,682,784,472 | $4,603,100,000 |
| 2003 | $4,946,296,599 | $3,968,000,000 |
| 2002 | $4,018,365,747 | $3,555,800,000 |
| 2001 | $3,709,636,031 | $4,003,700,000 |
| 2000 | $3,772,859,034 | $4,313,600,000 |
| 1999 | $3,863,619,285 | $4,271,200,000 |
| 1998 | $3,765,745,023 | $4,067,800,000 |
| 1997 | $3,912,986,091 | $3,759,800,000 |
| 1996 | $4,642,021,256 | $3,409,600,000 |
| 1995 | $4,707,041,315 | $3,282,800,000 |
| 1994 | $3,559,608,640 | $2,843,300,000 |
| 1993 | $2,682,456,897 | - |
| 1992 | $2,436,849,342 | - |
| 1991 | $4,938,775,510 | - |
| 1990 | $4,699,646,643 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/north-macedonia/palestine | CC BY 
North Macedonia and Palestine economies compared
| Year | GDP per capita | |
|---|---|---|
|
North Macedonia
|
Palestine
|
|
| 2024 | $9,292 | $2,592 |
| 2023 | $8,674 | $3,455 |
| 2022 | $7,606 | $3,800 |
| 2021 | $7,621 | $3,679 |
| 2020 | $6,660 | $3,234 |
| 2019 | $6,719 | $3,657 |
| 2018 | $6,714 | $3,562 |
| 2017 | $5,955 | $3,620 |
| 2016 | $5,598 | $3,528 |
| 2015 | $5,263 | $3,272 |
| 2014 | $5,925 | $3,352 |
| 2013 | $5,626 | $3,315 |
| 2012 | $5,050 | $3,067 |
| 2011 | $5,417 | $2,881 |
| 2010 | $4,833 | $2,557 |
| 2009 | $4,800 | $2,192 |
| 2008 | $5,026 | $2,035 |
| 2007 | $4,204 | $1,664 |
| 2006 | $3,440 | $1,570 |
| 2005 | $3,121 | $1,544 |
| 2004 | $2,819 | $1,422 |
| 2003 | $2,445 | $1,258 |
| 2002 | $1,989 | $1,156 |
| 2001 | $1,823 | $1,336 |
| 2000 | $1,862 | $1,476 |
| 1999 | $1,915 | $1,499 |
| 1998 | $1,876 | $1,465 |
| 1997 | $1,960 | $1,389 |
| 1996 | $2,307 | $1,317 |
| 1995 | $2,355 | $1,327 |
| 1994 | $1,786 | $1,202 |
| 1993 | $1,337 | - |
| 1992 | $1,199 | - |
| 1991 | $2,402 | - |
| 1990 | $2,277 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/north-macedonia/palestine | CC BY
North Macedonia vs. Palestine life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
North Macedonia
|
Palestine
|
|
| 2026 | 77.8 | 77.4 |
| 2025 | 77.7 | 73.1 |
| 2024 | 77.5 | 69.2 |
| 2023 | 77.4 | 65.2 |
| 2022 | 76.6 | 76.7 |
| 2021 | 73.3 | 73.9 |
| 2020 | 74.5 | 75 |
| 2019 | 76.8 | 75.8 |
| 2018 | 76.9 | 75.4 |
| 2017 | 76.2 | 75.2 |
| 2016 | 75.6 | 74.9 |
| 2015 | 75.6 | 74.6 |
| 2014 | 75.6 | 72.8 |
| 2013 | 75.6 | 74.1 |
| 2012 | 75 | 73.7 |
| 2011 | 75.1 | 73.6 |
| 2010 | 75 | 73.3 |
| 2009 | 74.5 | 72.3 |
