The latest officially reported population of Mongolia was 3,568,978 in 2025 vs 143,513,328 people in Russia in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Mongolia's population is 3,630,744 people compared to 142,643,173 in Russia.
Population statistics:
- Russia's population is 39.3 times bigger than Mongolia's.
- Mongolia is ranked the 132nd most populous country in the world, while Russia is the 9th.
- The countries together account for 1.76% of the world: 0.04% for Mongolia vs 1.72% for Russia.
- For the last 10 years, Mongolia has had an average growth rate of +1.71% per year vs -0.05% in Russia.
- Since 2006, the population of Mongolia has increased from 2.57M people to 3.63M (41.4% growth), while Russia has declined from 143M to 143M (0.28% decline).
Mongolia vs Russia: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Mongolia
|
Russia
|
|
| 2100 | 5,630,532 | 125,631,984 |
| 2099 | 5,624,298 | 125,735,285 |
| 2098 | 5,616,442 | 125,835,990 |
| 2097 | 5,607,739 | 125,914,480 |
| 2096 | 5,598,366 | 126,004,709 |
| 2095 | 5,587,141 | 126,072,890 |
| 2094 | 5,575,743 | 126,125,529 |
| 2093 | 5,563,600 | 126,181,074 |
| 2092 | 5,550,506 | 126,256,091 |
| 2091 | 5,537,031 | 126,304,823 |
| 2090 | 5,522,419 | 126,360,262 |
| 2089 | 5,507,083 | 126,412,664 |
| 2088 | 5,491,226 | 126,463,022 |
| 2087 | 5,475,425 | 126,511,263 |
| 2086 | 5,459,661 | 126,579,534 |
| 2085 | 5,442,388 | 126,655,806 |
| 2084 | 5,424,928 | 126,730,694 |
| 2083 | 5,406,747 | 126,805,713 |
| 2082 | 5,388,623 | 126,889,471 |
| 2081 | 5,369,593 | 126,973,300 |
| 2080 | 5,349,817 | 127,070,546 |
| 2079 | 5,329,240 | 127,191,346 |
| 2078 | 5,307,283 | 127,331,975 |
| 2077 | 5,286,383 | 127,489,152 |
| 2076 | 5,264,220 | 127,641,749 |
| 2075 | 5,241,700 | 127,825,235 |
| 2074 | 5,218,897 | 128,023,096 |
| 2073 | 5,195,622 | 128,238,922 |
| 2072 | 5,172,532 | 128,465,870 |
| 2071 | 5,149,066 | 128,745,681 |
| 2070 | 5,124,853 | 129,020,076 |
| 2069 | 5,101,195 | 129,309,803 |
| 2068 | 5,077,035 | 129,589,275 |
| 2067 | 5,052,818 | 129,873,991 |
| 2066 | 5,027,552 | 130,184,092 |
| 2065 | 5,002,655 | 130,515,828 |
| 2064 | 4,978,185 | 130,852,649 |
| 2063 | 4,953,806 | 131,199,458 |
| 2062 | 4,929,364 | 131,530,725 |
| 2061 | 4,904,690 | 131,881,030 |
| 2060 | 4,878,877 | 132,209,377 |
| 2059 | 4,852,963 | 132,568,882 |
| 2058 | 4,826,761 | 132,933,515 |
| 2057 | 4,799,120 | 133,272,997 |
| 2056 | 4,771,151 | 133,615,325 |
| 2055 | 4,742,184 | 133,963,055 |
| 2054 | 4,711,735 | 134,288,366 |
| 2053 | 4,679,745 | 134,609,198 |
| 2052 | 4,646,658 | 134,876,558 |
| 2051 | 4,612,090 | 135,141,211 |
| 2050 | 4,576,701 | 135,386,454 |
