North Macedonia has a population of 1.82M (ranked 150/197), compared with 11.9M in South Sudan (ranked 81/197). North Macedonia's land area is 9,737 sq mi versus 243,990 sq mi for South Sudan (ranked 145th vs. 41st).
By GDP, North Macedonia ranks 138/197 ($17B) and South Sudan ranks 149/197 ($12B). By GDP per capita, North Macedonia ranks 88/197 ($9,292), while South Sudan ranks 175/197 ($1,080).
Main facts and rankings
North Macedonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Population |
1805954
|
12507858
|
| Population rank | 150/197 | 80/197 |
| GDP |
$17B
2024 |
$12B
2015 |
| GDP rank | 138/197 | 149/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$9,292
2024 |
$1,080
2015 |
| GDP per capita rank | 88/197 | 175/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$26,995
2024 |
$1,155
2015 |
| Government debt |
$9.3B
2024 |
$7.04B
2015 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
54.8%
2024 |
50.7%
2024 |
| Government debt per person |
$5,095
2024 |
$633
2015 |
| Government debt per person rank | 77/185 | 158/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$7,534
2026 |
$1,305
2026 |
| Land area | 9,737 sq mi | 243,990 sq mi |
| Population density |
185.5 ppl/mi²
2026 |
51 ppl/mi²
2026 |
| Fertility rate |
1.5
2023 |
3.86
2023 |
| Median age |
41.6 years
2024 |
19.4 years
2024 |
| Life expectancy |
77.8 years
2026 |
58 years
2026 |
North Macedonia and South Sudan: Comparison Charts
North Macedonia and South Sudan economies compared
| Year | GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
North Macedonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
| 2024 | $16,951,682,245 | - |
| 2023 | $15,855,131,189 | - |
| 2022 | $13,932,436,550 | - |
| 2021 | $14,000,283,827 | - |
| 2020 | $12,361,036,914 | - |
| 2019 | $12,606,338,449 | - |
| 2018 | $12,683,068,114 | - |
| 2017 | $11,307,067,070 | - |
| 2016 | $10,672,467,073 | - |
| 2015 | $10,064,519,963 | $11,997,800,760 |
| 2014 | $11,362,265,253 | $13,962,212,847 |
| 2013 | $10,817,702,346 | $18,426,469,017 |
| 2012 | $9,745,261,301 | $11,931,472,169 |
| 2011 | $10,494,626,768 | $14,907,308,933 |
| 2010 | $9,407,170,321 | $14,602,072,411 |
| 2009 | $9,401,736,825 | $12,231,264,525 |
| 2008 | $9,909,552,435 | $14,586,253,383 |
| 2007 | $8,336,474,974 | - |
| 2006 | $6,861,226,972 | - |
| 2005 | $6,258,602,873 | - |
| 2004 | $5,682,784,472 | - |
| 2003 | $4,946,296,599 | - |
| 2002 | $4,018,365,747 | - |
| 2001 | $3,709,636,031 | - |
| 2000 | $3,772,859,034 | - |
| 1999 | $3,863,619,285 | - |
| 1998 | $3,765,745,023 | - |
| 1997 | $3,912,986,091 | - |
| 1996 | $4,642,021,256 | - |
| 1995 | $4,707,041,315 | - |
| 1994 | $3,559,608,640 | - |
| 1993 | $2,682,456,897 | - |
| 1992 | $2,436,849,342 | - |
| 1991 | $4,938,775,510 | - |
| 1990 | $4,699,646,643 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/north-macedonia/south-sudan | CC BY 
North Macedonia and South Sudan economies compared