| 2008 | 74.4 | 72.2 |
| 2007 | 73.7 | 72.1 |
| 2006 | 73.8 | 71.8 |
| 2005 | 73.6 | 72 |
| 2004 | 73.4 | 71.1 |
| 2003 | 73 | 71 |
| 2002 | 72.7 | 70.9 |
| 2001 | 73 | 69.8 |
| 2000 | 72.6 | 70.3 |
| 1999 | 72.3 | 70.8 |
| 1998 | 71.8 | 70.6 |
| 1997 | 71.9 | 70.3 |
| 1996 | 71.9 | 70 |
| 1995 | 72 | 69.6 |
| 1994 | 71.5 | 69.3 |
| 1993 | 71.7 | 68.8 |
| 1992 | 71.3 | 68.5 |
| 1991 | 71.8 | 68.2 |
| 1990 | 71.3 | 67.8 |
| 1989 | 71.1 | 67.1 |
| 1988 | 70.5 | 66.7 |
| 1987 | 70.4 | 66.3 |
| 1986 | 70.3 | 65.7 |
| 1985 | 70.2 | 65.3 |
| 1984 | 70.2 | 64.7 |
| 1983 | 69.7 | 64.1 |
| 1982 | 69.8 | 63.5 |
| 1981 | 69.4 | 62.8 |
| 1980 | 69.1 | 62.2 |
| 1979 | 69.2 | 61.5 |
| 1978 | 69.1 | 60.8 |
| 1977 | 68.2 | 60.1 |
| 1976 | 67.9 | 59.4 |
| 1975 | 67.3 | 58.7 |
| 1974 | 67.1 | 58 |
| 1973 | 67.1 | 57.6 |
| 1972 | 65.6 | 56.7 |
| 1971 | 65.2 | 56 |
| 1970 | 65 | 55.4 |
| 1969 | 64 | 54.7 |
| 1968 | 64.6 | 54.1 |
| 1967 | 63.8 | 50.9 |
| 1966 | 63.5 | 52.8 |
| 1965 | 62.6 | 52.2 |
| 1964 | 61.5 | 51.6 |
| 1963 | 61.4 | 51 |
| 1962 | 59.3 | 50.4 |
| 1961 | 61.8 | 49.8 |
| 1960 | 60.5 | 49.3 |
| 1959 | 59.5 | 48.8 |
| 1958 | 60.3 | 48.4 |
| 1957 | 55.7 | 48 |
| 1956 | 58.5 | 47.6 |
| 1955 | 55.4 | 47.2 |
| 1954 | 55.7 | 46.9 |
| 1953 | 53.2 | 46.6 |
| 1952 | 52.5 | 46.3 |
| 1951 | 48.5 | 46 |
| 1950 | 50.6 | 45.7 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).
GeoRank.org/facts/north-macedonia/palestine | CC BY
North Macedonia and Palestine population clocks and comparison
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
North Macedonia
|
Palestine
|
|
| 2024 | 1,824,359 | 5,289,152 |
| 2023 | 1,827,816 | 5,165,775 |
| 2022 | 1,831,712 | 5,043,612 |
| 2021 | 1,837,114 | 4,922,749 |
| 2020 | 1,856,124 | 4,803,269 |
| 2019 | 1,876,262 | 4,685,306 |
| 2018 | 1,889,051 | 4,569,087 |
| 2017 | 1,898,657 | 4,454,805 |
| 2016 | 1,906,313 | 4,367,088 |
| 2015 | 1,912,430 | 4,270,092 |
| 2014 | 1,917,557 | 4,173,398 |
| 2013 | 1,922,716 | 4,076,708 |
| 2012 | 1,929,821 | 3,979,998 |
| 2011 | 1,937,398 | 3,882,986 |
| 2010 | 1,946,298 | 3,786,161 |
| 2009 | 1,958,782 | 3,689,099 |
| 2008 | 1,971,493 | 3,591,977 |
| 2007 | 1,982,933 | 3,494,496 |
| 2006 | 1,994,287 | 3,406,334 |
| 2005 | 2,005,330 | 3,320,396 |
| 2004 | 2,016,186 | 3,236,626 |
| 2003 | 2,022,725 | 3,154,969 |