| 2049 | 4,539,215 | 135,609,441 |
| 2048 | 4,500,638 | 135,818,840 |
| 2047 | 4,460,511 | 136,013,698 |
| 2046 | 4,419,188 | 136,185,098 |
| 2045 | 4,376,222 | 136,368,416 |
| 2044 | 4,333,010 | 136,568,234 |
| 2043 | 4,289,776 | 136,791,498 |
| 2042 | 4,245,757 | 137,015,033 |
| 2041 | 4,201,838 | 137,266,491 |
| 2040 | 4,158,320 | 137,531,851 |
| 2039 | 4,115,023 | 137,833,822 |
| 2038 | 4,072,646 | 138,146,863 |
| 2037 | 4,030,644 | 138,485,780 |
| 2036 | 3,989,867 | 138,835,731 |
| 2035 | 3,950,239 | 139,197,452 |
| 2034 | 3,911,316 | 139,573,272 |
| 2033 | 3,873,353 | 139,960,175 |
| 2032 | 3,836,311 | 140,359,785 |
| 2031 | 3,800,027 | 140,785,026 |
| 2030 | 3,763,374 | 141,182,418 |
| 2029 | 3,726,490 | 141,571,268 |
| 2028 | 3,688,767 | 141,946,979 |
| 2027 | 3,650,012 | 142,315,155 |
| 2026 | 3,610,395 | 142,643,173 |
| 2025 | 3,568,978 | 143,513,328 |
| 2024 | 3,524,788 | 143,669,648 |
| 2023 | 3,481,145 | 143,826,130 |
| 2022 | 3,433,748 | 144,236,933 |
| 2021 | 3,383,741 | 144,746,762 |
| 2020 | 3,327,204 | 145,245,148 |
| 2019 | 3,267,673 | 145,453,291 |
| 2018 | 3,208,189 | 145,398,106 |
| 2017 | 3,148,917 | 145,293,260 |
| 2016 | 3,088,856 | 145,015,460 |
| 2015 | 3,026,864 | 144,640,716 |
| 2014 | 2,963,113 | 144,237,223 |
| 2013 | 2,899,011 | 143,805,638 |
| 2012 | 2,839,705 | 143,378,447 |
| 2011 | 2,786,317 | 143,018,195 |
| 2010 | 2,738,622 | 142,849,468 |
| 2009 | 2,691,115 | 142,785,348 |
| 2008 | 2,643,201 | 142,742,366 |
| 2007 | 2,601,850 | 142,805,114 |
| 2006 | 2,567,168 | 143,049,637 |
| 2005 | 2,536,407 | 143,518,814 |
| 2004 | 2,508,412 | 144,067,316 |
| 2003 | 2,480,374 | 144,648,618 |
| 2002 | 2,449,027 | 145,306,497 |
| 2001 | 2,417,751 | 145,976,482 |
| 2000 | 2,388,299 | 146,596,869 |
| 1999 | 2,356,813 | 147,214,776 |
| 1998 | 2,323,809 | 147,670,784 |
| 1997 | 2,291,750 | 147,915,361 |
| 1996 | 2,259,507 | 148,160,129 |
| 1995 | 2,224,945 | 148,375,787 |
| 1994 | 2,189,395 | 148,407,912 |
| 1993 | 2,165,130 | 148,458,777 |
| 1992 | 2,167,790 | 148,538,197 |
| 1991 | 2,165,342 | 148,394,216 |
| 1990 | 2,098,710 | 147,969,406 |
| 1989 | 2,124,185 | 147,721,000 |
| 1988 | 2,076,322 | 146,857,000 |
| 1987 | 2,022,800 | 145,908,000 |
| 1986 | 1,970,965 | 144,894,000 |
| 1985 | 1,921,514 | 143,858,000 |
| 1984 | 1,874,349 | 142,745,000 |
| 1983 | 1,829,092 | 141,668,000 |
| 1982 | 1,785,364 | 140,823,000 |
| 1981 | 1,742,857 | 139,941,000 |
| 1980 | 1,701,335 | 139,010,000 |
| 1979 | 1,660,659 | 138,027,000 |
| 1978 | 1,619,468 | 137,060,000 |
| 1977 | 1,576,245 | 136,100,000 |
| 1976 | 1,531,945 | 135,147,000 |
| 1975 | 1,488,296 | 134,200,000 |
| 1974 | 1,446,050 | 133,432,000 |