| Year | GDP per capita | |
|---|---|---|
|
North Macedonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
| 2024 | $9,292 | - |
| 2023 | $8,674 | - |
| 2022 | $7,606 | - |
| 2021 | $7,621 | - |
| 2020 | $6,660 | - |
| 2019 | $6,719 | - |
| 2018 | $6,714 | - |
| 2017 | $5,955 | - |
| 2016 | $5,598 | - |
| 2015 | $5,263 | $1,080 |
| 2014 | $5,925 | $1,243 |
| 2013 | $5,626 | $1,650 |
| 2012 | $5,050 | $1,109 |
| 2011 | $5,417 | $1,449 |
| 2010 | $4,833 | $1,498 |
| 2009 | $4,800 | $1,323 |
| 2008 | $5,026 | $1,654 |
| 2007 | $4,204 | - |
| 2006 | $3,440 | - |
| 2005 | $3,121 | - |
| 2004 | $2,819 | - |
| 2003 | $2,445 | - |
| 2002 | $1,989 | - |
| 2001 | $1,823 | - |
| 2000 | $1,862 | - |
| 1999 | $1,915 | - |
| 1998 | $1,876 | - |
| 1997 | $1,960 | - |
| 1996 | $2,307 | - |
| 1995 | $2,355 | - |
| 1994 | $1,786 | - |
| 1993 | $1,337 | - |
| 1992 | $1,199 | - |
| 1991 | $2,402 | - |
| 1990 | $2,277 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/north-macedonia/south-sudan | CC BY
North Macedonia vs. South Sudan life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
North Macedonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
| 2026 | 77.8 | 58 |
| 2025 | 77.7 | 57.9 |
| 2024 | 77.5 | 57.7 |
| 2023 | 77.4 | 57.6 |
| 2022 | 76.6 | 57.2 |
| 2021 | 73.3 | 57 |
| 2020 | 74.5 | 57.6 |
| 2019 | 76.8 | 58.1 |
| 2018 | 76.9 | 51.9 |
| 2017 | 76.2 | 35.4 |
| 2016 | 75.6 | 36.7 |
| 2015 | 75.6 | 39.8 |
| 2014 | 75.6 | 45.6 |
| 2013 | 75.6 | 58.3 |
| 2012 | 75 | 58.2 |
| 2011 | 75.1 | 57.7 |
| 2010 | 75 | 57.5 |
| 2009 | 74.5 | 56.8 |
| 2008 | 74.4 | 56.3 |
| 2007 | 73.7 | 55.4 |
| 2006 | 73.8 | 54.7 |
| 2005 | 73.6 | 54 |
| 2004 | 73.4 | 53.1 |
| 2003 | 73 | 52.3 |
| 2002 | 72.7 | 49.4 |
| 2001 | 73 | 48.6 |
| 2000 | 72.6 | 47.6 |
| 1999 | 72.3 | 44.5 |
| 1998 | 71.8 | 19 |
| 1997 | 71.9 | 33.1 |
| 1996 | 71.9 | 32.1 |
| 1995 | 72 | 31.5 |
| 1994 | 71.5 | 44.9 |
| 1993 | 71.7 | 22.3 |
| 1992 | 71.3 | 21.9 |
| 1991 | 71.8 | 29.2 |
| 1990 | 71.3 | 28.6 |
| 1989 | 71.1 | 28.2 |
| 1988 | 70.5 | 11 |
| 1987 | 70.4 | 20.7 |
| 1986 | 70.3 | 32.8 |
| 1985 | 70.2 | 32.4 |
| 1984 | 70.2 | 31.8 |
| 1983 | 69.7 | 34.7 |
| 1982 | 69.8 | 38.7 |
| 1981 | 69.4 | 38.3 |
| 1980 | 69.1 | 38 |
| 1979 | 69.2 | 37.8 |
| 1978 | 69.1 | 37.6 |
| 1977 | 68.2 | 37.4 |
| 1976 | 67.9 | 37.1 |
| 1975 | 67.3 | 36.9 |
| 1974 | 67.1 | 36.6 |
| 1973 | 67.1 | 36.3 |
| 1972 | 65.6 | 31.3 |
| 1971 | 65.2 | 31 |
| 1970 | 65 | 25.6 |
| 1969 | 64 | 25.4 |
| 1968 | 64.6 | 26.1 |
| 1967 | 63.8 | 25.9 |
| 1966 | 63.5 | 25.6 |
| 1965 | 62.6 | 28.8 |
| 1964 | 61.5 | 32.5 |
| 1963 | 61.4 | 28.2 |
| 1962 | 59.3 | 28.5 |
| 1961 | 61.8 | 28.3 |
| 1960 | 60.5 | 28.1 |
| 1959 | 59.5 | 27.8 |
| 1958 | 60.3 | 27.6 |
| 1957 | 55.7 | 30.9 |
| 1956 | 58.5 | 31.6 |
| 1955 | 55.4 | 32 |
| 1954 | 55.7 | 31.7 |
| 1953 | 53.2 | 31.4 |
| 1952 | 52.5 | 31 |
| 1951 | 48.5 | 30.6 |
| 1950 | 50.6 | 30.2 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).