| 2002 | 2,020,157 | 3,075,373 |
| 2001 | 2,034,882 | 2,997,784 |
| 2000 | 2,026,350 | 2,922,153 |
| 1999 | 2,017,142 | 2,848,431 |
| 1998 | 2,007,523 | 2,776,568 |
| 1997 | 1,996,869 | 2,706,518 |
| 1996 | 2,012,553 | 2,587,997 |
| 1995 | 1,998,534 | 2,474,666 |
| 1994 | 1,992,666 | 2,366,298 |
| 1993 | 2,006,854 | 2,262,676 |
| 1992 | 2,032,523 | 2,163,591 |
| 1991 | 2,055,994 | 2,068,845 |
| 1990 | 2,063,689 | 1,978,248 |
| 1989 | 2,055,649 | - |
| 1988 | 2,045,737 | - |
| 1987 | 2,035,157 | - |
| 1986 | 2,024,732 | - |
| 1985 | 2,014,331 | - |
| 1984 | 2,003,399 | - |
| 1983 | 1,991,901 | - |
| 1982 | 1,978,956 | - |
| 1981 | 1,959,065 | - |
| 1980 | 1,933,038 | - |
| 1979 | 1,906,523 | - |
| 1978 | 1,879,847 | - |
| 1977 | 1,853,138 | - |
| 1976 | 1,825,830 | - |
| 1975 | 1,797,972 | - |
| 1974 | 1,770,545 | - |
| 1973 | 1,743,816 | - |
| 1972 | 1,717,395 | - |
| 1971 | 1,691,216 | - |
| 1970 | 1,664,208 | - |
| 1969 | 1,636,345 | - |
| 1968 | 1,608,930 | - |
| 1967 | 1,582,492 | - |
| 1966 | 1,557,349 | - |
| 1965 | 1,533,466 | - |
| 1964 | 1,510,900 | - |
| 1963 | 1,488,737 | - |
| 1962 | 1,471,745 | - |
| 1961 | 1,455,171 | - |
| 1960 | 1,435,059 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/north-macedonia/palestine | CC BY
Fertility rates in North Macedonia and Palestine
| Year | Fertility rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
North Macedonia
|
Palestine
|
|
| 2023 | 1.5 | 3.31 |
| 2022 | 1.6 | 3.38 |
| 2021 | 1.6 | 3.44 |
| 2020 | 1.31 | 3.51 |
| 2019 | 1.34 | 3.59 |
| 2018 | 1.42 | 3.67 |
| 2017 | 1.43 | 3.77 |
| 2016 | 1.5 | 3.89 |
| 2015 | 1.49 | 3.98 |
| 2014 | 1.5 | 4 |
| 2013 | 1.5 | 4.05 |
| 2012 | 1.5 | 4.15 |
| 2011 | 1.46 | 4.31 |
| 2010 | 1.6 | 4.43 |
| 2009 | 1.5 | 4.44 |
| 2008 | 1.47 | 4.51 |
| 2007 | 1.46 | 4.63 |
| 2006 | 1.46 | 4.74 |
| 2005 | 1.5 | 4.87 |
| 2004 | 1.52 | 4.97 |
| 2003 | 1.75 | 5.06 |
| 2002 | 1.79 | 5.22 |
| 2001 | 1.73 | 5.34 |
| 2000 | 1.86 | 5.46 |
| 1999 | 1.77 | 5.58 |
| 1998 | 1.89 | 5.69 |
| 1997 | 1.92 | 5.82 |
| 1996 | 2.06 | 5.99 |
| 1995 | 2.13 | 6.16 |
| 1994 | 2.23 | 6.33 |
| 1993 | 2.26 | 6.5 |
| 1992 | 2.28 | 6.65 |
| 1991 | 2.31 | 6.75 |
| 1990 | 2.27 | 6.81 |
| 1989 | 2.25 | - |
| 1988 | 2.32 | - |
| 1987 | 2.32 | - |
| 1986 | 2.25 | - |
| 1985 | 2.25 | - |
| 1984 | 2.24 | - |
| 1983 | 2.25 | - |