| 1973 | 1,405,502 | 132,669,000 |
| 1972 | 1,366,821 | 131,909,000 |
| 1971 | 1,330,071 | 131,155,000 |
| 1970 | 1,295,272 | 130,404,000 |
| 1969 | 1,262,284 | 129,664,000 |
| 1968 | 1,229,930 | 128,928,000 |
| 1967 | 1,196,996 | 128,196,000 |
| 1966 | 1,163,754 | 127,468,000 |
| 1965 | 1,131,177 | 126,745,000 |
| 1964 | 1,100,234 | 125,345,000 |
| 1963 | 1,071,362 | 123,960,000 |
| 1962 | 1,041,444 | 122,591,000 |
| 1961 | 1,009,284 | 121,236,000 |
| 1960 | 977,595 | 119,897,000 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mongolia/russia | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Mongolia increased by 521,688 people (a 20.3% growth), while Russia gained 1,965,823 people (a 1.37% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Mongolia gained 541,888 people (a 17.5% growth), while Russia's population decreased by 2,372,287 people (a 1.64% decline).
Mongolia was ranked 137th most populous country in 2006 and is 132nd in 2026. Russia was ranked 9th in 2006 and still ranked 9th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Mongolia's population will grow by 26.1% to 4,576,701 people with a rank change from 132nd to 130th. The population of Russia will decrease by 5.09% to 135,386,454 people and rank change from 9th to 13th.
Mongolia is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 5.63M people, while Russia's population already peaked in 1992 at 149M people and is projected to decrease to 126M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Mongolia
|
Russia
|
|
| 2100 | 0.11% | -0.08% |
| 2099 | 0.14% | -0.08% |
| 2098 | 0.16% | -0.06% |
| 2097 | 0.17% | -0.07% |
| 2096 | 0.2% | -0.05% |
| 2095 | 0.2% | -0.04% |
| 2094 | 0.22% | -0.04% |
| 2093 | 0.24% | -0.06% |
| 2092 | 0.24% | -0.04% |
| 2091 | 0.26% | -0.04% |
| 2090 | 0.28% | -0.04% |
| 2089 | 0.29% | -0.04% |
| 2088 | 0.29% | -0.04% |
| 2087 | 0.29% | -0.05% |
| 2086 | 0.32% | -0.06% |
| 2085 | 0.32% | -0.06% |
| 2084 | 0.34% | -0.06% |
| 2083 | 0.34% | -0.07% |
| 2082 | 0.35% | -0.07% |
| 2081 | 0.37% | -0.08% |
| 2080 | 0.39% | -0.09% |
| 2079 | 0.41% | -0.11% |
| 2078 | 0.4% | -0.12% |
| 2077 | 0.42% | -0.12% |
| 2076 | 0.43% | -0.14% |
| 2075 | 0.44% | -0.15% |
| 2074 | 0.45% | -0.17% |
| 2073 | 0.45% | -0.18% |
| 2072 | 0.46% | -0.22% |
| 2071 | 0.47% | -0.21% |
| 2070 | 0.46% | -0.22% |
| 2069 | 0.48% | -0.22% |
| 2068 | 0.48% | -0.22% |
| 2067 | 0.5% | -0.24% |
| 2066 | 0.5% | -0.25% |
| 2065 | 0.49% | -0.26% |
| 2064 | 0.49% | -0.26% |
| 2063 | 0.5% | -0.25% |
| 2062 | 0.5% | -0.27% |
| 2061 | 0.53% | -0.25% |
| 2060 | 0.53% | -0.27% |
| 2059 | 0.54% | -0.27% |
| 2058 | 0.58% | -0.25% |