GeoRank.org/facts/north-macedonia/south-sudan | CC BY
North Macedonia and South Sudan population clocks and comparison
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
North Macedonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
| 2024 | 1,824,359 | 11,943,408 |
| 2023 | 1,827,816 | 11,483,374 |
| 2022 | 1,831,712 | 11,021,177 |
| 2021 | 1,837,114 | 10,865,780 |
| 2020 | 1,856,124 | 10,698,467 |
| 2019 | 1,876,262 | 10,423,384 |
| 2018 | 1,889,051 | 10,122,977 |
| 2017 | 1,898,657 | 10,259,154 |
| 2016 | 1,906,313 | 10,830,102 |
| 2015 | 1,912,430 | 11,107,561 |
| 2014 | 1,917,557 | 11,235,073 |
| 2013 | 1,922,716 | 11,166,275 |
| 2012 | 1,929,821 | 10,756,240 |
| 2011 | 1,937,398 | 10,288,109 |
| 2010 | 1,946,298 | 9,745,953 |
| 2009 | 1,958,782 | 9,243,556 |
| 2008 | 1,971,493 | 8,817,647 |
| 2007 | 1,982,933 | 8,388,788 |
| 2006 | 1,994,287 | 7,976,526 |
| 2005 | 2,005,330 | 7,590,143 |
| 2004 | 2,016,186 | 7,233,041 |
| 2003 | 2,022,725 | 6,903,127 |
| 2002 | 2,020,157 | 6,596,806 |
| 2001 | 2,034,882 | 6,308,391 |
| 2000 | 2,026,350 | 6,032,267 |
| 1999 | 2,017,142 | 5,771,628 |
| 1998 | 2,007,523 | 5,620,068 |
| 1997 | 1,996,869 | 5,509,136 |
| 1996 | 2,012,553 | 5,356,925 |
| 1995 | 1,998,534 | 5,225,836 |
| 1994 | 1,992,666 | 5,071,184 |
| 1993 | 2,006,854 | 4,956,002 |
| 1992 | 2,032,523 | 4,909,749 |
| 1991 | 2,055,994 | 4,836,677 |
| 1990 | 2,063,689 | 4,737,633 |
| 1989 | 2,055,649 | 4,713,229 |
| 1988 | 2,045,737 | 4,848,029 |
| 1987 | 2,035,157 | 4,962,395 |
| 1986 | 2,024,732 | 4,921,240 |
| 1985 | 2,014,331 | 4,834,296 |
| 1984 | 2,003,399 | 4,750,627 |
| 1983 | 1,991,901 | 4,661,574 |
| 1982 | 1,978,956 | 4,557,686 |
| 1981 | 1,959,065 | 4,447,272 |
| 1980 | 1,933,038 | 4,339,030 |
| 1979 | 1,906,523 | 4,232,605 |
| 1978 | 1,879,847 | 4,127,657 |
| 1977 | 1,853,138 | 4,024,032 |
| 1976 | 1,825,830 | 3,921,910 |
| 1975 | 1,797,972 | 3,821,494 |
| 1974 | 1,770,545 | 3,723,259 |
| 1973 | 1,743,816 | 3,627,383 |
| 1972 | 1,717,395 | 3,542,497 |
| 1971 | 1,691,216 | 3,468,646 |
| 1970 | 1,664,208 | 3,409,614 |
| 1969 | 1,636,345 | 3,365,533 |
| 1968 | 1,608,930 | 3,321,528 |
| 1967 | 1,582,492 | 3,277,648 |
| 1966 | 1,557,349 | 3,236,423 |
| 1965 | 1,533,466 | 3,189,835 |
| 1964 | 1,510,900 | 3,129,918 |
| 1963 | 1,488,737 | 3,072,669 |
| 1962 | 1,471,745 | 3,024,308 |
| 1961 | 1,455,171 | 2,976,724 |
| 1960 | 1,435,059 | 2,931,559 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/north-macedonia/south-sudan | CC BY
Fertility rates in North Macedonia and South Sudan
| Year | Fertility rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
North Macedonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
| 2023 | 1.5 | 3.86 |
| 2022 | 1.6 | 3.96 |
| 2021 | 1.6 | 4.05 |
| 2020 | 1.31 | 4.16 |
| 2019 | 1.34 | 4.26 |
| 2018 | 1.42 | 4.37 |
| 2017 | 1.43 | 4.48 |
| 2016 | 1.5 | 4.58 |
| 2015 | 1.49 | 4.7 |
| 2014 | 1.5 | 4.82 |
| 2013 | 1.5 | 4.94 |
| 2012 | 1.5 | 5.06 |
| 2011 | 1.46 | 5.19 |
| 2010 | 1.6 | 5.32 |
| 2009 | 1.5 | 5.45 |
| 2008 | 1.47 | 5.57 |
| 2007 | 1.46 | 5.7 |