| 1982 | 2.29 | - |
| 1981 | 2.29 | - |
| 1980 | 2.36 | - |
| 1979 | 2.4 | - |
| 1978 | 2.42 | - |
| 1977 | 2.49 | - |
| 1976 | 2.62 | - |
| 1975 | 2.69 | - |
| 1974 | 2.7 | - |
| 1973 | 2.72 | - |
| 1972 | 2.87 | - |
| 1971 | 2.93 | - |
| 1970 | 3.01 | - |
| 1969 | 3.1 | - |
| 1968 | 3.22 | - |
| 1967 | 3.33 | - |
| 1966 | 3.43 | - |
| 1965 | 3.52 | - |
| 1964 | 3.56 | - |
| 1963 | 3.62 | - |
| 1962 | 3.5 | - |
| 1961 | 3.62 | - |
| 1960 | 3.83 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/north-macedonia/palestine | CC BY
North Macedonia and Palestine demographics compared
| Year | Median age, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
North Macedonia
|
Palestine
|
|
| 2024 | 41.6 | 20.9 |
| 2023 | 41.3 | 20.8 |
| 2022 | 40.9 | 20.6 |
| 2021 | 40.7 | 20.4 |
| 2020 | 40.3 | 20.3 |
| 2019 | 39.9 | 20.2 |
| 2018 | 39.4 | 20 |
| 2017 | 38.8 | 19.9 |
| 2016 | 38.3 | 19.8 |
| 2015 | 37.8 | 19.6 |
| 2014 | 37.3 | 19.4 |
| 2013 | 36.9 | 19.1 |
| 2012 | 36.4 | 18.9 |
| 2011 | 36 | 18.6 |
| 2010 | 35.5 | 18.4 |
| 2009 | 35.1 | 18.1 |
| 2008 | 34.7 | 17.9 |
| 2007 | 34.3 | 17.6 |
| 2006 | 33.9 | 17.4 |
| 2005 | 33.5 | 17.1 |
| 2004 | 33.2 | 16.9 |
| 2003 | 32.8 | 16.7 |
| 2002 | 32.6 | 16.5 |
| 2001 | 32.2 | 16.3 |
| 2000 | 31.9 | 16.2 |
| 1999 | 31.5 | 16 |
| 1998 | 31.2 | 15.9 |
| 1997 | 31 | 15.8 |
| 1996 | 30.8 | 15.7 |
| 1995 | 30.5 | 15.6 |
| 1994 | 30.3 | 15.5 |
| 1993 | 29.9 | 15.5 |
| 1992 | 29.6 | 15.4 |
| 1991 | 29.2 | 15.4 |
| 1990 | 28.9 | 15.4 |
| 1989 | 28.6 | - |
| 1988 | 28.3 | - |
| 1987 | 28 | - |
| 1986 | 27.8 | - |
| 1985 | 27.5 | - |
| 1984 | 27.2 | - |
| 1983 | 26.8 | - |
| 1982 | 26.5 | - |
| 1981 | 26.2 | - |
| 1980 | 25.9 | - |
| 1979 | 25.5 | - |
| 1978 | 25.2 | - |
| 1977 | 24.8 | - |
| 1976 | 24.5 | - |
| 1975 | 24.2 | - |
| 1974 | 23.9 | - |
| 1973 | 23.6 | - |
| 1972 | 23.3 | - |
| 1971 | 23.1 | - |
| 1970 | 22.8 | - |
| 1969 | 22.6 | - |
| 1968 | 22.4 | - |
| 1967 | 22.2 | - |
| 1966 | 22 | - |
| 1965 | 21.9 | - |
| 1964 | 21.9 | - |
| 1963 | 21.9 | - |
| 1962 | 21.9 | - |
| 1961 | 21.8 | - |
| 1960 | 21.8 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/north-macedonia/palestine | CC BY
Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to switch between world maps comparing statistics for North Macedonia and Palestine.