| 2057 | 0.59% | -0.26% |
| 2056 | 0.61% | -0.26% |
| 2055 | 0.65% | -0.24% |
| 2054 | 0.68% | -0.24% |
| 2053 | 0.71% | -0.2% |
| 2052 | 0.75% | -0.2% |
| 2051 | 0.77% | -0.18% |
| 2050 | 0.83% | -0.16% |
| 2049 | 0.86% | -0.15% |
| 2048 | 0.9% | -0.14% |
| 2047 | 0.94% | -0.13% |
| 2046 | 0.98% | -0.13% |
| 2045 | 1% | -0.15% |
| 2044 | 1.01% | -0.16% |
| 2043 | 1.04% | -0.16% |
| 2042 | 1.05% | -0.18% |
| 2041 | 1.05% | -0.19% |
| 2040 | 1.05% | -0.22% |
| 2039 | 1.04% | -0.23% |
| 2038 | 1.04% | -0.24% |
| 2037 | 1.02% | -0.25% |
| 2036 | 1% | -0.26% |
| 2035 | 1% | -0.27% |
| 2034 | 0.98% | -0.28% |
| 2033 | 0.97% | -0.28% |
| 2032 | 0.95% | -0.3% |
| 2031 | 0.97% | -0.28% |
| 2030 | 0.99% | -0.27% |
| 2029 | 1.02% | -0.26% |
| 2028 | 1.06% | -0.26% |
| 2027 | 1.1% | -0.23% |
| 2026 | 1.16% | -0.61% |
| 2025 | 1.25% | -0.11% |
| 2024 | 1.25% | -0.11% |
| 2023 | 1.38% | -0.28% |
| 2022 | 1.48% | -0.35% |
| 2021 | 1.7% | -0.34% |
| 2020 | 1.82% | -0.14% |
| 2019 | 1.85% | 0.04% |
| 2018 | 1.88% | 0.07% |
| 2017 | 1.94% | 0.19% |
| 2016 | 2.05% | 0.26% |
| 2015 | 2.15% | 0.28% |
| 2014 | 2.21% | 0.3% |
| 2013 | 2.09% | 0.3% |
| 2012 | 1.92% | 0.25% |
| 2011 | 1.74% | 0.12% |
| 2010 | 1.77% | 0.04% |
| 2009 | 1.81% | 0.03% |
| 2008 | 1.59% | -0.04% |
| 2007 | 1.35% | -0.17% |
| 2006 | 1.21% | -0.33% |
| 2005 | 1.12% | -0.38% |
| 2004 | 1.13% | -0.4% |
| 2003 | 1.28% | -0.45% |
| 2002 | 1.29% | -0.46% |
| 2001 | 1.23% | -0.42% |
| 2000 | 1.34% | -0.42% |
| 1999 | 1.42% | -0.31% |
| 1998 | 1.4% | -0.17% |
| 1997 | 1.43% | -0.17% |
| 1996 | 1.55% | -0.15% |
| 1995 | 1.62% | -0.02% |
| 1994 | 1.12% | -0.03% |
| 1993 | -0.12% | -0.05% |
| 1992 | 0.11% | 0.1% |
| 1991 | 3.17% | 0.29% |
| 1990 | -1.2% | 0.17% |
| 1989 | 2.31% | 0.59% |
| 1988 | 2.65% | 0.65% |
| 1987 | 2.63% | 0.7% |
| 1986 | 2.57% | 0.72% |
| 1985 | 2.52% | 0.78% |
| 1984 | 2.47% | 0.76% |
| 1983 | 2.45% | 0.6% |
| 1982 | 2.44% | 0.63% |
| 1981 | 2.44% | 0.67% |
| 1980 | 2.45% | 0.71% |
| 1979 | 2.54% | 0.71% |
| 1978 | 2.74% | 0.71% |
| 1977 | 2.89% | 0.71% |
| 1976 | 2.93% | 0.71% |
| 1975 | 2.92% | 0.58% |
| 1974 | 2.88% | 0.58% |
| 1973 | 2.83% | 0.58% |
| 1972 | 2.76% | 0.57% |
| 1971 | 2.69% | 0.58% |
| 1970 | 2.61% | 0.57% |
| 1969 | 2.63% | 0.57% |
| 1968 | 2.75% | 0.57% |
| 1967 | 2.86% | 0.57% |
| 1966 | 2.88% | 0.57% |
| 1965 | 2.81% | 1.12% |
| 1964 | 2.69% | 1.12% |
| 1963 | 2.87% | 1.12% |
| 1962 | 3.19% | 1.12% |
| 1961 | 3.24% | 1.12% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mongolia/russia | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Mongolia grew by 1.25%, while Russia's population declined by 0.11%.