| 2006 | 1.46 | 5.85 |
| 2005 | 1.5 | 6.02 |
| 2004 | 1.52 | 6.19 |
| 2003 | 1.75 | 6.35 |
| 2002 | 1.79 | 6.52 |
| 2001 | 1.73 | 6.65 |
| 2000 | 1.86 | 6.8 |
| 1999 | 1.77 | 6.94 |
| 1998 | 1.89 | 7.08 |
| 1997 | 1.92 | 7.2 |
| 1996 | 2.06 | 7.32 |
| 1995 | 2.13 | 7.34 |
| 1994 | 2.23 | 7.35 |
| 1993 | 2.26 | 7.36 |
| 1992 | 2.28 | 7.37 |
| 1991 | 2.31 | 7.38 |
| 1990 | 2.27 | 7.38 |
| 1989 | 2.25 | 7.37 |
| 1988 | 2.32 | 7.38 |
| 1987 | 2.32 | 7.39 |
| 1986 | 2.25 | 7.38 |
| 1985 | 2.25 | 7.36 |
| 1984 | 2.24 | 7.35 |
| 1983 | 2.25 | 7.34 |
| 1982 | 2.29 | 7.34 |
| 1981 | 2.29 | 7.33 |
| 1980 | 2.36 | 7.33 |
| 1979 | 2.4 | 7.32 |
| 1978 | 2.42 | 7.33 |
| 1977 | 2.49 | 7.33 |
| 1976 | 2.62 | 7.33 |
| 1975 | 2.69 | 7.33 |
| 1974 | 2.7 | 7.31 |
| 1973 | 2.72 | 7.31 |
| 1972 | 2.87 | 7.31 |
| 1971 | 2.93 | 7.3 |
| 1970 | 3.01 | 7.29 |
| 1969 | 3.1 | 7.28 |
| 1968 | 3.22 | 7.26 |
| 1967 | 3.33 | 7.26 |
| 1966 | 3.43 | 7.25 |
| 1965 | 3.52 | 7.22 |
| 1964 | 3.56 | 7.22 |
| 1963 | 3.62 | 7.2 |
| 1962 | 3.5 | 7.2 |
| 1961 | 3.62 | 7.18 |
| 1960 | 3.83 | 7.16 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/north-macedonia/south-sudan | CC BY
North Macedonia and South Sudan demographics compared
| Year | Median age, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
North Macedonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
| 2024 | 41.6 | 19.4 |
| 2023 | 41.3 | 19 |
| 2022 | 40.9 | 18.7 |
| 2021 | 40.7 | 18.4 |
| 2020 | 40.3 | 18.2 |
| 2019 | 39.9 | 17.8 |
| 2018 | 39.4 | 17.3 |
| 2017 | 38.8 | 17.4 |
| 2016 | 38.3 | 18.2 |
| 2015 | 37.8 | 18.6 |
| 2014 | 37.3 | 19 |
| 2013 | 36.9 | 19.3 |
| 2012 | 36.4 | 19.2 |
| 2011 | 36 | 19 |
| 2010 | 35.5 | 18.7 |
| 2009 | 35.1 | 18.4 |
| 2008 | 34.7 | 18.2 |
| 2007 | 34.3 | 18 |
| 2006 | 33.9 | 17.8 |
| 2005 | 33.5 | 17.6 |
| 2004 | 33.2 | 17.4 |
| 2003 | 32.8 | 17.3 |
| 2002 | 32.6 | 17.3 |
| 2001 | 32.2 | 17.3 |
| 2000 | 31.9 | 17.2 |
| 1999 | 31.5 | 17.1 |
| 1998 | 31.2 | 17 |
| 1997 | 31 | 16.9 |
| 1996 | 30.8 | 16.9 |
| 1995 | 30.5 | 16.9 |
| 1994 | 30.3 | 16.9 |
| 1993 | 29.9 | 16.9 |
| 1992 | 29.6 | 17 |
| 1991 | 29.2 | 17 |
| 1990 | 28.9 | 17 |
| 1989 | 28.6 | 17.1 |
| 1988 | 28.3 | 16.8 |
| 1987 | 28 | 16.5 |
| 1986 | 27.8 | 16.6 |
| 1985 | 27.5 | 16.7 |
| 1984 | 27.2 | 16.8 |
| 1983 | 26.8 | 16.8 |
| 1982 | 26.5 | 16.9 |
| 1981 | 26.2 | 17 |
| 1980 | 25.9 | 17.1 |
| 1979 | 25.5 | 17.1 |
| 1978 | 25.2 | 17.2 |
| 1977 | 24.8 | 17.2 |
| 1976 | 24.5 | 17.3 |
| 1975 | 24.2 | 17.4 |
| 1974 | 23.9 | 17.4 |
| 1973 | 23.6 | 17.5 |
| 1972 | 23.3 | 17.5 |
| 1971 | 23.1 | 17.6 |
| 1970 | 22.8 | 17.7 |
| 1969 | 22.6 | 17.9 |
| 1968 | 22.4 | 18 |
| 1967 | 22.2 | 18.2 |
| 1966 | 22 | 18.3 |
| 1965 | 21.9 | 18.3 |
| 1964 | 21.9 | 18.4 |
| 1963 | 21.9 | 18.4 |
| 1962 | 21.9 | 18.5 |
| 1961 | 21.8 | 18.5 |
| 1960 | 21.8 | 18.6 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/north-macedonia/south-sudan | CC BY
Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to switch between world maps comparing statistics for North Macedonia and South Sudan.