National statistics comparison
Finance
|
North Macedonia
|
Palestine
|
|
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$15.1B
2024 |
$14.3B
2024 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
36.7%
2024 |
20%
2025 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
3.3%
2002 |
5.43%
2021 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
2.1%
2024 |
n/a |
| Armed forces personnel |
16,000
2020 |
0
2020 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
-4.45%
2024 |
n/a |
| Unemployment rate |
12.3%
2024 |
31.4%
2024 |
| Services, % of GDP |
56.2%
2024 |
58.5%
2023 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
24.1%
2024 |
15.6%
2023 |
| Economic freedom index |
63.3
2026 |
30
2025 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
22.9%
2019 |
27.1%
2023 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
1.9%
2019 |
2.5%
2023 |
| Listed domestic companies | n/a |
48
2024 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies | n/a |
$4.08B
2024 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$5.25B
2024 |
$1.33B
2024 |
| Personal remittances received |
$458M
2024 |
$736M
2024 |
| International tourist arrivals |
118,000
2020 |
93,000
2020 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
3.52%
2020 |
9.43%
2018 |
| Banked people share |
84.3%
2024 |
39.6%
2024 |
Energy
|
North Macedonia
|
Palestine
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
1,450 kg
2023 |
n/a |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$17.5
2023 |
n/a |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
7.3 megatons
2024 |
n/a |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
4 tons
2024 |
n/a |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
82.2%
2022 |
n/a |
| Renewable energy use share |
19.5%
2021 |
15.4%
2022 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
7.2%
2023 |
n/a |
| Net energy imports use share |
63.8%
2023 |
n/a |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
3,320 kWh
2023 |
n/a |
| Renewable electricity output share |
31%
2021 |
24.5%
2021 |
| Hydroelectric share |
23.6%
2023 |
0%
2021 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
0%
2021 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
100%
2023 |
Society
|
North Macedonia
|
Palestine
|
|
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.02%
2024 |
0.07%
2024 |
| Annual migration change |
-5,645
2025 |
-23,156
2025 |
| Urban population |
62.6%
2024 |
87.1%
2024 |
| Male:Female ratio |
48.6:51.4
2024 |
49.6:50.4
2024 |
| Average male height |
5.79 ft
2025 |
5.74 ft
2025 |
| Average female height |
5.28 ft
2025 |
5.29 ft
2025 |
| Quality of life index |
57.6
2026 |
35.4
2026 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
40
2025 |
18
2025 |
| Higher education index |
63
2026 |
49
2026 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
1.53
2023 |
1.41
2022 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
5.1
2019 |
5.3
2016 |
| Visa free countries |
131
2025 |
47
2025 |
| Adult literacy rate |
97.6%
2012 |
97.9%
2024 |
| English speaking |
5%
2025 |
20%
2025 |
| People using the Internet |
87.2%
2023 |
86.6%
2023 |
Health
|
North Macedonia
|
Palestine
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$639
2023 |
$346
2023 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$253
2023 |
$145.4
2023 |
| Life expectancy |
77.8 years
2026 |
77.4 years
2026 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
0.002%
2018 |
8.65%
2023 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
2.94
2022 |
2.17
2018 |
| Age at first childbirth |
27.4 years
2022 |
n/a |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
3
2023 |
16
2023 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age |
3.3
2023 |
26.3
2023 |
| Obesity rate |
28.4%
2022 |
38.5%
2022 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
7.4%
2024 |
15.5%
2024 |
| Air quality index |
32
2026 |
45
2026 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
4.36 liters
2020 |
n/a |
Territory
|
North Macedonia
|
Palestine
|
|
|---|---|---|
| % of world land |
0.02%
2026 |
0.004%
2026 |
| Land area per capita |
5,337 sq mi
2024 |
440 sq mi
2024 |
| Agricultural land area |
4,830 sq mi
2026 |
1,510 sq mi
2026 |
| Forest area |
3,867 sq mi
2026 |
39.2 sq mi
2026 |
| Roads length |
8,812 mi
2017 |
n/a |
In-depth comparisons
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
- World Obesity Federation (2022, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Passport Index (2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- EduRank (2026, retrieved 2025-10-13)
- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2022, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- Transparency International (2025, retrieved 2026-02-10)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
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