Live population counters
|
Mongolia
|
Russia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
3630744
|
142643173
|
| Population rank | 132/197 | 9/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.04% | 1.72% |
| One net population change |
11.9 minutes
|
3.37 minutes
|
| One birth every |
8.82 minutes
|
26.1 seconds
|
| One death every |
27.1 minutes
|
17.7 seconds
|
| Daily growth/decline | +121 | -428 |
| Annual growth/decline | +44,190 | -156,320 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +1.25% | -0.11% |
| Population growth rate rank | 81/197 | 166/197 |
| One migration net change every |
4.63 days
|
2.09 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +79 | -251,822 |
| Net migration rank | 74/196 | 187/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 22,589 | 7,605,774 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 169/195 | 10/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.6% | 5.3% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 171/195 | 91/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mongolia
|
Russia
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 79 | - | -251,822 |
| 2024 | 40,182 | 83 | -574,678 | -178,042 |
| 2023 | 46,995 | 0 | -503,392 | 27,807 |
| 2022 | 47,730 | 0 | -576,948 | 765,629 |
| 2021 | 52,109 | 0 | -1,027,702 | 314,112 |
| 2020 | 60,888 | 0 | -697,177 | 334,094 |
| 2019 | 61,433 | 8,660 | -319,997 | 336,494 |
| 2018 | 60,635 | 7,811 | -232,637 | 339,972 |
| 2017 | 57,940 | 6,831 | -130,764 | 396,619 |
| 2016 | 62,086 | 5,633 | 0 | 447,645 |
| 2015 | 64,473 | 4,307 | 43,392 | 384,756 |
| 2014 | 66,078 | 2,921 | 28,848 | 264,698 |
| 2013 | 62,618 | 1,505 | 28,761 | 289,872 |
| 2012 | 55,942 | 351 | 0 | 285,977 |
| 2011 | 50,711 | -505 | -128,716 | 309,377 |
| 2010 | 44,914 | -6,444 | -242,844 | 307,555 |
| 2009 | 48,876 | -15,007 | -257,014 | 350,206 |
| 2008 | 45,843 | -17,277 | -356,856 | 360,840 |
| 2007 | 39,636 | -15,220 | -471,257 | 365,717 |
| 2006 | 33,609 | -11,934 | -686,638 | 308,370 |
| 2005 | 29,290 | -8,924 | -846,761 | 263,541 |
| 2004 | 28,418 | -8,148 | -792,370 | 261,519 |
| 2003 | 28,827 | -7,986 | -896,822 | 256,804 |
| 2002 | 30,439 | -8,934 | -944,492 | 1,358,944 |
| 2001 | 32,052 | -10,244 | -963,445 | 259,614 |
| 2000 | 32,753 | -11,241 | -967,540 | 550,401 |
| 1999 | 32,283 | -13,481 | -927,453 | 375,468 |
| 1998 | 31,757 | -10,315 | -694,053 | 528,135 |
| 1997 | 32,403 | -9,132 | -769,159 | 541,387 |
| 1996 | 33,741 | -8,626 | -785,248 | 587,171 |
| 1995 | 34,473 | -7,346 | -845,742 | 723,875 |
| 1994 | 34,711 | -5,449 | -920,129 | 1,271,417 |
| 1993 | 36,924 | -5,429 | -757,140 | 507,229 |
| 1992 | 42,437 | -8,404 | -222,808 | -1,129,589 |