National statistics comparison
Finance
|
North Macedonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$15.1B
2024 |
$11.7B
2015 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
36.7%
2024 |
18.1%
2024 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
3.3%
2002 |
1.57%
2016 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
2.1%
2024 |
1.96%
2024 |
| Armed forces personnel |
16,000
2020 |
53,000
2020 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
-4.45%
2024 |
+11.7%
2024 |
| Unemployment rate |
12.3%
2024 |
12.3%
2008 |
| Services, % of GDP |
56.2%
2024 |
56.6%
2015 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
24.1%
2024 |
33.1%
2015 |
| Economic freedom index |
63.3
2026 |
41
2025 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
22.9%
2019 |
33%
2016 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
1.9%
2019 |
1.8%
2016 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$5.25B
2024 |
$72.9M
2023 |
| Personal remittances received |
$458M
2024 |
$1.14B
2024 |
| International tourist arrivals |
118,000
2020 |
n/a |
| International tourism as share of exports |
3.52%
2020 |
0.39%
2018 |
| Banked people share |
84.3%
2024 |
5.83%
2021 |
Energy
|
North Macedonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
1,450 kg
2023 |
69 kg
2022 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$17.5
2023 |
$15.1
2015 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
7.3 megatons
2024 |
n/a |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
4 tons
2024 |
n/a |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
82.2%
2022 |
73.4%
2022 |
| Renewable energy use share |
19.5%
2021 |
32.4%
2021 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
7.2%
2023 |
0.4%
2022 |
| Net energy imports use share |
63.8%
2023 |
-860%
2022 |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
3,320 kWh
2023 |
46.9 kWh
2022 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
31%
2021 |
0.34%
2021 |
| Hydroelectric share |
23.6%
2023 |
0%
2021 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
0%
2021 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
5.4%
2023 |
Society
|
North Macedonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.02%
2024 |
0.15%
2024 |
| Annual migration change |
-5,645
2025 |
+6,145
2025 |
| Urban population |
62.6%
2024 |
21.4%
2024 |
| Male:Female ratio |
48.6:51.4
2024 |
49.2:50.8
2024 |
| Average male height |
5.79 ft
2025 |
n/a |
| Average female height |
5.28 ft
2025 |
n/a |
| Quality of life index |
57.6
2026 |
4.76
2026 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
40
2025 |
9
2025 |
| Higher education index |
63
2026 |
14
2026 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
1.53
2023 |
14.1
2012 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
5.1
2019 |
36.7
2019 |
| Visa free countries |
131
2025 |
50
2025 |
| Adult literacy rate |
97.6%
2012 |
34.5%
2018 |
| English speaking |
5%
2025 |
94%
2023 |
| People using the Internet |
87.2%
2023 |
9.27%
2020 |
Health
|
North Macedonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$639
2023 |
$72.8
2023 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$253
2023 |
$19.7
2023 |
| Life expectancy |
77.8 years
2026 |
58 years
2026 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
0.002%
2018 |
62.3%
2023 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
2.94
2022 |
0.04
2022 |
| Age at first childbirth |
27.4 years
2022 |
n/a |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
3
2023 |
692
2023 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age |
3.3
2023 |
98.7
2023 |
| Obesity rate |
28.4%
2022 |
8.79%
2022 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
7.4%
2024 |
4.6%
2024 |
| Air quality index |
32
2026 |
22
2026 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
4.36 liters
2020 |
n/a |
Territory
|
North Macedonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| % of world land |
0.02%
2026 |
0.42%
2026 |
| Land area per capita |
5,337 sq mi
2024 |
20,429 sq mi
2024 |
| Agricultural land area |
4,830 sq mi
2026 |
109,449 sq mi
2026 |
| Forest area |
3,867 sq mi
2026 |
27,633 sq mi
2026 |
| Roads length |
8,812 mi
2017 |
n/a |
In-depth comparisons
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2015–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
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