| 1991 | 47,884 | -11,427 | 103,876 | 125,505 |
| 1990 | 49,443 | -11,881 | 325,533 | 299,863 |
| 1989 | 51,420 | -9,757 | 576,112 | 89,400 |
| 1988 | 51,588 | 2,459 | 778,343 | 269,862 |
| 1987 | 51,140 | 1,855 | 977,583 | 275,611 |
| 1986 | 50,329 | 354 | 985,279 | 283,553 |
| 1985 | 49,944 | -1,719 | 762,447 | 280,614 |
| 1984 | 48,562 | -2,452 | 756,548 | 247,026 |
| 1983 | 46,919 | -2,522 | 906,676 | 200,159 |
| 1982 | 45,179 | -2,132 | 830,855 | 107,520 |
| 1981 | 43,588 | -1,615 | 713,700 | 36,686 |
| 1980 | 42,343 | -1,268 | 681,149 | 10,440 |
| 1979 | 41,568 | -1,296 | 690,135 | -5,791 |
| 1978 | 40,276 | 1,833 | 812,766 | 108,882 |
| 1977 | 38,995 | 5,354 | 832,932 | 122,316 |
| 1976 | 37,670 | 6,577 | 852,237 | 113,851 |
| 1975 | 36,490 | 6,556 | 843,850 | 80,069 |
| 1974 | 35,297 | 6,153 | 883,186 | -51,759 |
| 1973 | 33,993 | 5,647 | 846,561 | -107,568 |
| 1972 | 32,727 | 4,999 | 872,050 | -111,168 |
| 1971 | 31,536 | 4,238 | 854,999 | -134,968 |
| 1970 | 30,558 | 3,263 | 785,554 | -264,464 |
| 1969 | 29,781 | 2,366 | 753,088 | -64,643 |
| 1968 | 29,017 | 3,535 | 787,621 | -83,221 |
| 1967 | 28,178 | 5,139 | 854,554 | -116,029 |
| 1966 | 27,338 | 5,837 | 989,279 | -111,360 |
| 1965 | 26,364 | 5,610 | 1,059,335 | -138,078 |
| 1964 | 25,317 | 4,599 | 1,233,520 | -148,595 |
| 1963 | 24,142 | 3,687 | 1,436,077 | -168,649 |
| 1962 | 22,960 | 9,049 | 1,573,701 | -177,358 |
| 1961 | 21,873 | 10,440 | 1,810,538 | -204,349 |
| 1960 | 20,726 | 10,334 | 1,962,834 | -234,895 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mongolia/russia | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 94.3% of the population change in Mongolia is from natural causes (a gain of 554,471 people) and 5.67% is from migration (a gain of 33,325 people). In Russia 55.9% is from natural causes (a loss of 4,019,903 people) and 44.1% is from migration (a gain of 3,169,086 people).
As of 2024, 22,589 residents or 0.6% of the population were not native-born in Mongolia, compared to 7,605,774 people or 5.3% in Russia.
Biggest cities by population
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Population differences between Mongolia and Russia
|
Mongolia
|
Russia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 72.5 years | 73.7 years |
| Average age | 29.9 years | 41.1 years |
| Median age | 27.9 years | 41.4 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.8:50.2 | 46.4:53.6 |
| Fertility rate | 2.5 births per woman | 1.42 births per woman |
| Population density | 6 ppl/mi² | 22.6 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mongolia/russia | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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